CN104855281A - Cucurbita pepo breeding method based on cold plasma treatment - Google Patents
Cucurbita pepo breeding method based on cold plasma treatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cucurbita pepo breeding method based on cold plasma treatment, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining cucurbita pepo with the functions of improving the seed germinating ability, increasing the height of seedlings, increasing the main root length, lowering a first female flower insertion node, improving the combining ability, antedating initial picking and increasing the biological yield. Collected cucurbita pepo seeds are planted and screened and are subjected to self-cross selective breeding to obtain cucurbita pepo parent materials, and seeds of the cucurbita pepo parent materials are subjected to the cold plasma treatment; the seeds of the cucurbita pepo parent materials subjected to the cold plasma treatment are subjected to excellent strain generation-adding selection, and an excellent variation self-cross line which has a target trait and is high in combining ability is selected by virtue of manners such as self cross, back cross and test cross; the excellent variation self-cross line is subjected to self-cross purification and rejuvenation to obtain stable male and female parents, and the male and female parents are hybridized to obtain an excellent cucurbita pepo hybridization assembly; by the combination of an anti-identification test and a variety comparison test, a new excellent cucurbita pepo variety is obtained finally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of custard squash breeding method, the custard squash breeding method of particularly a kind of cold plasma process, belongs to agriculture field.
Background technology
Custard squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) calls eggplant melon, bear (hero) melon, white melon, little melon, pumpkin, angle melon etc., belongs to Curcurbitaceae, Cucurbita custard squash kind; For annual draft of overgrowing, have short life, partly overgrow, three large strains of overgrowing, originate in India, southern china, the north all have plantation, are one of vegetables of liking of people.Along with the adjustment of the industrial structure and the increase of consumption demand; the fast development of custard squash cultivated area; at present; the pumpkin variety that Jinan City's Protectorate cultivation is promoted mainly; major part is from the French winter jade abroad introduced, Caesar and Ferrari etc.; import variety yield is high, storage property good, but seed price is expensive.Tradition custard squash breeding has very large achievement in the past few decades really, but because breeding time is long, low-level repetition, homogeneity be serious.Want there is higher achievement in custard squash breeding, just must rely on modern science and technology.But, there is breakthrough transgenic breeding method at present and cause heated argument in the world, think that genetically modified crops have great potential danger, may threaten to human health and environment for human survival, and the generation of all induced mutationss is all random, also do not accomplish directed mutagenesis at present.The cost of space breeding is quite high, and not general entity and individual can bear.In this case, how to find one can break through traditional biological breeding low-level repetition operation, do not change again the breeding technique of gene character, safety and environmental protection, become the task of top priority.
Cold plasma seed processing technology is a kind of seed treatment new technology coming from Russian scientist invention.This technology at home medicine, chemical field has and applies widely, this technology is applied to agricultural production and still belongs to new research field at home and abroad, has not yet to see the research of cold plasma in custard squash breeding and report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of custard squash breeding method of cold plasma process, in conjunction with advanced cold plasma seed processing technology, process breeding material, M8003 line objective trait, overcome traditional breeding technique time length, target blindness, breeding quality is low, breeding cost is high drawback, custard squash breeding technique has novelty.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Obtain germination capacity of seeds improve and/height of seedling increases and/main root long increase and the/the first female flower tight knot reduce and/coordinate force improves and/adopt the method for the custard squash that melon time advance and/biological yield increase for the first time, comprise the following steps:
(1) planted by pumpkin variety seed, screen, selfed breeding obtains custard squash breeding material;
(2) seed of custard squash breeding material is carried out cold plasma process;
(3) material of cold plasma process is carried out add for selecting elite plant strain, first adopt selfing, backcross and test cross breeding technique, and binding molecule mark and Identification of Isozyme means carry out assistant breeding, select the excellent variation inbred line that the coordinate force with objective trait is high; Excellent variation inbred line is carried out selfing purification and rejuvenation and obtain stable Parent strain.
(4) Parent hybridization is measured and obtains bumpkin hybrid combination, is tested and variety comparative test, finally obtain excellent custard squash new varieties by Resistance Identification.
Described raising, growth, increase, reduction and be in advance with without any process with a collection of same breed this material of custard squash compared with.
Described germination capacity of seeds is embodied as custard squash potentiality of seed and/or germination rate.
Described biological yield increase is embodied as seedling dry weight/fresh weight increase, the long increase of melon, melon transverse diameter increases, single melon heavily increases and/output increases.
In step (2), cold plasma process processing procedure is: be placed in by the seed of the breeding material of pumpkin variety in cold plasma processor, under the processing power of 1-500W, the unionized width of 15-20 second is carried out to custard squash seed and penetrate process, process is working media with helium, carries out in vacuum sealing environment.
Described processing power is preferably 10-200W, and the time of process is preferably 15-18s.
Described processing power more preferably 60-140W, the time more preferably 16-17s of process.
Described processing power more preferably 120W, the time more preferably 17s of process.
In step (1), described pumpkin variety seed to be planted, screening, selfed breeding, is conducive to genetic diversity and keeps and Germplasm enhancement.Pumpkin variety is preferably following arbitrary kind: cigarette calabash No. 4, black calabash No. 1, black calabash No. 3, No. 1, Xixing pumpkin, cold green 7042, circle calabash No. 1, No. 6, Shanxi custard squash, capital calabash No. 12, capital calabash No. 5, circle calabash No. 2, Alexandria, Karstlo, Caesar.
For the custard squash of each kind, after method process of the present invention, improve the most obvious proterties as follows:
Cigarette calabash No. 4: major traits Heterosis heavily increases significantly at melon transverse diameter, single melon.
Black calabash No. 1: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in the long increase of melon.
Black calabash No. 3: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in early yield increase.
No. 1, Xixing pumpkin: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in strain width, the long increase of main root.
Cold green 7042: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in coordinate force, number of results increase.
No. 6, Shanxi custard squash: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in dry weight increase in seedling stage.
Capital calabash No. 12: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in fresh weight increase in seedling stage.
Circle calabash No. 2: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in germination vigor, germination rate increase.
Alexandria: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in gross yield increase.
Karstlo: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in height of seedling increase.
Caesar: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in the long increase of main root.
The above-mentioned arbitrary described application of method in custard squash breeding also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Method provided by the invention is by seed after cold plasma process, and custard squash seed DNA sequence dna does not change, but gene expression there occurs heritable change.This change is that other in cell except hereditary information can the change that occurs of genetic material, and this change energy stable delivery in growth and proliferation process.The method breaches the serious and transgenic breeding potential danger of traditional custard squash breeding low-level repetition, homogeneity, and the shortcoming that space breeding economic input is huge, can shorten custard squash breeding cycle, custard squash breeding method and means have advance.
The advantage of the custard squash breeding method of a kind of cold plasma process provided by the invention is as follows:
1, improve selection, adopt cold plasma process custard squash parent material, utilize the parent material after process to carry out breeding, overcome traditional breeding technique time length, target blindness, breeding quality is low, breeding cost is high drawback.Carrying out breeding by cold-island effect process parental seed, is custard squash breeding new breakthrough, for adding newtype germ plasm resource in China's custard squash seed bank.
2, plasma seed processing technology uses high-octane material aggregation state to carry out < 20 seconds (s) unionized width to crop seeds exactly and penetrates process, can reach growth-promoting rejuvenation, improve output, oil recovery enhancement and increase diseases and insect pests resistance and drought-resistant ability.The custard squash new varieties that this technology is bred as have the characteristics such as high vigor, high yield, wide suitable, high-quality, save sowing quantity, economize on kind of cost and drop into.
3, carry out breeding by cold-island effect process parental seed, owing to being Non-ionizing radiation, material molecule can not be made to produce ionization, thus the gene of seed can not be made to produce transposition, thus ensure that crop gene safety, there is ecological, environmental protective, the advantage of green non-pollution.The varietal resistance advantage be bred as can reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, reduces production cost expenditure.
4, the inventive method cold plasma processing power is artificially controlled, binding molecule mark and Identification of Isozyme utilize, the processing power of a certain specific trait of certain custard squash seed can be found by repetition test, a certain excellent genes obtains optimum expression, the demand of seed selection custard squash improved seeds can be met better, further shortening custard squash breeding cycle, selects more excellent custard squash new varieties.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 and 2 is that custard squash is purificated and rejuvenated 3 years two garden schematic diagrames.
In Fig. 2, ▲ Representative Cultivars resource, zero represents the common character in the different separation of offspring, ● represent maternal objective trait in the separation of offspring's difference, ※ represents male parent objective trait in the separation of offspring's difference.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Cigarette calabash No. 4 passed through authorization in 2010 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2010025, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Black calabash No. 1 passes through authorization in Shandong in 2009, and Lu Nong examines No. 2009053, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Black calabash No. 3 passes through authorization in Shandong in 2010, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2010054, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
No. 1, Xixing pumpkin, passed through authorization in 2009 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2009054, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Cold green 7042 passed through authorization in 2012 in Shandong, authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2012047, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Circle calabash No. 1, passed through authorization in 2010 in Zhejiang, authorization numbering: Zhejiang (non-) examines vegetables 2010009, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
No. 6, Shanxi custard squash authorization numbering: dish (recognizing) 2008012 is examined in Shanxi, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Capital calabash No. 12, passed through authorization in 2011 in Shanxi, authorization numbering: dish (recognizing) 2011017 is examined in Shanxi, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Capital calabash No. 5, passes through authorization in Shanxi in 2011, numbering: dish (recognizing) 2011018 is examined in Shanxi, and the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Circle calabash No. 2, within 2011, by the authorization of Zhejiang Province's vegetable variety scene, without authorization numbering, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Alexandria, seed Co., Ltd of Shandong Province is exclusively from the selfing high yield generation that Hao Le company of the U.S. introduces, and the introduction of 2013 numbers 2013 the 101223rd, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Karstlo's custard squash, seed parent company of Shandong Province exclusively from Hao Le company of the U.S. introduce first-filial generation high yield pumpkin variety, 2014 introduce number: 2014 No. 061109.The public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
Caesar, extend the blue or green first-filial generation pumpkin variety introduced from French crown prince.Introduction number in 2013: 2013 No. 060818, the public can obtain from seed parent company of Shandong Province.
The custard squash breeding method of embodiment 1, a kind of cold plasma process
Utilize the custard squash breeding method of cold plasma process, can obtain germination vigor, germination rate increases, resistance strengthens, and the custard squash new varieties of high yield, stable yields, the characteristic trait such as wide suitable, specifically comprise the steps:
(1) collection meets the breeding material of breeding goal as emphasis seed selection object, and plantation screening, also by methods such as selfings, obtains breeding material.
Concrete experiment material is cigarette calabash No. 4, black calabash No. 1, black calabash No. 3, No. 1, Xixing pumpkin, cold green 7042, circle calabash No. 1, No. 6, Shanxi custard squash, capital calabash No. 12, capital calabash No. 5, circle calabash No. 2, Alexandria, Karstlo, Caesar etc.
(2) breeding material of pumpkin variety selected for step 1 is placed in cold plasma processor, use high-octane material aggregation state, under the processing power of 1-500W, the unionized width of 15-20 second is carried out to the breeding material (the Parent seed of custard squash) of custard squash and penetrate process, the necessary condition of process take helium as working media, carries out in vacuum sealing environment.
(3) breeding material of cold plasma process is preserved under low temperature drying condition, to wait to begin sowing in good time.
(4) with without any process, the same a collection of breeding material of corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected carries out cultivating compared with the custard squash (contrast) that obtains, carries out cultivating that the custard squash obtained achieves the purification and rejuvenation of corresponding parent material, output increased, hybrid seed yield increase, quality improving and resistance enhancing through the seed of cold plasma process.
Cold plasma process on the germination vigor of custard squash seed and the impact of germination rate as shown in table 1:
The germination vigor of custard squash seed and germination rate under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 1
The ratio that germination vigor in table 1 and germination rate improve represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, germination vigor and germination rate are improved, and the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 1.Such as, processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what the ratio that germination vigor improves was the highest is circle calabash No. 2 kinds, and be 22.49%, minimum is Xixing pumpkin No. a kind, is 14.56%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what the ratio that germination rate improves was the highest is circle calabash No. 2 kinds, and be 5.14%, minimum is Xixing pumpkin No. a kind, is 3.68%.
Table 1 shows, when processing power is 120W, processing time is when being 17s, improve maximum through the germination vigor of the seed of the custard squash of cold plasma process, germination rate, improve 14.56-22.49%, 3.68-5.14% than contrast respectively, illustrate after cold plasma process, custard squash potentiality of seed significantly improves, germination rate also increases, and field emergence is fast and neat, achieves the purification and rejuvenation of parent material.
The impact that cold plasma process grows Pumpkin Seedlings is as shown in table 2:
Long and fresh, the dry weight of custard squash height of seedling under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 2, main root
In table 2, the ratio that height of seedling, main root are long and dry, fresh weight improves represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, the ratio that height of seedling, main root are long, fibrous root is long and dry, fresh weight improves.Such as, processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what height of seedling raising ratio was the highest is Karstlo's kind, and be 23.80%, minimum is Xixing pumpkin No. a kind, is 17.25%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what main root long raising ratio was the highest is Xixing pumpkin No. a kind, and be 2.14%, minimum is Caesar's kind, is 1.96%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what fresh weight raising ratio was the highest is capital calabash 12 kind, and be 17.07%, minimum is cold green 7042 kinds, is 11.23%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what seedling dry weight raising ratio was the highest is Shanxi custard squash No. 6 kinds, and be 9.93%, minimum is black calabash No. a kind, is 5.23%.
Table 2 shows, when processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, custard squash height of seedling through cold plasma process increases maximum, and improve 17.25-23.80% than contrast, height of seedling uprises, illustrate that cold plasma process facilitates the quick growth of seedling, growth potential is vigorous; When processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, the custard squash main root length through cold plasma process exceeds 1.96-2.14% than contrast, and root system lengthens, and more has outstanding role to the moisture absorbed in deep soil and nutrient; When processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, the custard squash seedling fresh weight through cold plasma process exceeds 11.23-17.07% than contrast, and seedling dry weight exceeds 5.23-9.93% than contrast.Miao Gan, fresh weight increase, and illustrate that cold plasma process facilitates the quick growth of seedling, plant strain growth gesture is vigorous.By above process, achieve the growth-promoting rejuvenation of parent material.
Measured the mixing coordinate force of the rear parent of process by method of inbred-variety cross, the impact of cold plasma process on custard squash 5 proterties coordinate force is as shown in table 3,
Custard squash coordinate force relative effect value under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 3
Table 3 shows, custard squash F1 generation proterties increasing rate represents: the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, the raising ratio of the coordinate force relative effect value such as individual plant grain yield, 100-grain weight, single melon kernal number, single melon weight, climing length, the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 3.When processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, the combining ability effect value through custard squash material 5 major traits of cold plasma process is significantly higher than contrast.Example, after cold plasma process, cold green 7042 choosings are that individual plant grain yield is than contrast increase by 16.89%; What 100-grain weight increase rate was maximum is circle calabash No. 1 choosing system, is 21.53%; Cold green 7042 singly hang kernal number increases and mostly are 12.35% most, and after process, Alexandria choosing is that climing long reduction mostly is 4.39% most, and No. 4 choosings of cigarette calabash are that single melon heavily increases is significantly 14.11%.Illustrate that the custard squash coordinate force after cold plasma process improves, be conducive to the realization of breeding objective.
The impact of cold plasma process on custard squash biological character is as shown in table 4:
The climing length of custard squash, strain width under table 4 different cold plasma treatment conditions
In table 4, the increasing rate of the climing length of custard squash plant, strain width represent the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, the raising ratio of the climing length of plant, strain width, the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 4.Such as, processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what the climing long reduction of plant was maximum is Alexandria kind, and be 4.35%, minimum is black calabash No. 3 kinds, is 2.65%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, it is Xixing pumpkin No. a kind that plant strain width increases maximum, is 1.57%, and increasing minimum is capital calabash No. 12 kinds, is 1.13%.
Table 4 shows, the climing long reduction of the custard squash plant obtained by the seed through cold plasma process, strain panel height increase.When processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, it is maximum that climing length, strain width change amplitude.
The impact of cold plasma process on ripe property is as shown in table 5:
The melon time is adopted for the first time after custard squash first female flower tight knot position and field planting under the different cold plasma treatment conditions of table 5
In table 5, custard squash first female flower tight knot position and the breeding material adopting the process of melon time representation cold plasma after field planting for the first time with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, all kinds, plant first female flower and to be adopted melon pre-set time after tight knot position shifts to an earlier date joint number and field planting for the first time, table 5 is found out, the custard squash plant obtained by the seed through cold plasma process.When processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, the first female flower tight knot position and is shifted to an earlier date 1-2 joint, adopts melon for the first time and shift to an earlier date 3-4 days after field planting.
Cold plasma process is as shown in table 6 on the impact of custard squash yield traits:
French gourd melon length, melon transverse diameter, single melon weight, early yield, gross yield under table 6 different cold plasma treatment conditions
In table 6, french gourd melon length, melon transverse diameter, single melon weight, early yield, gross yield improve ratio and represent: the breeding material of cold plasma process with without any process, corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected with compared with a collection of breeding material, the raising ratio of all kinds.French gourd melon length after cold plasma process, melon transverse diameter, single melon weight, early yield, gross yield all have and improve in various degree, and the amplitude of raising is in the data in table 6.Such as, processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what melon long raising ratio was the highest is black calabash No. a kind, is 8.41%, and minimum is circle calabash No. a kind, is 6.37%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what melon transverse diameter raising ratio was the highest is cigarette calabash No. 4 kinds, is 2.32%, and minimum is circle calabash No. a kind, is 1.64%.Processing power is 120W, when the processing time is 17s, single melon bring up again height ratio the highest be cigarette calabash No. 4 kinds, be 13.22%, circle calabash No. a kind that minimum is is 10.19%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what early yield raising ratio was the highest is capital calabash No. 12 kinds, and be 8.19%, minimum is black calabash No. 3 kinds, is 6.02%.Processing power is 120W, and when the processing time is 17s, what gross yield raising ratio was the highest is Alexandria kind, is 9.93%, and minimum is circle calabash No. 2 kinds, is 7.66%.
The impact of cold plasma process on custard squash output is as shown in table 7:
Table 7 is a certain new varieties custard squash male parent, female parent, hybrid combination major traits situation under 120W cold plasma treatment conditions
Table 7 shows, when processing power is 120W, processing time is when being 17s, the melon length obtained by the seed through cold plasma process exceeds 6.37-8.41% than contrast, melon transverse diameter exceeds 1.64-2.32% than contrast, and single melon anharmonic ratio contrast exceeds 10.19-13.22%, and early yield exceeds 6.02-8.19% than contrast, gross yield exceeds 7.66-9.93% than contrast, and the hybrid seed yield achieving parent material increases.
More than experiment shows, when processing power is within the scope of 1-500W, compared with the control, quality and the resistance of the custard squash obtained by the seed through cold plasma process obviously strengthen.
(5) breeding material of cold plasma process is carried out adding generation and Field Screening, choose target variation by generation.
Utilize DNA molecular marker technology to carry out assistant breeding, can variety of crops be differentiated, assessment varietal purity, analyze agronomic trait gene, Isolation and Identification genetic stocks, determines chromosome volume, to the detection of chromosome nonhomologous and chromosomal structural aberration, thus carry out assistant breeding.
Enzyme is the product of gene, is the result of gene expression.Enzyme difference is structurally mainly derived from gene, and Isozyme spectra of LDH is the phenotype of the molecular level after gene expression, and research Isozyme spectra of LDH just likely contacts the relation of gene, gene expression and metabolism, cell and overall phenotype.Similitude due to isodynamic enzyme structure has reacted interbiotic affiliation, the therefore classification to can be used for kind of Isozyme Analysis, and isozyme data can as qualification species, research classification, evolve, the important indicator of heredity and variation.Therefore, Identification of Isozyme is utilized to carry out assistant breeding.
During the plantation of individual plant 1st generation by process through step 2 and to without any process, the same a collection of breeding material (seed) of corresponding pumpkin variety that step 1 is selected simultaneously subregion sow, carry out comparative trial, observation economical character and the coefficient of variation, adopt the means such as molecular labeling and Identification of Isozyme to carry out assistant breeding simultaneously, carry out Single-plant selection, select excellent variation.2nd generation carries out Single-plant selection, selfed breeding.3rd generation and later each generation, according to the degree of fixation of strain, individual plant, group, mixing system of selection can be adopted, until be bred as the inbred line of good stable.
(6) with the inbred line that step (5) obtains, select the Parent of inbred line as crossbreed that advantage is strong, meet breeding goal, carry out hybridization pollination and obtain elite hybrid.
Its main program is: starting material garden, inbred line breeding garden, hybridization garden, qualification garden, product compare garden.
1., starting material garden.Plant the stock of selective inbred line, the parent after cold plasma process and corresponding untreated parent plant wherein respectively.Elite plant strain is selected according to objective trait.
2., inbred line breeding garden.Plant selfing in colony, middlely selects threshing after sugar-preserved gourd maturation, next in season kind become strain S1, between strain, carry out self progeny's selection.Along with the carrying out of selfing, emphasis is selected to turn to Sister Lines to select in strain, and during generation of certainly accompanying each other, every generation all will carry out pedigree record S2-S3.By record, can review the similarities and differences between being from Genetic Performance, selected offspring's number successively decreases with selfing algebraically increase successively half.Permission selfing hybridization concept carries out custard squash population improvement, and binding site has selfing, coordinate force, hybridization performance and Other Main Agronomic Characters.Selfing and combining ability test are conducive to population improvement, selfing and combining ability test work is carried out in recurrent selection, using coordinate force genetic parameter as inbred line and breeding hybridized foundation, by custard squash population improvement with breeding hybridizedly to combine closely, low generation just can be selected to be as the high excellent recombination system for system, to improve the value of population improvement.Some in low generation major clique, directly can form pedigree group with them, then select major clique through adding generation.In a word, in population improvement process, each step should, according to the requirement of breeding objective, be all breeding hybridized service.
3., garden is hybridized.Selected parental combination is planted in this garden, carries out hybridization pollination, focuses on and be measured.
4., garden is identified.The excellent strain that plantation hybridization garden selects, carries out elementary Yield compari@, carries out Resistance Identification simultaneously, compare for examination quality of materials in qualification garden.
5., product compare garden.The excellent strain that field plot test garden is selected.Variety test of lines carry out in larger area more accurately, more representational yield trials, simultaneously to the qualification that the breeding objective such as yielding ability, stability, resistance of new lines carries out specifically.
Like this through the seed selection of 4-6 for left and right, reach inbred line to stablize, hybridize according to breeding objective between inbred line, obtain crossbreed and carry out variety comparative test and regional test, production demonstration and Quality Detection etc., carry out kind technical appraisement afterwards, breeding of new variety work completes.
Obtain germination vigor by above step, germination rate increases, resistance strengthens, and high yield, stable yields, wide suitable, high-quality, is suitable for the custard squash new varieties of the characteristic trait such as dense planting and do mechanization operation, meets expection standard.
Claims (10)
1. obtain germination capacity of seeds improve and/height of seedling increases and/main root long increase and the/the first female flower tight knot reduce and/coordinate force improves and/adopt the method for the custard squash that melon time advance and/biological yield increase for the first time, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) planted by pumpkin variety seed, screen, selfed breeding obtains custard squash breeding material;
(2) seed of custard squash breeding material is carried out cold plasma process;
(3) material of cold plasma process is carried out add for selecting elite plant strain, first adopt selfing, backcross and test cross breeding technique, and binding molecule mark and Identification of Isozyme means carry out assistant breeding, select the excellent variation inbred line that the coordinate force with objective trait is high; Excellent variation inbred line is carried out selfing purification and rejuvenation and obtain stable Parent strain;
(4) Parent hybridization is measured and obtains bumpkin hybrid combination, is tested and variety comparative test, finally obtain excellent custard squash new varieties by Resistance Identification.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (2), cold plasma process processing procedure is: be placed in by the seed of the breeding material of pumpkin variety in cold plasma processor, under the processing power of 1-500W, the unionized width of 15-20 second is carried out to custard squash seed and penetrate process, process is working media with helium, carries out in vacuum sealing environment.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described processing power is 10-200W, the time of process is 15-18s.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described processing power is 60-140W, the time of process is 16-17s.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described processing power is 120W, the time of process is 17s.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described pumpkin variety is following arbitrary kind: cigarette calabash No. 4, black calabash No. 1, black calabash No. 3, No. 1, Xixing pumpkin, cold green 7042, circle calabash No. 1, No. 6, Shanxi custard squash, capital calabash No. 12, capital calabash No. 5, circle calabash No. 2, Alexandria, Karstlo, Caesar.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described biological yield increase is embodied as seedling dry weight/fresh weight increase, the long increase of melon, melon transverse diameter increases, single melon heavily increases and/output increases.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described germination capacity of seeds is embodied as custard squash potentiality of seed and/or germination rate.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
Cigarette calabash No. 4: major traits Heterosis heavily increases significantly at melon transverse diameter, single melon;
Black calabash No. 1: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in the long increase of melon;
Black calabash No. 3: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in early yield increase;
No. 1, Xixing pumpkin: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in strain width, the long increase of main root;
Cold green 7042: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in number of results increase;
No. 6, Shanxi custard squash: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in dry weight increase in seedling stage;
Capital calabash No. 12: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in fresh weight increase in seedling stage;
Circle calabash No. 2: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in germination vigor, germination rate increase;
Alexandria: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in gross yield increase;
Karstlo: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in height of seedling increase;
Caesar: major traits Heterosis is the most remarkable in the long increase of main root.
10. the arbitrary described application of method in custard squash breeding of claim 1-9.
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