CN104853280A - Microphone with expandable dynamic range and control method thereof - Google Patents
Microphone with expandable dynamic range and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104853280A CN104853280A CN201410050312.3A CN201410050312A CN104853280A CN 104853280 A CN104853280 A CN 104853280A CN 201410050312 A CN201410050312 A CN 201410050312A CN 104853280 A CN104853280 A CN 104853280A
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Abstract
The invention provides a microphone with an expandable dynamic range, which comprises the components of a microphone chip, a charge pump circuit, a pre-buffer amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a testing control circuit and an adjustable capacitor array. The testing control circuit is used for testing an acoustic pressure which is input from outside and controlling the sensitivity of the microphone chip for attenuating or restoring. The adjustable capacitor array is controlled by the testing control circuit and is converted between the grounding end and the IN end of the microphone. The invention further provides a control method for the microphone with the expandable dynamic range, which comprises the steps of S1, converting and amplifying an input signal by means of the pre-buffer amplifier; S2, converting an input analog signal to a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter; and S3, testing the amplitude of the acoustic pressure which is output from the analog-to-digital converter through the testing control circuit, and adjusting the sensitivity of the microphone through controlling the number of capacitor switch units which are connected with the adjustable capacitor array.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microphone techniques, particularly a kind of microphone of easily extensible dynamic range and control method thereof.
Background technology
It is little that MEMS microphone has volume, can the advantage such as Reflow Soldering surface mount and be widely used in the consumer electronics field such as mobile phone, notebook computer, panel computer.The core of MEMS microphone system is made up of MEMS microphone chip and signal processing chip two parts.MEMS microphone chip completes the conversion of voice signal to capacitance change signal, and signal processing chip completes capacitance change signal to the conversion of voltage signal and amplification.
Namely the acoustic pressure overload point of common microphone allows the maximum sound pressure inputted to be 120dBSPL, and at this moment MEMS microphone system has produced larger distortion (THD+N is greater than 10%), have impact on the quality of sound.At some special occasions, such as KTV, rock and roll concert scene etc., acoustic pressure may be greater than 120dBSPL.Common microphone can not meet tonequality demand now, and when needing the microphone of more high dynamic range to ensure that large acoustic pressure inputs, the distortion of signal is smaller.Corresponding to system configuration, sound is also made up of two parts to the distortion in signal of telecommunication transfer process, the distortion of MEMS microphone chip and the distortion of signal processing circuit, and the ratio that the latter accounts for is great.The distortion of MEMS microphone chip is non-linear the causing by the variable quantity of electric capacity and the displacement of chip vibrating diaphragm, generally smaller.The distortion of signal processing circuit is because the reasons such as or analog to digital converter (ADC) saturated from the input signal amplitude excessive generation clamper of MEMS microphone chip, amplifier is saturated cause, and is the principal element of restriction microphone system dynamic range.
In sum, how to improve the dynamic range of microphone, reduce distortion, become the technical problem that those skilled in the art are urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the shortcoming that existing microphone can distinguish little, the easy distortion of acoustic pressure scope, provide that a kind of scope of application is wider, the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range and control method thereof.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, first the present invention proposes a kind of microphone of easily extensible dynamic range, comprising:
Microphone chip, for being converted into capacitance change signal by voice signal; The pin of described microphone chip comprises BIAS offset side and IN input;
Charge pump circuit, is connected to the BIAS offset side of described microphone chip, for described microphone chip provides bias voltage;
Front end buffer circuit, is connected with the IN input of described microphone chip, for realizing the amplification of convert of capacitor to voltage and signal;
Analog to digital converter, is connected with described front end buffer circuit, for analog signal is converted to digital signal;
Detection control circuit, is connected with described analog to digital converter, for detecting the acoustic pressure of extraneous input; When detecting that acoustic pressure reaches high sound pressure threshold value, the sensitivity of described microphone chip is decayed; When detecting that acoustic pressure reaches low acoustic pressure threshold value, recover the sensitivity of described microphone chip;
Tunable capacitor array, one end connects the BIAS end of described microphone chip, the other end is by the control of described detection control circuit, and conversion between the earth terminal and the IN end of microphone chip of described microphone, to complete decay to the sensitivity of described microphone chip and recovery.
According to the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, described tunable capacitor array comprises multiple capacitance switch unit be in parallel, and each capacitance switch unit comprises a decay electric capacity and a tandem tap.
According to the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, the output signal of described analog to digital converter comprises pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal; When outputing signal as pulse density modulated signals, described detection control circuit determines whether to reach threshold value by the percentage detected in the set time shared by high level, and described threshold value can be specified in advance by designer; When outputing signal as pulse code modulation signal, then whether described detection control circuit direct-detection reaches threshold value.
According to the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, described tunable capacitor array adopts binary coding mode to control, and the number of required control signal is: N=log
2p, wherein P is the number of capacitance switch unit in parallel.
According to the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, the time that described tunable capacitor array increases at every turn or reduces needed for a capacitance switch unit is:
T=t
1/ 2
nor t=t
2/ 2
n;
The step-length of the change of sensitivity of described microphone chip is: S=B/2
n;
T in above formula
1for the start-up time needed for sensitivity decay; t
2for the release time needed for sensitivity recovery; B is gain ranging.
In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range, comprises the following steps:
S1: use front end buffer circuit change input signal and amplify;
S2: use analog to digital converter that the analog signal of input is converted to digital signal;
S3: the amplitude being exported acoustic pressure by detection control electric circuit inspection analog to digital converter, adjusts the sensitivity of microphone by the number controlling the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array.
According to the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, the method controlling tunable capacitor array in step S3 is: when the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches high sound pressure threshold value, increases the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the decay of sensitivity of microphone; When the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches low acoustic pressure threshold value, reduce the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the recovery of sensitivity of microphone.
According to the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, the output signal of described analog to digital converter comprises pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal.
According to the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, when the output signal of analog to digital converter is pulse density modulated signals, described detection control circuit determines whether to reach threshold value by the percentage detected in the set time shared by high level, and described threshold value can be specified in advance by designer.
According to the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, when the output signal of analog to digital converter is pulse code modulation signal, whether described detection control circuit direct-detection reaches threshold value.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention realizes the expansion of microphone dynamic range by introducing tunable capacitor array.When detecting that the voice signal of input reaches high sound pressure threshold value, the present invention can enable tunable capacitor array with the sensitivity of the MEMS microphone that decays, and makes the circuit being already operated in limiting condition get back to normal operating state; When detecting that the voice signal of input starts lower than low acoustic pressure threshold value, the present invention can close capacitor array makes the sensitivity of MEMS microphone get back to normal value.Utilize the present invention that microphone can be made to have the dynamic range of 110dB, the Speech input of maximum support 140dBSPL, the microphone of more general 90dB dynamic range maximum support 120dB Speech input has the wider scope of application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit model of known microphone system;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of microphone system in prior art 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure diagram of microphone system in prior art 2;
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram of microphone of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of microphone control method of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the regulation and control schematic diagram of sensitivity of microphone of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Please first consulting Fig. 1, is the circuit model figure of current known microphone system.This system is made up of MEMS microphone chip 101 and signal processing circuit (102,103,104) two parts.Wherein 102 is simulation prebuffers, and 103 is analog to digital converters, and 104 is the charge pump circuits producing MEMS bias voltage.Two pin BIAS offset sides 105 of MEMS microphone chip export with the charge pump circuit 104 of signal processing chip respectively with IN input 106 and are connected with the input of simulating enlarge leadingly 102.N-diode 107 is connected with the input pin of microphone chip with the input of analog preamplifier with P type diode 108, and input direct-current is stabilized in about 0V.Charge pump circuit 104 is for generation of a bias voltage V higher than supply voltage
biasnear 0.7 times that MEMS is biased in pick-up voltage.
For desirable microphone model, according to principle of charge conservation, can obtain:
V in above formula
biasfor bias voltage, V
infor input voltage; C
0for the initial capacitance of microphone chip 101, its numerical value is approximately 1 ~ 3pF; Δ C is the capacitance change that microphone chip 101 produces when there being extraneous acoustic pressure.
After abbreviation, the voltage of IN input 106 is:
For common microphone system, when there being 94dBSPL voice signal to input, V
inamplitude be approximately 10mV; When there being 120dBSPL voice signal to input, V
inamplitude be 200mV; When there being 140dBSPL voice signal to input, V
inamplitude be 2V.Because the conducting voltage of diode is approximately 0.6V, therefore N-diode 107 and P type diode 108 are while providing the input direct-current point of high resistant, also by input signal clamper between-0.6V to 0.6V.Therefore when input signal amplitude causes serious distortion higher than inevitable during 0.6V due to clamper.Even if do not use diode to the 0V direct current biasing providing IN to hold, larger input signal also can cause that inner amplifier is saturated or ADC is saturated, thus produces distortion.Therefore want the system constructing high dynamic range, just need to reduce signal from input, namely reduce the sensitivity of MEMS microphone.
Prior art 1(US2011/0142261) disclose one by reducing bias voltage V
biasreduce the method for sensitivity of microphone.As shown in Figure 2, the circuit structure of prior art 1 comprises MEMS microphone 201, for carrying out signal Hyblid Buffer Amplifier and analog-to-digital signal processing circuit 202, control circuit 203, offset generating circuit 205 and input impedance circuit 204.When control circuit 203 detects that signal increases to certain threshold value, send control signal to bias-voltage generating circuit 205, bias voltage is reduced, sensitivity of microphone declines; When control circuit 203 detects that signal is reduced to certain threshold value, send control signal to bias-voltage generating circuit 205, bias voltage is raised, and sensitivity of microphone returns to normal level.
Problem when prior art 1 is implemented is, the rising and falling time of bias voltage is longer, makes microphone system to the response of large acoustic pressure not in time, causes subjective sense of hearing bad.In addition, with technology general in the industry, because the adjustability of bias voltage often introduces larger noise, microphone also can be more weaker than the microphone property of fixing bias voltage when working at ordinary times.
Prior art 2(CN102845079) disclose the system that another kind can reduce sensitivity of microphone.Its circuit structure as shown in Figure 3, comprises MEMS microphone 11, ADC12, attenuation control circuit 32, amplitude limit observation circuit 30, input impedance circuit 24 and programmable capacitor array 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d.Prior art 2 is by increasing C
0method reduce the sensitivity of microphone.In being flowed by the PDM exported ADC, the number of monitoring " 1 " determines to reach the threshold value of amplitude limit monitoring, when not reaching the threshold value of amplitude limit monitoring, and two ends all ground connection of capacitor array, the sensitivity of MEMS is normal; After reaching threshold value, open capacitor array switch 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d, capacitor array is connected in parallel between the input of MEMS and ground, thus increase initial capacitance value.
C is increased in prior art 2
0the method method that changes bias voltage than prior art 1 more easily implement, and flaw acoustically can not be brought because the transformation period of bias voltage is short not.But its weak point is that electric capacity utilance is lower.In fact, in order to by dynamic range expansion 20dB, 9 times of the electric capacity of needs the chances are MEMS electric capacity.General MEMS electric capacity is 1 ~ 3pF, therefore usually probably needs the electric capacity of 9 ~ 27pF.This part capacity area is comparatively large, correspondingly, occupies more resources of chip.In the scheme of document 2, when acoustic pressure is low, the two ends of this part electric capacity all ground connection, does not have Appropriate application.
Taking into full account that prior art 1 is with on the pluses and minuses basis of prior art 2, the present invention proposes a kind of MEMS microphone sensitivity control program of easily extensible dynamic range.As everyone knows, the electric capacity C of MEMS microphone
0in fact two parts are comprised, effective capacitance C and parasitic capacitance Cp.Voice signal can only cause the change in proportion of effective capacitance C, i.e. Δ C=ε C; Parasitic capacitance Cp then can not change by the impact of voice signal, and this part electric capacity causes the loss of sensitivity of microphone just.Generally, technical staff will reduce Cp, to realize higher signal to noise ratio when design microphone as far as possible.The present invention make use of the problem will evaded in usual microphone design just, by hold at the bias voltage BIAS of MEMS microphone and input IN holds parallel parasitic capacitance Cp to reduce large acoustic pressure time MEMS microphone sensitivity.
After introducing Cp, formula (3) can be changed into:
With prior art 2 thinking unlike, the present invention is when low acoustic pressure, load capacitance Cp being received bias voltage BIAS holds between ground, by increasing the load capacitance of bias voltage, the noise bandwidth of bias voltage can be reduced, reduce the noise of bias voltage, thus when low acoustic pressure Appropriate application Cp electric capacity to optimize the overall performance of microphone.
Introduce microphone circuit structure of the present invention below in detail.As shown in Figure 4, microphone of the present invention is made up of MEMS microphone chip 301 and signal processing circuit (comprising 302,303,304,305,306) two parts.Form in the module of signal processing circuit, 302 is front end buffer circuits, realize CV conversion and signal amplification, 303 is analog to digital converters, 304 charge pump circuits being to provide bias voltage, and 305 is detection and control circuit, be responsible for monitoring acoustic pressure whether reach threshold value and control whether to decay to MEMS sensitivity, 306 is tunable capacitor arrays, is made up of multiple capacitance switch unit be in parallel, and each capacitance switch unit comprises a decay electric capacity and a tandem tap.The BIAS307 end of one termination MEMS microphone chip 301 of tunable capacitor array 306, one end is examined in addition and the control of control circuit 305, connect the IN308 end of MEMS microphone chip 301 when high sound pressure input (higher than high sound pressure threshold value VH), the sensitivity of MEMS microphone chip 301 is decayed; The ground connection when low acoustic pressure input (lower than low acoustic pressure threshold value VL), increases the load capacitance of charge pump 304, reduces the bandwidth of bias voltage, reduces the noise of bias voltage, is conducive to system and obtains higher signal to noise ratio.
Tunable capacitor array 306 of the present invention adopts binary coding mode to control, and the number of required control signal is: N=log
2p, wherein P is the number of capacitance switch unit in parallel.
Tunable capacitor array 306 increases at every turn or the time reduced needed for a capacitance switch unit is:
T=t
1/ 2
nor t=t
2/ 2
n; The step-length of the change of sensitivity of described microphone chip is: S=B/2
n;
T in above formula
1for the start-up time needed for sensitivity decay; t
2for the release time needed for sensitivity recovery; B is gain ranging.
Corresponding with above-mentioned microphone, the present invention additionally provides a kind of microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range simultaneously, and as shown in Figure 5, its step comprises:
S1: use front end buffer circuit change input signal and amplify;
S2: use analog to digital converter that the analog signal of input is converted to digital signal;
S3: the amplitude being exported acoustic pressure by detection control electric circuit inspection analog to digital converter, adjusts the sensitivity of microphone by the number controlling the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array.
The method wherein controlling tunable capacitor array in step S3 is: when the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches high sound pressure threshold value, increases the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the decay of sensitivity of microphone; When the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches low acoustic pressure threshold value, reduce the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the recovery of sensitivity of microphone.
In order to ensure good sense of hearing, the present invention formulates the following rules: when the output of analog to digital converter is pulse density modulated (PDM) signal, the percentage of detection control electric circuit inspection a period of time interior " 1 ", if the percentage of " 1 " reaches 56.2%, namely reach output-5dBFS during high sound pressure threshold value.When the output of analog to digital converter is pulse code modulation (pcm) signal, then direct-detection exports and reaches-5dBFS.At this moment testing circuit can send signal at next zero crossing to control circuit, makes the switching of switch all occur in signal zero crossing, ensures the continuity of input direct-current.
Fig. 6 gives the present invention the regulation and control schematic diagram for sensitivity of microphone.As shown in Figure 6, when high sound pressure threshold value refers to that acoustic pressure changes from low to high, capacitor array switch closes, input sound pressure level during sensitivity of microphone decay.When low acoustic pressure threshold value refers to that acoustic pressure changes from high to low, capacitor array switch disconnects, input sound pressure level when sensitivity of microphone recovers normal.High sound pressure threshold value is set in the present invention higher than low acoustic pressure threshold value, the sound that can not produce click click when sound pressure variations is violent can be made.Gain ranging refers to when inputting acoustic pressure and reaching high sound pressure threshold value, to the scope of sensitivity of microphone decay, which determines the degree of dynamic range expansion.Such as gain ranging is-20dB, and so dynamic range can increase 20dB on original basis.
When inputting acoustic pressure and reaching high sound pressure threshold value, control circuit receives the signal that testing circuit sends, and is closed one by one by the switch of control capacitance array, within start-up time, and certain gain ranging that sensitivity of microphone is decayed.When input acoustic pressure is reduced to low acoustic pressure threshold value, sensitivity of microphone, by first keeping a period of time (retention time), then within release time, is returned to original numerical value by control circuit.
In sum, according to microphone and the control method thereof of easily extensible dynamic range provided by the invention, when the voice signal inputted reaches high sound pressure threshold value, such as during 115dBSPL, the present invention can enable tunable capacitor array with the sensitivity of the MEMS microphone that decays, and makes the circuit being already operated in limiting condition get back to normal operating state; When the voice signal inputted starts lower than low acoustic pressure threshold value, such as, during 110dBSPL, the present invention can close capacitor array makes the sensitivity of MEMS microphone get back to normal value.The present invention can realize the dynamic range of 110dB, the Speech input of maximum support 140dBSPL, and the microphone of more general 90dB dynamic range maximum support 120dB Speech input has the wider scope of application.
Above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a microphone for easily extensible dynamic range, is characterized in that, comprising:
Microphone chip, for being converted into capacitance change signal by voice signal; The pin of described microphone chip comprises BIAS offset side and IN input;
Charge pump circuit, is connected to the BIAS offset side of described microphone chip, for described microphone chip provides bias voltage;
Front end buffer circuit, is connected with the IN input of described microphone chip, for realizing the amplification of convert of capacitor to voltage and signal;
Analog to digital converter, is connected with described front end buffer circuit, for analog signal is converted to digital signal;
Detection control circuit, is connected with described analog to digital converter, for detecting the acoustic pressure of extraneous input; When detecting that acoustic pressure reaches high sound pressure threshold value, the sensitivity of described microphone chip is decayed; When detecting that acoustic pressure reaches low acoustic pressure threshold value, recover the sensitivity of described microphone chip;
Tunable capacitor array, one end connects the BIAS end of described microphone chip, the other end is by the control of described detection control circuit, and conversion between the earth terminal and the IN end of microphone chip of described microphone, to complete decay to the sensitivity of described microphone chip and recovery.
2. the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tunable capacitor array comprises multiple capacitance switch unit be in parallel, and each capacitance switch unit comprises a decay electric capacity and a tandem tap.
3. the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the output signal of described analog to digital converter comprises pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal; When outputing signal as pulse density modulated signals, described detection control circuit determines whether to reach by the percentage detected in the set time shared by high level the threshold value preset; When outputing signal as pulse code modulation signal, then whether described detection control circuit direct-detection reaches the threshold value preset.
4. the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described tunable capacitor array adopts binary coding mode to control, and the number of required control signal is: N=log
2p, wherein P is the number of capacitance switch unit in parallel.
5. the microphone of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the time that described tunable capacitor array increases at every turn or reduces needed for a capacitance switch unit is:
T=t
1/ 2
nor t=t
2/ 2
n;
The step-length of the change of sensitivity of described microphone chip is: S=B/2
n;
T in above formula
1for the start-up time needed for sensitivity decay; t
2for the release time needed for sensitivity recovery; B is gain ranging.
6. a microphone control method for easily extensible dynamic range, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: use front end buffer circuit change input signal and amplify;
S2: use analog to digital converter that the analog signal of input is converted to digital signal;
S3: the amplitude being exported acoustic pressure by detection control electric circuit inspection analog to digital converter, adjusts the sensitivity of microphone by the number controlling the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array.
7. the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the method controlling tunable capacitor array in step S3 is: when the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches high sound pressure threshold value, increases the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the decay of sensitivity of microphone; When the acoustic pressure that analog to digital converter exports reaches low acoustic pressure threshold value, reduce the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the recovery of sensitivity of microphone.
8. the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the output signal of described analog to digital converter comprises pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal.
9. the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, when the output signal of analog to digital converter is pulse density modulated signals, described detection control circuit determines whether to reach the threshold value preset by the percentage detected in the set time shared by high level.
10. the microphone control method of easily extensible dynamic range according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, when the output signal of analog to digital converter is pulse code modulation signal, described in described detection control circuit direct-detection, whether pulse code modulation signal reaches threshold value.
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