CN104854784B - Three-phase AC electrical systems and the method for compensating the inductance unbalance in such system - Google Patents
Three-phase AC electrical systems and the method for compensating the inductance unbalance in such system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104854784B CN104854784B CN201380063484.8A CN201380063484A CN104854784B CN 104854784 B CN104854784 B CN 104854784B CN 201380063484 A CN201380063484 A CN 201380063484A CN 104854784 B CN104854784 B CN 104854784B
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H02J3/386—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
Abstract
Provide a kind of method for being used to compensate the inductance unbalance in the electrical system of three-phase alternating current.It determines the inductance unbalance in the three-phase electrical system, select inductance compensation equipment and then by the inductance compensation equipment application in the three-phase electrical system based on the determination.The inductance compensation equipment is applied on the power cable in the electrical system.A kind of three-phase electrical system is additionally provided, wherein, solve inductance unbalance using inductance compensation equipment.A kind of wind turbine generator for including such three-phase AC electrical systems.
Description
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to a kind of three-phase alternating current (AC) electrical systems for wind turbine generator.Specifically,
The present invention relates to for compensating the method and apparatus of inductance unbalance that may be present in such electrical system.
Background technology
In recent years, more and more passes be there has been on the discharge of greenhouse gases generated by combustion of fossil fuels is reduced
Note.A solution for reducing greenhouse gas emission is to utilize regenerative resource.Specifically, the energy from wind-force
Amount has proven to Environmental security and the reliable energy.
Can the energy in wind be captured by wind turbine, wind turbine is that the kinetic energy of wind is converted to mechanical energy, and
The mechanical energy is then converted to the rotating machinery of electrical power.Common horizontal axis wind turbine includes tower, is positioned in tower
The nacelle on vertex and the rotor being supported on by means of axis in nacelle.The axis makes rotor directly or indirectly with being received
The rotor assembly coupling of generator inside nacelle.Generator generate electrical power, the electrical power be provided to power grid it
It is preceding to be adjusted by power inverter.Multiple wind turbines can be disposed in together, to form wind power plant or wind power plant.
The wind turbine electrical system of the prior art includes typically being connected in parallel to multiple power conversions of generator
Device.Each power inverter includes a large amount of semiconductor switch circuits in its own, the semiconductor switch circuit generally quilt
It is coupled for power rectification and inversion and about dc- links.Unbalanced electric and magnetic component is known to switch power
The performance of changer system is unfavorable.When converter parallel work-flow, the influence is especially serious.
Invention content
In the first aspect of the present invention, a kind of three-phase alternating current (AC) electrical system for being used to compensate wind turbine is provided
In inductance unbalance or perceptual disequilibrium method, the electrical system include be coupled to the back-to-back of multiple parallel work-flows
The electrical generator of power inverter, the power inverter are subsequently coupled to load, and the power inverter is from the hair
Motor receives and electrical power and electrical power after the adjustment is delivered to the load, wherein, the three-phase AC electrical systems it is every
The electric current of phase is all carried by individual power cable, the method includes：Determine the electricity in the three-phase AC electrical systems
Sense is uneven, determines to select inductance compensation equipment and in the three-phase AC electrical systems based on the inductance unbalance
Using the inductance compensation equipment.
Description of the drawings
By example and the embodiment of the present invention is explained with reference to the drawings.It should be noted that attached drawing illustrates only the present invention's
The example of embodiment, and restriction on its scope is therefore not considered as, this is because the present invention can allow other same
Etc. effective embodiment.
Fig. 1 illustrates wind turbines.
Fig. 2 is illustrated with the three-phase electrical system of power inverter being connected in parallel.Dc- links can interconnect or can be with
It does not interconnect.
Fig. 3 illustrates balanced electrical system according to the embodiment.
Fig. 4 a illustrate a pair of of the phase conductor coupled with inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.Fig. 4 b are illustrated with opposite
In a pair of of phase conductor that the alternate ways of Fig. 4 a are coupled.
Fig. 5 a illustrate the first inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 b illustrate the second inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 c illustrate third inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 d illustrate the 4th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 e illustrate the 5th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 f illustrate the 6th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Fig. 5 g illustrate the 7th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Before going to the detailed description of attached drawing, will some universal items in embodiment be discussed.
As mentioned, the wind turbine electrical system of the prior art generally includes power inverter in parallel, Mei Gegong
Rate converter module includes a large amount of electric switches.In these power inverters, if parallel units are consistently switched, no
The phase current in each parallel connection converter module can be controlled on an individual basis.Due to actual cause, power switch (such as
IGBT equipment) usually consistently switched.The distribution of electric current be accordingly dependent on be present in these deck power converter modules with respectively
Phase between electric equilibrium and magnetic balance.
In ideal conditions, all electric switches transmitting signal is received simultaneously along each beam direction, and all parameters of operating part are phases
With.However in practice, it is had differences in the parameters of operating part of timing and such as inductance.This unbalanced consequence may be led
Increased power damage in unbalanced power distribution, negative-sequence current, DC- links circulation and switchgear between cause module
Consumption.
For example, when converter shares public DC- links, power inverter is coupled to be filtered to output power
Small imbalance between the power grid inductor of wave may lead to the ring in power inverter DC- links interlocking (inter-tie)
Stream.Imbalance in power grid inductor may be derived from the variation of quality of materials or derived from the production process during the making of component
Variation.Similarly, inductance unbalance may also may be with different length or with different placement or wiring in cable
In the case of cause.
Hereinafter, with reference to the embodiment of the present invention.It should be appreciated, however, that the implementation the present invention is not limited to specific descriptions
Example.It is --- whether related from different embodiments --- pre- but on the contrary, any combinations of following characteristics and element
Phase realizes and the practice present invention.
In addition, in embodiments, the present invention provides numerous advantages better than the prior art.However, the although present invention
Embodiment can realize the advantage that possible solution better than other and/or better than the prior art, but specific advantage
Whether by given embodiment realization, limitations are made to the present invention.Therefore, following aspect, feature, embodiment and advantage
It is only illustrative, and be not considered as the element or limitations on claims of claim, unless at (one or more
It is a) it is expressly recited in claim.Similarly, any invention disclosed herein is not necessarily to be construed as to the reference of " present invention "
Main body it is extensive, and the element or limitations on claims of claim are not considered as, unless at (one or more
It is a) it is expressly recited in claim.
In the first aspect, the inductance in a kind of three-phase AC electrical systems for being used to compensate wind turbine generator is provided
Unbalanced method, the electrical system include being coupled to the generator of the back-to-back power inverter of multiple parallel work-flows,
The power inverter is subsequently coupled to load, which receives electrical power and by electric work after the adjustment from generator
Rate is delivered to load, wherein, the electric current of every phase of three-phase AC electrical systems all by individual power cable or transmission cable come
Carrying, the method includes：It determines the inductance unbalance in three-phase electrical system, determine to select inductance based on inductance unbalance
Compensate equipment and in three-phase AC electrical systems planted agent inductance compensation equipment.
The electrical characteristic that compensation method as offer allows wind turbine to balance is run and operation.Using to one or
The addition of multiple inductance compensation equipment corrects unbalanced system (original state), to form the system of balance.
Maintenance test phase that can be by housebroken Service Technicians during the debugging of wind turbine or in arrangement
Between perform as method.As mentioned, such inductance unbalance is relatively common in mounted electrical system, and electricity
Factory operator tends to ignore this deviation in parts match or receives as common, leads to circulation.However, this
The inventor of invention is tested according to the present invention, once and have been noted that component is balanced, then observe ring
Stream is substantially reduced.
It is further noted that the system of balance will be more smooth and effectively run.Power flow is evenly distributed between online string,
DC- link fluctuations and other stress reduce, and thus the component in permission system works in the longer period.
Cable distribution and length and other factors (such as position in conduit, mutually binding, exchange of phase) influence together
The inductance balance of power cable and electrical system thus.If however, use the cable of equal length and if careful
Attentively placed and connected up, then compared with derived from the inductive imbalance of power chokes, derived from cable inductive not
Balance may be small.
When inductance compensation equipment is provided on power cable, this method solve the electricity that cable and cable attachment arrive
The inductance unbalance of both magnetic machines.It is also noted that if necessary to multiple compensation equipment, then compensate equipment and do not need to be placed on
Single position, but can be distributed on along several positions of cable.It reduce the possibilities of concentration cable overheat.
In embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is applied to the independent power cable in converter.When doing so, phase
Self-induction changed.To the controlled modification of self-induction allow compensate equipment to make electrical system balance effectively work.
In another embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is simultaneously applied on two or more power cables.At this
When doing, the self-induction of these phases and mutual inductance are all changed.Allow compensation equipment electrical to making the reasonable modification of self-induction and mutual inductance
System balancing effectively works.
In embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is applied on multiple power cables of any one of following configuration：Mutually
Coupling, positive coupling are to, reverse coupled to, the triplet of the triplet (triplet) of positive coupling, reverse coupled and double anti-
To right.Each configuration is all to the capacity of inductance and therefore provides specific feature to the balance of electrical system.
In embodiment, inductance compensation equipment can have similar inductance or they can have dissimilar electricity
Sense.
In embodiment, power cable can be primary to pass through inductance compensation equipment or alternatively, and power cable can enclose
Around core winding for several times.
In embodiment, determine that inductance unbalance includes the part of isolation three-phase electrical system and determines for circuit
The part every phase self-induction and mutual inductance.When the part of circuit is by external source forcing, inductance can be according to voltage and current
Measurement result and be determined.The source can be single-phase or three-phase.The source can be the source of resonant excitation.This allows electrical system
The part for including inductance unbalance is separately analyzed.It can carry out determining the accurate of inductance.In addition, it determines close to volume
Inductance at the levels of current of constant current allows the electrical characteristic of system desired during being determined to be in normal turbine operation.
Sinusoidal excitation with low distortion is used for maximum effectiveness.
In the second aspect of the present invention, providing a kind of three-phase alternating current (AC) for wind turbine generator is electrically
System, the electrical system includes being coupled to the generator of the back-to-back power inverter of multiple parallel work-flows and inductance is mended
Equipment is repaid, the power inverter is subsequently coupled to or is arranged to be subsequently coupled to load, and power inverter is arranged
To receive electrical power from generator and electrical power after the adjustment being delivered to load, the electric current of every phase of three-phase AC electrical systems
It is all carried by individual power cable, the inductance compensation equipment is applied on power cable electrical to solve three-phase AC
Inductance unbalance in system.
In embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is applied on a plurality of power cable.In a further embodiment, the first electricity
Sense compensation equipment is applied on power cable, and the second inductance compensation equipment is applied on a plurality of power cable.Another
In one embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is including the use of electric wire multiple inductors coupled to each other.Coupling line can have around every
A circle or multiturn for a inductor core.
In embodiment, electrical system includes the power grid inductor of the grid side for power inverter, and wherein, electricity
Sense compensation equipment is applied on the power cable between power grid inductor and power inverter.In another embodiment, it is electric
Gas system includes the generator filter inductor of the machine side for power inverter, and wherein, inductance compensation equipment quilt
It is applied on the power cable between generator wave filter and power inverter.Carry out the defeated of self generator with such be arranged in
Entering end and the output to transformer all allows balance of plant to the electrical system of power inverter.
In embodiment, wherein, inductance compensation equipment includes solid-state annular or tubular magnetic core.This design is simple, Shandong
Stick and cheap.The core directly slides on power cable, is achieved in the convenient tuning in situ to power chokes.Compensation
Equipment is intended to carry out fine tuning to inductance balance, is not intended to increase " big inductance " to inductor.In another embodiment
In, inductance compensation equipment includes the ring-shaped with small air gap.Inductance be partly by air gap distance come determining, it is described
Air gap distance is accurately set by punching press tolerance.Inductor is provided with fixed air gap to be not easy to become vibrated
Or it carries and forces and exceed tolerance.It is noted that air gap is resized to ensure flux density under all normal operating conditions
All remain it is low, to remain linear and prevent from overheating.In yet another embodiment, inductance compensation equipment includes integral heat sink piece.
Contribute to the cooling to core and the cable surrounded with such piece.
In another embodiment, inductance compensation equipment is made of heap lamination/lamination of silicon steel.Lamination reduces magnetic
Induct vortex, which thereby enhance efficiency and reduce hot generation.Other low-loss materials, such as ferrite, aluminium can also be used
Ferrosilicon powder and iron powder.In embodiment, inductance compensation equipment includes variable-air-gap inductor.
Allow calibrated variable inductance equipment accurately tuning coil with such variable-air-gap inductor.Variable gas
Gap inductor can remain inductance compensation equipment or can then be replaced by the fixation value inductor of standard.
In the third aspect of the present invention, a kind of wind turbine generator is provided, the wind turbine generator includes
The three-phase AC electrical systems of any one in the embodiment of three-phase AC electrical systems disclosed herein.
It is the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention to describing in attached drawing below.Embodiment is example and is detailed
Clearly to convey the present invention.However, the amount of the details provided is not intended to limit the expection modification to embodiment；But phase
Instead, the present invention is directed to cover the whole modifications fallen within the spirit and scope as defined by the claims of the present invention, equivalence side
Case and alternative.
Fig. 1 illustrates exemplary wind turbine generators according to the embodiment, also referred to as wind turbine 100.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, wind turbine 100 includes tower 110, nacelle 120 and rotor 130.In one embodiment of the invention, wind turbine 100 can
To be land wind turbine.However, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited only to land wind turbine.In alternative embodiment, wind
Power turbine 100 can be the offshore wind being positioned on water body (such as lake, sea etc.).Such offshore wind
Tower 110 is installed on sea bed or is stabilized on the platform on sea level or more.
The tower 110 of wind turbine 100, which can be configured as, lifts nacelle 120 and rotor 130 to a height, at the height
The air-flow of strong, less vortex and typically no obstruction can be received by rotor 130.The height of tower 110 can be arbitrary
Reasonable altitudes, and be considered as the length of the wind turbine blade extended from rotor 130.Tower 110 can be by any kind of
Material is made, such as steel, concrete etc..In some embodiments, tower 110 can be made of integral material.However, alternative
In embodiment, tower 110 can include multiple sections, for example, two or more lengths of steel pipes 111 and 112 as shown in Figure 1.At this
In some embodiments of invention, tower 110 can be screen work tower.Therefore, tower 110 can include welding steel profile.
Rotor 130 can include rotor hub (being hereinafter referred to as " hub ") 132 and at least one blade 140 (shows in Fig. 1
Three such blades 140 are gone out).Rotor hub 132, which can be configured as, to be coupled to axis by least one blade 140 and (does not show
Go out).In one embodiment, blade 140 can have aerodynamic property so that the blade 140 under predefined wind speed
Lift is undergone, thus blade is enabled to be rotated around hub.Hub 132 further includes the mechanism (not shown) for the pitch of regulation blade 140, with
Increase or reduce the amount for the wind energy that blade 140 captures.Regulation by pitch wind impacts the angle of blade 140.
Hub 132 typically surrounds the axis rotation along the basic horizontal of drive shaft extended from hub 132 to nacelle 120.Driving
Axis is commonly coupled to one or more of nacelle 120 component, and one or more of components are configured as the rotation of axis
Electric energy can be converted to.
Fig. 2 illustrates the three-phase electrical system 150 according to an embodiment of the invention for wind turbine.Blade 140 is caught
Wind energy is caught, wind energy is converted to mechanical energy by the rotation of drive shaft 142, to be converted into electric energy by generator 152.Generator
152 can be single feedback or dual feeding synchronous generator, permanent magnet generator, asynchronous generator or including any of stator winding
Other kinds of generator.Gearbox 144, if it is present by the low rotary speed of drive shaft 142 incrementally increase suitable for
Operate the high rotation speed of generator 152.The rotary speed of drive shaft 142 is typically in 10-20 rpms of range.Hair
The rotary speed of the rotor of motor 152 is typically significantly higher.The best rotary speed of the rotor of generator 152 depends on hair
The bulk properties and type of motor 152, and can be changed according to the number of the pole of generator 152.It may also be by using
It is suitable for the multipolar generator of the low rotary speed of drive shaft 142 and omits gearbox 144.In this case, drive shaft 142
It is directly coupled to generator 152.Alternative transmission can also be provided at drive shaft 142 rather than at gearbox, so as to
In driving generator 152 as needed.
In order to allow the various speed of drive shaft 142, deck power converter module 160 is connected to the stator of generator 152
Terminal 154.In this embodiment, power inverter 160 is exchange (AC)-AC power inverters.In some embodiments it is possible to
The generator side wave filter 176 being connected between generator 152 and power inverter 160 is provided.
Power inverter 160 includes generator side converter 162 of the operation for active pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier.Hair
The AC electrical power rectifications of motor side converter self generator in 162 future be direct current (DC) electrical power, direct current (DC) electrical power
Then electrical power is provided to DC links 164.DC links 164 include DC link capacitors 166, for making the work(on DC links 164
Counting smooth.DC links 164 can be alternatively different configurations, such as with inductor deposit or capacitor deposit.DC links
164 thereafter by DC power feeds to the power grid side converter 168 that operation is inverter, and power grid side converter 168 is exported in 3 phase AC
The power generated at end.Generator side converter 162 and power grid side converter 168 all include electronic switch, such as power is partly led
Body switchs and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in this embodiment.Use to other switches is also possible.
Component in power inverter 160 is usually controlled and is managed by power controller unit (not shown).
Every phase output terminal of power grid side converter 168 is coupled to power grid inductor 170, and power grid inductor 170 makes electricity
The electric current output smoothing of air cock, and the time delay created allows the appropriate control of power controller unit.Power grid electricity
Sensor 170 also serves as low pass bandwidth filter, and prevents the high fdrequency component from power grid from entering electrical system 150.Power grid electricity
Sensor 170 stores energy during a part for each switch periods, and returns the energy during the another part in period
Circuit is returned to, therefore makes electric current smooth.
The electrical system 150 of the present embodiment includes multiple similar deck power converter modules 160,190,192,194.Other
Embodiment can include any number of deck power converter module, rated power and electrical system depending on converter module
The power output wanted.
The output of deck power converter module is then fed to step-up transformer 174 by breaker 172.Breaker will be electric
Gas system 150 couples or uncoupling is to transformer and power grid.Transformer 174 makes the voltage of the electric power provided by electrical system 150
Predeterminated level is increased to, is in this case 33kV, this is suitable for making the loss during delivering to minimize.
Such including in the three-phase AC electrical systems 150 of multiple deck power converter modules 160,190,192,194, allusion quotation
It is expected to type to load shared concept, i.e. the desired power output of electrical system 150 will be similarly by the power in electrical system
Converter module provides.Carefully the power grid inductor 170 for being coupled to deck power converter module output terminal is tuned, with
It realizes being uniformly distributed for power, and reduces from a deck power converter module to another circulation.As noted above, the phase
Hope the inductance balance for the every phase for making each power grid inductor.
In order to provide balancing circuitry, which seeks to determine any imbalance in the inductance of power grid inductor, and
Them are solved followed by the inductance compensation equipment of supplement.
In this embodiment, the power grid inductor for being coupled to the three-phase output end of deck power converter module 160 has three columns
Inductor provides.Per phase winding have its self-induction and with other two-phase mutual coupling.Matrix (1) provides the reference to inductance.
Since magnetic circuit is identical, the mutual inductance between pairs of phase is equal.Also that is, Mab=Mba, Mac=McaAnd Mbc=Mcb.From
Feel Laa、LbbAnd LccWith different magnetic circuits, including flux leaking component.For complete equipilibrium, the self-induction per phase is equal.Class
As, the mutual coupling between difference is opposite should be equal, that is, Mab=Mbc=Mca.Manufacturer attempts by symmetric design and carefully
It assembles to minimize the difference of these inductance.However, in spite of these effort, some differences still there will be.Some of variation
Reason, such as quality of materials, generally except the directly controlling of manufacturer.
It is also noted that inductance changes with the variation of operating condition.For example, inductance changes with frequency.Especially in high frequency
When, the vortex in lamination reduces effective magnetic linkage.On the other hand, being not necessarily constrained to the flux leaking of core is differently influenced.
It is envisioned that the system in a frequency equilibrium may be in another frequency disequilibrium.
Inductance also changes with current loading.With H increases, magnetic flux density (B) is close to saturation and becomes increasingly
It is non-linear.Effective magnetic linkage similarly becomes more and more non-linear.Therefore in the system of a levels of current balance in another electric current
It is horizontal possible uneven.
In addition, inductance is partly dependent on temperature.During operation, the temperature raising of core, while the magnetic properties of material
Also change.Therefore environment temperature and methods for cooling can influence system balancing.
It is therefore preferred to smooth to hold the inductance in driving system to approach specified condition (electric current, temperature and frequency etc.)
Process, so as at the point of normal operation of system undergo balance inductance sexual system benefit.
For example, the air gap in a branch of let us imagination power grid inductor becomes slightly larger than others.This may be
The result of assembly error.In this scenario, preferably balance power grid chokes are not such for another example for the self-induction for all phases and mutual inductance
It is equal.In order to then inductor be made to balance again, need to change both mutual inductance and self-induction.
The mutual inductance between phase can be increased or reduced by the way that power cable is coupled forward or backwards.It can school in pairs
Positive mutual inductance.Then the inductance compensation equipment for having value in need is placed on respective opposite cable.When correcting mutual inductance,
Self-induction per phase is also changed.Subsequent step is then correction self-induction.It measures self-induction and applies required inductance compensation equipment.
Self-induction is independently corrected for every phase.Inductance compensation equipment with the value calculated is placed directly on electric power electricity
On cable.It is noted that changing self-induction in this way has no effect on mutual inductance.Therefore, the post-equalization being corrected first in mutual inductance
Self-induction.
Variable inductance equipment, such as variable-air-gap inductor can be used in the test and tuning to system.This allows
System is balanced, without power cable is disconnected from their terminal.Once having had reached rational balance, then electricity is disconnected
Variable inductance is removed and replaces them using cheap fixed inductance compensation equipment by power cable.
Inductance compensation equipment (tuning coil device) 184,186,188 is added to is coupled to electricity by power grid side converter 168
The power cable of net inductor 170.Physically, these tuning coil devices will be positioned in and accommodate the same of power grid inductor 170
In one metallic shield cabinet.In this way, Electromagnetic Launching is reduced.
Fig. 3 illustrates the part of the balance of electrical system 150.Inductance compensation equipment 184,186,188 is added to power
Power cable between converter 160 and power grid inductor 170.
Fig. 4 a illustrate a pair of of the phase conductor coupled with inductance compensation equipment according to another embodiment.According to the implementation
The tuning coil device 200 of example is the inductor for having linear hollow core, and the inductor is intended to and the phase conductor across core itself
It is used together.
In this embodiment, core is formed by thin lamination silicon steel sheet, and the core is stamped into (wide with small air gap 202
Degree may be 2-3mm) annular.Then tuning coil 200 is formed by stacking these ferromagnetic core stamping parts.It can be formed
The inductor of normal size.For example, pre-assembled standard core stacking can be 1 μ H, 2 μ H and 5 μ H.Air gap 202 be it is fixed simultaneously
And it is not easy to become vibrated or carry to force and exceed tolerance.Core stacking can be wrapped by (such as polyester, epoxides or
Dipped in other materials) to provide the protection to corrosion, and lamination is made to completely cut off with accidental short circuit.It is purport to again point out these
For the low inductive devices to the much bigger progress fine tuning of power grid inductor 170.
Tuning coil device core slides on cable as needed, so as to which the modification of the inductance of power grid choke and cable be expired
Prestige value.Core is designed to allow cable terminal lug across the hole in core.Therefore there are the needs for terminating cable again.Make mutually electricity
Cable independently provides self-induction correction across tuning coil device.Two mutually electricity are coupled by the same core of tuning coil device
Cable realizes mutual inductance correction.
Adjust the size of tuning coil device 200 so that flux density is held at saturation under all normal operating conditions
Below.Purpose is to prevent overheat and the damage to cable insulation.Temperature monitoring can be for security reasons incorporated to, however, generally
Serious current imbalance or current overload should be detected by the controller of supervision converter.
In high temperature application, it may be considered that alternative cable insulation, such as Teflon, silicones and glass.
The air gap of tuning coil device can be filled with non-magnetic material, partly be used for preventing unfixed metal object even
So enter the space, and part may be to closing effect possessed by cable core for reducing gap flux.
In the tuning coil device for designing the embodiment, it is to have that circular core section, which is considered in terms of core is utilized with Flux Distribution,
Profit.Size of the internal diameter by power cable and the gap away from air gap determine.Core size is also influenced by cooling requirement.Usually,
If outer diameter is smaller, surface area improves the ratio of volume.Smaller radius needs longer stack height to reach identical
Inductance.Accordingly, with respect to cooling, longer and relatively thin inductor is preferred.
The magnetic balance of choke and cable is changed in the placement of tuning coil device in many ways in different configurations.It can close
The modification is described in correction matrix, the correction matrix describes mutual inductance and how self-induction changes due to tuning coil device.
It is evident that a large amount of correction matrix can be formed.Any number of tuning coil device can be added to every phase.
In addition, tuning coil device can be decoupled or be coupled forward or backwards.It is primary that coupling cable can extend only through inductor, Huo Zheke
It is multiple with any one winding in inductor core.
Despite the presence of many modifications, but but for practical reasons, it is expected to use using the simple of inductor as few as possible
Configuration.
Fig. 5 a illustrate the first inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.The figure illustrates single inline inductors.This sets
It is standby to be dominated by following equation：
Vaa'=Mdia/dt
Fig. 5 b illustrate the second inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.The figure illustrates forward direction couplings pair, and characteristic can
To be provided by following equation：
Vaa'=Madia/dt+Madix/dt
Vbb'=Mbdib/dt+Mbdix/dt
Vaa'=Vbb'(rCable→0)
dix/ dt=(Mbdib/dt-Madia/dt)/(Ma+Mb)
It is obtained：
If however, take Ma=KMb, wherein 0<K<1, then obtain following equation：
Vaa'=(MK)/(1+K) dia/dt+(MK)/(1+K)dib/dt
Vbb'=(MK)/(1+K) dia/dt+(MK)/(1+K)dib/dt
Obtain following correction matrix：
Fig. 5 d illustrate reverse coupled pair, and characteristic can be provided by following equation：
Vaa'=Madia/dt+Madix/dt
Vbb'=Mbdib/dt-Mbdix/dt
Vaa'=-Vbb'(rCable→0)
dix/ dt=(- Mbdib/dt-Madia/dt)/(Ma+Mb)
Vaa'=Maia+Maix
Vbb'=Mbib-Mbix
Vaa'=-Vbb'
It is obtained：
Vaa'=Madia/dt[1-Ma/(Ma+Mb)]-(MaMbdib/dt)/(Ma+Mb)
Vbb'=Mbdib/dt[1-Mb/(Ma+Mb)]-(MaMbdia/dt)/(Ma+Mb)
If however, take Ma=KMb, wherein 0<K<1, then obtain following equation：
Vaa'=(MK)/(1+K) dia/dt-(MK)/(1+K)dib/dt
Vbb'=-(MK)/(1+K) dia/dt+(MK)/(1+K)dib/dt
Also correction matrix is obtained, and as follows：
Fig. 5 e illustrate the triplet of positive coupling according to the embodiment.In the configuration, there is no differential inductances.By
This, provides following equation：
ix=-ia, iy=ic(rCable→0)
ib+iy-ix=ia+ib+ic→0
Correction matrix is obtained, and as follows：
Fig. 5 e illustrate the 5th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.The figure illustrates the triplets of reverse coupled, carry
Following correction matrix is supplied：
Fig. 5 g illustrate the 6th inductance compensation equipment according to the embodiment.The figure illustrates it is double reversely it is right, provide as follows
Correction matrix：
It should be noted that the various embodiments of inductor compensation equipment are not restricted by.Different configurations may also be combined,
Such as phase A and phase B can form positive coupling pair, and phase B and phase C can form reverse coupled pair.Such combination allows
Along multi-direction manipulation correction matrix.However, despite the presence of many modifications, but for practical reasons, it is expected to use using as far as possible
The easy configuration of few inductor.
Return to the electrical system 150 of Fig. 2, it can be seen that inductive imbalance can reside in grid side (power grid inductor
170 and connecting cable) and generator side (differential filter 176 and connecting cable) the two on.In an embodiment of the present invention, it is electric
Feeling imbalance is determined and solves in the generator side of electrical system.
In grid side, inductance is relatively large.Such as in this embodiment, power grid inductor 170 is rated for such as 500 μ H.Its
Middle inductor tolerance is about the 5% of nominal inductance, and the inductor compensation equipment that balance is used in grid side is tended to relatively
Greatly, such as 0-20 μ H.In generator side, the inductance of wave filter and cable is relatively small, such as 40 μ H.In this way, it is balanced when in generator side
During inductance, inductance compensation equipment to be used will be significantly less than in grid side.This essence being balanced to generator side electric induction
Exactness proposes specific requirement.
Although the present invention is shown by the explanation to each embodiment, and although in considerable detail
These embodiments are described, but applicant is not intended to constrain the scope of the claims or be restricted in any way such
Details.Those skilled in the art will be readily appreciated that additional advantage and modification.
This method, the features described above of system and wind turbine generator and embodiment can be respectively by with various possible sides
Formula combines, and provides other advantageous embodiment.
Therefore, the present invention its broader aspect be not limited to detail that is shown and describing, exemplary process and
Illustrative example.Therefore, it can make and such details is deviated from, without departing from the essence of the general inventive concept of applicant
God and range.
Claims (20)
1. a kind of method of the inductance unbalance in electrical system of three-phase alternating current for being used to compensate wind turbine generator, described three
Phase alternating-current electric system includes being coupled to the electrical generator of the back-to-back power inverter of multiple parallel work-flows, the power
Converter is subsequently coupled to load, and the power inverter receives electrical power from the electrical generator and will after the adjustment
Electrical power is delivered to the load, wherein, the electric current of every phase of the electrical system of three-phase alternating current all passes through individually electrical electricity
Cable carries, the method includes：
Determine the inductance unbalance in the electrical system of the three-phase alternating current,
It determines to select inductance compensation equipment based on the inductance unbalance, and
The inductance compensation equipment is applied in the electrical system of the three-phase alternating current.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment is applied in electrical cable.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment is applied in a plurality of electrical cable.
4. according to the method for preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein, inductance compensation equipment is applied in electrical cable, and
Another inductance compensation equipment is applied in a plurality of electrical cable.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment is applied in any in following configuration
A plurality of electrical cable on：Mutual coupling, positive coupling to, reverse coupled to, the triplet of positive coupling, reverse coupled three
Body, it is double reversely to or combination thereof.
6. according to the method for preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein it is determined that the inductance unbalance includes intersecting described three
The part of stream electrical system is isolated into closed circuit and determines the inductance of every phase for the circuit.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, including by the power inverter and the electrical generator or the load
Between electric circuit isolation, and provide alternating current source to the closed circuit be isolated, and determine to intersect close to described three
Flow the inductance at the rated current of electrical system.
8. according to the method described in claim 6, wherein it is determined that self-induction and the mutual inductance of every phase.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, mutual inductance and the self-induction are directed in the electrical system of the three-phase alternating current
In specified point at the group of three-phase electrical cable and it is determined.
10. a kind of electrical system of three-phase alternating current for wind turbine generator, including：
Electrical generator, is coupled to the back-to-back power inverter of multiple parallel work-flows, the subsequent quilt of the power inverter
It is coupled to or is arranged to be subsequently coupled to load, the power inverter is arranged to receive from the electrical generator
Electrical power and electrical power after the adjustment is delivered to the load, the electric current of every phase of the electrical system of three-phase alternating current is all logical
Individual electrical cable is crossed carrying and
Inductance compensation equipment is applied to or is arranged to be applied in electrical cable, to solve the three-phase alternating current
Inductance unbalance in electrical system.
11. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment is applied to a plurality of
In electrical cable.
12. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the first inductance compensation equipment is applied to
In electrical cable, and another inductance compensation equipment is applied in a plurality of electrical cable.
13. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment including the use of
Electrical cable and multiple inductors coupled to each other.
14. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the electrical system of three-phase alternating current includes
For the power grid inductor of each power inverter output terminal, and wherein, inductance compensation equipment is applied to the power grid electricity
In electrical cable between sensor and the power inverter.
15. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the electrical system of three-phase alternating current includes
For the generator wave filter of each power inverter input terminal, and wherein, inductance compensation equipment is applied to the power generation
In electrical cable between machine wave filter and the power inverter.
16. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment includes linear
Hollow inductor.
17. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, the shape of the inductance compensation equipment is
Cylinder or ring with small air gap.
18. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 11, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment includes a folded multilayer
Punching silicon steel sheet.
19. the electrical system of three-phase alternating current according to claim 11, wherein, the inductance compensation equipment, which includes having, to be used for
Change the inductor that can adjust air gap of inductance.
20. a kind of wind turbine generator (100), including the three-phase alternating current according to any one of claim 10 to 19
Electrical system.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261733916P | 2012-12-06 | 2012-12-06 | |
| DKPA201270761 | 2012-12-06 | ||
| DKPA201270761 | 2012-12-06 | ||
| US61/733,916 | 2012-12-06 | ||
| PCT/DK2013/050399 WO2014086363A2 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-25 | A three-phase ac electrical system, and a method for compensating an inductance imbalance in such a system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104854784A CN104854784A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| CN104854784B true CN104854784B (en) | 2018-06-26 |
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ID=50884088
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380063484.8A Active CN104854784B (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-25 | Three-phase AC electrical systems and the method for compensating the inductance unbalance in such system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9500182B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2929623A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104854784B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN2015DN04218A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014086363A2 (en) |
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| FI125287B (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-08-14 | Fortum Oyj | System and method for connecting a single-phase power source to a multi-phase power grid |
| WO2016137759A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | Otis Elevator Company | Interposition inductor arrangement for multiple drives in parallel |
| DE102017112958A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-13 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Wind turbine with gearless generator and generator filter |
| DE102017117888A1 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-07 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Electronic circuit with a half-bridge circuit and a voltage clamping element |
| DE102017121655A1 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-21 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Wind energy plant with power-dependent filter device |
| US10840825B2 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2020-11-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Voltage balance control method and device for three-phase DC-AC inverter |
| US10644500B2 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2020-05-05 | Ge Global Sourcing Llc | Ceramic permanent magnet protection |
| EP3726724B1 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2023-12-13 | ConverterTec Deutschland GmbH | Device for creating electrical energy and method |
| EP3905472A1 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-03 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. | Wind turbine electrical power generating system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150308412A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
| IN2015DN04218A (en) | 2015-10-16 |
| WO2014086363A2 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
| EP2929623A2 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
| US9500182B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
| CN104854784A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| WO2014086363A3 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
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