CN104851345A - Human anatomy teaching system - Google Patents
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- CN104851345A CN104851345A CN201510106200.XA CN201510106200A CN104851345A CN 104851345 A CN104851345 A CN 104851345A CN 201510106200 A CN201510106200 A CN 201510106200A CN 104851345 A CN104851345 A CN 104851345A
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a human anatomy teaching system. The teaching system comprises a human anatomy structure demonstration subsystem, a human anatomy simulation exercise subsystem, a human anatomy live-action observation subsystem, and a human anatomy examination subsystem. By the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the human anatomy teaching system are that the human anatomy structure can be deeply understood by students, students can rapidly grasp methods and steps of human anatomy, the learning efficiency and accuracy for human anatomy for students can be improved, the complexity of practical teaching preparation can be reduced, and the manpower and material resources are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer network and medical technology, in particular, a kind of human anatomy teaching system based on computer network.
Background technology
Human dissection teaching is the important basic teaching of clinical medicine practise teaching, teaching object covers face width, large to the demand of cadaver sample, there is teaching number in reality and increase the dual-pressure reduced with cadaver sample source, be difficult to provide the cadaver sample of sufficient amount and great variety of goods for students practise operation, greatly constrain the practical teaching effect of human dissection teaching.
Human dissection teaching needs student being fully familiar with the idiographic flow of all kinds of human organ dissection, the ins and outs understood in human dissection process before the class; guarantee can dissect operation accurately to cadaver sample in field research; otherwise often there will be damage sample; reduce sample access times, increase instruction cost.Further, also needing student can repeat to look back anatomic course after class, particularly can carry out again or repeatedly practising to key link, examination assessment can be carried out in time, and these demands being also difficult to carry out usually because there is no enough sample guarantees.
For this reason, need to provide a kind of human anatomy teaching system, computer simulation technique and the network communications technology can be made full use of, build anthropotomical virtual teaching environment, solve the practical difficulty that cadaver sample application is not enough, improve the actual effect of human dissection teaching.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention mainly solves be not enough for cadaver sample application and human dissection teaching careful preparation and after class assessment mode amount large, organize and implement the practical difficulties such as difficulty, provide a kind of different system for human body, position and organ etc. to carry out the system of anatomic teaching.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: provide a kind of human anatomy teaching system, interconnected computing machine Network Based is adopted to carry out web-based teaching, comprise the teacher's manipulation end be installed on server computer and the student's use side be installed on subscriber computer, this teacher's manipulation end and this student's use side carry out interoperability and information sharing by network, it is characterized in that, this human anatomy teaching system comprises: human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem, for demonstrating the physiological structure of each organoid of human body; Human dissection does simulated exercises subsystem, dissects flow process and body local dissects flow process for the body system that does simulated exercises; Human dissection outdoor scene views and emulates subsystem, for showing the dissection outdoor scene of each organoid of human body; Human dissection examination subsystem, the theory for each organoid of human body is examined or/and dissect simulating examination.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this teacher's manipulation end comprises hardware cryptographic devices, and this hardware cryptographic devices is provided with the key controlling this human anatomy teaching system and can normally use.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem comprises the plane picture and text demonstration module of the physiological structure of all kinds of human organ, flash demo module, three-dimensional model demonstration module, sample demonstration module in kind and/or tomography demonstration module.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this tomography demonstration module comprises brain tomography demonstration submodule, this brain tomography demonstration submodule comprises from left to right, from front to back, the brain faultage image in 3 directions from top to bottom, and the sectional slice of human brain sample.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this human dissection subsystem that does simulated exercises comprises body system and dissects do simulated exercises module and body local and dissect the module that does simulated exercises.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, body system dissects the module that does simulated exercises and comprises bone and bony union, bone of body and link thereof, arm bone and link thereof, leg bone and link thereof, the Overall View of cranium and link thereof, skull is separated, trunk muscles and neck flesh, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, peritonaeum and perineum, heart, artery, vein and lymphatic system, visual organ, vestibulocochlear organ, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon, akrencephalon, spinal nerve, cranial nerve, visceral nervous system, Sensory conduction path, movement conduction path, the tunicle of brain and spinal cord, blood vessel and cerebrospinal fluid circulation and gland dissect the submodule that does simulated exercises, and this body local is dissected the module that does simulated exercises and comprised anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region, medial area before stock, before arm and anterior antebrachial region, anterolateral crural district, back shallow-layer and omoplate back of the body district, stern district and posterior region of thigh, after arm and posterior antebrachial region, popliteal nest and posterior crural region, hand, foot, the wall of the chest and open chest and get lung, vertical diaphragm, lateral wall before abdomen, peritonaeum and abdominal exploration, district on colon, colon inferior segment and spatia retroperitonaeale, pelvic cavity and perineum, neck, face shallow-layer and the dark district of face, open cranium to get brain and dissect and to do simulated exercises submodule.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region are dissected the submodule that does simulated exercises and are comprised dissecting tool options, dissect route choosing item, dissect degree of depth options.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this human dissection outdoor scene is viewed and emulated subsystem and is comprised: prepare before dissecting to view and emulate module; Dissect skill and technique and view and emulate module; Dissect aftertreatment and view and emulate module.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, prepare to view and emulate module before this dissection and comprise: wear off operating coat option, wear off barrier gown option, wear sterile gloves option, art of changing dressings option.
In another embodiment of human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, this human dissection examination subsystem comprises: exam pool module; Managing test paper module; Examination grading module.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by from planimetric map, stereoscopic model provides the physiological structure feature of each organ of human body to sample in kind comprehensively, again by the familiar with anatomy teaching process that does simulated exercises to each topography of human body, there is provided the reality scene of actual dissection so that anatomy details to be described, and can the timely laboratory teaching effect of online exam be passed through, contribute to student and deeply understand human anatomic structure, the anthropotomical method step of very fast grasp, improve student's human anatomy learning efficiency and accuracy, be conducive to the complexity reducing practical teaching preparation, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition diagram according to human anatomy teaching system one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the composition diagram unifying embodiment according to the human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 unifies the composition diagram of embodiment according to the subsystem that does simulated exercises of the human dissection in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 views and emulates according to the human dissection outdoor scene in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention the composition diagram that subsystem unifies embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the composition diagram unifying embodiment according to the human dissection examination subsystem in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram according to human body anatomic teaching method one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 demonstrates according to entering human anatomic structure in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention the process flow diagram that subsystem carries out teaching one embodiment.
Fig. 8 carries out the process flow diagram of teaching one embodiment according to entering the human dissection subsystem that does simulated exercises in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram according to carrying out anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention and dissect the embodiment that does simulated exercises.
Figure 10 enters human dissection outdoor scene according to human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention to view and emulate the process flow diagram that subsystem carries out teaching one embodiment.
Figure 11 enters according to human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention the process flow diagram that human dissection examination subsystem carries out examination one embodiment.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in more detail.Preferred embodiment of the present invention is given in accompanying drawing.But the present invention can realize in many different forms, is not limited to the embodiment described by this instructions.On the contrary, provide the object of these embodiments be make the understanding of disclosure of the present invention more comprehensively thorough.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technology that this instructions uses and scientific terminology are identical with belonging to the implication that those skilled in the art of the present invention understand usually.The object of term used in the description of the invention just in order to describe specific embodiment is not for limiting the present invention.The term "and/or" that this instructions uses comprises arbitrary and all combinations of one or more relevant Listed Items.
Human anatomy teaching system of the present invention is the tutoring system that interconnected computing machine Network Based is formed, and can carry out web-based teaching.Wherein, comprise the teacher's manipulation end be installed on server computer and the student's use side be installed on subscriber computer, this teacher's manipulation end and this student's use side carry out interoperability and information sharing by network.
Preferably, teacher's control end is provided with cryptographic means, this cryptographic means both can be software cryptography also can be hardware encipher, software cryptography can be realized by the licencing key with Use Limitation, and hardware encipher adopts USB flash disk or wireless Internet card to realize, only when USB flash disk or wireless Internet card insert the computing machine of teacher's control end, this human body teaching analyzing system could normally use, and the key that USB flash disk or wireless Internet card store can arrange certain encryption timeliness, as 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years etc., exceed key expires after this Use Limitation, need more new key, when adopting wireless Internet card as encryption device, the mode that more new key can adopt radio communication to load new key realizes.
Preferably, when teacher's manipulation end and student's use side carry out interoperability by network, teacher's manipulation end can carry out screen locking and unlocking operation to student's use side, this function can make student cannot operate the computing machine of student's use side in teacher explains's process, there is maloperation in the process middle school student that avoid giving lessons, improves the focus that teacher explains and student pay attention to the class.In addition, teacher's control end can also be nullified student's use side, shut down, the operation such as to restart controls, and being convenient to carry out unified management to student's use side, the computing machine of student's use side can being avoided to be in open state for a long time because forgetting shutdown.
Preferably, teacher's manipulation end and student's use side all grab screen prohibiting function, this function refers to when using human anatomy teaching system of the present invention, for any one interface of display screen display, when using " Print Screen " button on computer keyboard or have the button of similar functions or Macintosh to operate, the displaying contents of this display interface cannot be obtained.
Teacher's manipulation end and student's use side comprise again four subsystems further, that is: human anatomic structure demonstrates subsystem, human dissection does simulated exercises subsystem, human dissection outdoor scene views and emulates subsystem and human dissection examination subsystem.Fig. 1 shows the composition diagram of human anatomy teaching system one embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG, human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem 11, for demonstrating the physiological structure of each organoid of human body, for human body anatomic teaching is provided fundamental basis; Human dissection does simulated exercises subsystem 12, dissects flow process and body local dissects flow process, for human body anatomic teaching provides the means of doing simulated exercises for the body system that does simulated exercises; Human dissection outdoor scene views and emulates subsystem 13, for showing the dissection outdoor scene of each organoid of human body, for human body anatomic teaching provides real scene to reproduce; Human dissection examination subsystem 14, the theory for human dissection teaching is examined or/and dissect simulating examination.Above-mentioned four subsystems both can independently use, and also can integrally use.
The embodiment of human anatomy teaching system shown in Fig. 1 provides anthropotomical virtual teaching system, both can use at classroom teaching, also may be used for students self study to use, for student's comprehensive learning and mastering human organ physiological structure and anatomic method provide the technological means can learned, can practice, can examine, be conducive to student and learn anthropotomical basic skills quickly, improve teaching efficiency.
Composition and the effect of above-mentioned four subsystems is illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Fig. 2 is that the human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention unifies the composition diagram of embodiment.In this embodiment, human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem 21 comprises further: picture and text demonstration module 211, three-dimensional model demonstration module 212, flash demo module 213, sample demonstration module 214 in kind and tomography demonstration module 215.
Wherein, picture and text demonstration module 211 is physiological structure compositions that the various organ of human body is described by high-resolution planar coloured picture and text, and the title that emphasis forms the various organ of human body, function are described.Preferably, wherein explanatory note comprises the multi-language characters such as Chinese, English, French, uses with the foreign student met from country variant.
Picture and text demonstration module 211 comprises again further: options, background music options chanted in human organ options, coloured image options, explanatory note options, voice.Human organ options is for selecting each organoid of human body needed for teaching; Coloured image options, for selecting the anatomic image of each organoid of human body needed for teaching, can have again multiple visual angle to select further; Explanatory note options, for selecting the explanatory note of each organoid of human body needed for teaching, can have again multilingual word selective, as Chinese, English, French, Arabic etc. further; Voice chant options for selecting the speech explanation of each organoid of human body needed for teaching, can have again multi-lingual selective further, as Chinese, English, French, Arabic etc.; Background music options be used for user from class hour select needed for light music as acoustic background.
Three-dimensional model demonstration module 212 mainly builds the three-dimensional stereo model of the various organ of human body by computer simulation technique, the three-dimensional stereo model of these human organs can along Arbitrary Rotation, and carry out mitigation and amplification, be convenient to the contexture of learner's multi-angle observation human organ.Preferably, as heart three-dimensional demonstration submodel, not only can see the front elevation in picture and text demonstration module 211 cardiac, the rear view of heart, upward view, vertical view etc. can also be seen, and can multi-angle rotary zoom in or out viewing.
Flash demo module 213 is for the normal working mechanism of the various organ of human body provides Dynamic Display.Preferably, if heart flash demo submodule is with the mobility status of animate demonstration blood in atrium and ventricle, and for example Bones and joints flash demo submodule demonstrates osteoarticular motion conditions with animate.
The real human organ sample of sample demonstration module 214 demonstration in kind, strengthens the sense of reality of learner to human organ cognition with this, and what be conducive to the generation of elimination learner first contacts cadaver sample fears sense.Preferably, district as shallow in face and face dark district sample demonstration submodule demonstrate the actual formation situation of facial vessels and nerve.
Tomography demonstration module 215 demonstrates the image feature of the various organ of human body by medical image, the image demonstrations such as the nuclear magnetic resonance of the various organ of human body, CT, B ultrasonic are mainly provided, can also compare with the three-dimensional stereo model of the various organ of human body in above-mentioned three-dimensional model demonstration module 212.Preferably, in brain tomography demonstration submodule, can from left to right, from front to back, 3 directions demonstration brain faultage images from top to bottom, these brain faultage images can be a fault surface with the thickness of 1 millimeter, 2 millimeters, 3 millimeters or 5 millimeters, both can demonstrate these brain faultage images continuously, also can select some fault surfaces wherein or certain a part of fault surface is demonstrated.Analyse in depth to do a step to the image feature in faultage image, the brain faultage image that the sectional slice of human brain sample and brain tomography demonstrate in submodule can also be introduced compare from sample demonstration module 214 in kind.
Human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem 21 in human anatomy teaching system embodiment shown in Fig. 2 provides 5 kinds of demonstration modules of the various organ of human body, make learner can from plane to three-dimensional, from static state to dynamically, from model in kind, multi-angle carrys out cognitive human organ from physiological characteristic to image feature etc., can deepen the understanding of learner to human organ structure and working mechanism.
Fig. 3 is that human dissection in the human anatomy teaching system of the present invention subsystem that does simulated exercises unifies the composition diagram of embodiment.This does simulated exercises is for object with the picture of cadaver sample, the a large amount of dissection pictures gathered in actual dissection have been stored in system, after in advance the technical finesses such as pictures are split, corrected, error correction being dissected to these, can on computers to process after picture in the mode of multiple-layer stacked, the different phase that simulation reconstruction is being dissected, divides the situation of dissection to each system of human body and partes corporis humani.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the human dissection subsystem 31 that does simulated exercises comprises body system and dissects do simulated exercises module 311 and body local and dissect the module 312 that does simulated exercises.Body system dissects the module 311 that does simulated exercises and is mainly used in doing simulated exercises to the anatomic course of each function system of human body, can have overall understanding thus to the dissection of each system of human body.It is that the anatomic course of the organ-tissue comprised for body local does simulated exercises that body local dissects the module 312 that does simulated exercises, and can dissect to human body different parts each organ-tissue related to thus has and to be overallly familiar with.
Body system dissects in the module 311 that does simulated exercises and is subdivided into again multiple exercise submodule, comprise bone and bony union, bone of body and link thereof, arm bone and link thereof, leg bone and link thereof, the Overall View of cranium and link thereof, skull is separated, trunk muscles and neck flesh, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, peritonaeum and perineum, heart, artery, vein and lymphatic system, visual organ, vestibulocochlear organ, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon, akrencephalon, spinal nerve, cranial nerve, visceral nervous system, Sensory conduction path, movement conduction path, the tunicle of brain and spinal cord, blood vessel and cerebrospinal fluid circulation and gland dissect the submodule that does simulated exercises.
Body local is dissected to do simulated exercises in module 312 and is also subdivided into multiple exercise submodule, before comprising anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region, stock before medial area, arm and anterior antebrachial region, anterolateral crural district, back shallow-layer and omoplate back of the body district, stern district and posterior region of thigh, after arm and posterior antebrachial region, popliteal nest and posterior crural region, hand, foot, the wall of the chest and open chest get lung, vertical diaphragm, abdomen before lateral wall, peritonaeum and abdominal exploration, district, colon inferior segment and spatia retroperitonaeale, pelvic cavity and perineum, neck, facial shallow-layer and facial Shen Qu on colon, open cranium and get brain and dissect the submodule that does simulated exercises.
Preferably, dissect the anterior pectorial region shallow-layer that does simulated exercises in module 312 and axillary region at body local and dissect and do simulated exercises in submodule, comprise dissecting tool options further, dissect route choosing item, dissect degree of depth options.Dissecting tool options, for selecting the operation tool used in the different anatomic stage, comprises scissors, scalpel, tweezers, hemostatic forceps etc.; Dissect route choosing item for selecting the initial sum final position of the concrete otch of dissecting in anterior pectorial region and axillary region; Dissecting degree of depth options for what select scalpel to cut anterior pectorial region and axillary region skin enters the cutter degree of depth, selecting, selecting the viewed organ-tissue difference of the different dissection degree of depth as entered cutter depth range between 2 millimeters to 10 millimeters.
Human dissection shown in Fig. 3 subsystem 31 that does simulated exercises provides the submodule that more human dissection does simulated exercises, the corresponding system for human body of each submodule or the dissection of body local do simulated exercises process, make learner can by system, do simulated exercises by position human dissection, the ins and outs of comprehensive familiar with anatomy, and observe internal's composition of cadaver sample in dissection, provide full and accurate technical operation guidance for learner carries out actual dissection, carry out review after being also used in actual dissection and review.
Fig. 4 views and emulates according to the human dissection outdoor scene in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention the composition diagram that subsystem unifies embodiment.This subsystem is mainly made up of a fairly large number of video resource, these video resources are classified according to human body different system and organ, to the outdoor scene of everyone system and organ dissect specifically be divided into again dissect before prepare, dissect and implement, dissect 3 stages such as aftertreatment.Preferably, human dissection outdoor scene is viewed and emulated before subsystem 41 comprises dissection and prepared to view and emulate module 411, dissection skill and technique views and emulates module 412, dissect aftertreatment views and emulates module 413.
Prepare to view and emulate module 411 before dissecting and every preliminary work that should complete before dissection is described, as student's learning before class, prepare lesson, instrument and medicine preparation, personnel's division of labor, dress code, environment disinfected etc. with video outdoor scene form.Preferably, prepare before dissecting to view and emulate module 411 comprise wear off operating coat option, wear off barrier gown option, wear sterile gloves option, art of changing dressings option.
Dissect skill and technique view and emulate module 412 illustrate with video outdoor scene form determine at the region of anatomy of the actual anatomic course of human body each organs and systems, the region of anatomy is observed, dissect that gimmick and instrument use, dissection personnel coordinate, dissect the contents such as surprisingly disposal.
Dissect aftertreatment view and emulate module 413 with video outdoor scene form illustrate after completing dissection to the disposal of cadaver sample, to the recycling of dissecting tool, to dissect place cleaning, to contents such as the summaries of anatomic teaching.
Human dissection outdoor scene shown in Fig. 4 is viewed and emulated subsystem 41 and is provided anthropotomical outdoor scene video, this is the useful supplement of subsystem 31 of doing simulated exercises to above-mentioned human dissection, learner grasps basic dissection technical ability by doing simulated exercises after, start to pay close attention to the various particular problem in actual dissection and applicating skill, the efficiency of actual dissection can be improved.
Fig. 5 is the composition diagram unifying embodiment according to the human dissection examination subsystem in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention.This subsystem is with database edits and be applied as basis, examination paper can be simulated by editorial theory examination paper with dissecting, the examination question that can form for human body individual system, organ is rolled up, also the examination question volume of the multiple system of comprehensive human body, organ can be formed, realize taking an exam on the computing machine of network interconnection, such as, complete examination question editor and combination examination question volume at teacher's control end, take an exam at student's use side, test results transfer, to teacher's control end, is marked at teacher's control end.Preferably, the human dissection examination subsystem 51 shown in Fig. 5 comprises exam pool module 511, managing test paper module 512 and examination grading module 513.
Exam pool module 511 mainly comprises two class examination questions, and one is theory test question, and only need carry out copy editor can complete.Another kind puts into practice examination question, and this needs to do simulated exercises the cadaver sample picture provided in subsystem 31 in conjunction with above-mentioned human dissection, for Different Organs to its region of anatomy, dissect circuit, dissect the examination contents such as the degree of depth and edit.
Managing test paper module 512 mainly carries out selection group volume to the examination question in exam pool module 511, multiple restriction is had during group volume, as degree-of-difficulty factor, Distribution of knowledge gists, examination question type etc. have concrete regulation, such as, degree-of-difficulty factor is divided into 1,2,3,4,5 difficulty level according to item difficulty situation, there are 50 to 100 knowledge points knowledge point, must could generate effective paper under the prerequisite meeting these regulations.
What examination grading module 513 mainly completed each road exercise question in paper candidate judges wrong situation and gives a mark, and provide integrate score, can also analyze the scoring event of all candidates taken an examination, the statistical correction rate (can verify whether the degree-of-difficulty factor of this problem in exam pool module 511 is arranged accurate thus) etc. of such as score averages, score distribution, each problem, can also carry out analysis to the quality of paper, candidate's study situation etc. and judge.
Human dissection examination subsystem 51 shown in Fig. 5, for assessment of testing to human dissection teaching efficiency, forms human dissection teaching closed loop, effectively the actual learning effect of inspection every learner.
Based on above-mentioned human anatomy teaching system embodiment, the invention provides the embodiment of human dissection teaching method.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram according to human body anatomic teaching method one embodiment of the present invention.First step S601, enters human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem, carries out teaching demonstration to the physiological structure of each organoid of human body; Second step S602, enters human dissection and to do simulated exercises subsystem, dissects flow process and body local dissect flow process and to do simulated exercises teaching body system; 3rd step S603, enters human dissection outdoor scene and views and emulates subsystem, carries out displaying teaching to the dissection outdoor scene of each organoid of human body; 4th step S604, enters human dissection examination subsystem, carries out theory examination or/and dissect simulating examination to all kinds of anatomical organ of human body.The function of above-mentioned 4 subsystems, introducing to explanation embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 Fig. 1, repeats no more herein.When imparting knowledge to students successively according to above-mentioned 4 teaching procedure sequencings, being conducive to building the teaching closed loop learning, practice, examine organic composition, also can completing the combination of one of them step or several step as required, outstanding focal points.
Complete in above-mentioned four human body anatomic teaching steps, instructional mode can be controlled flexibly.Preferably, this human dissection teaching method comprises teaching pattern and self-study pattern, under teaching pattern, above-mentioned teaching procedure has been manipulated by teacher's manipulation end, be exactly under the guiding of teacher, control student's use side computing machine by teacher's manipulation end computing machine, the cooperation that cooperates each other is imparted knowledge to students; Under self-study pattern, then completing above-mentioned teaching procedure by student resource, is exactly the intervention that student does not need teacher, and independent student's use side computing machine that uses is learnt by oneself.
Fig. 7 demonstrates according to entering human anatomic structure in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention the process flow diagram that subsystem carries out teaching one embodiment.Wherein, after entering human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem S701, first select the human organ S702 needing study, then the plane picture and text demonstration of this human organ of study, flash demo, three-dimensional model demonstration, sample in kind demonstration and/or tomography demonstration S703 is selected, wherein the particular content of these teaching demonstrations explains in Fig. 2 example shown, does not repeat them here.
Preferably, in the embodiment shown in fig. 7, after entering human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem, the human organ needing study is first selected to be brain, then the demonstration of study brain tomography is selected, the demonstration of this brain tomography comprises from left to right, from front to back, Dynamic Announce brain faultage image from top to bottom, and these brain faultage images and the true sample sectional slice of human brain to be contrasted.
Fig. 8 carries out the process flow diagram of teaching one embodiment according to entering the human dissection subsystem that does simulated exercises in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention.Entering this human dissection does simulated exercises after subsystem 31, comprise further select body system to dissect to do simulated exercises 311 or body local dissect and do simulated exercises 312.Wherein, body system dissects to do simulated exercises and 311 comprises bone and bony union, bone of body and link thereof, arm bone and link thereof, leg bone and link thereof, the Overall View of cranium and link thereof, skull is separated, trunk muscles and neck flesh, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, peritonaeum and perineum, heart, artery, vein and lymphatic system, visual organ, vestibulocochlear organ, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon, akrencephalon, spinal nerve, cranial nerve, visceral nervous system, Sensory conduction path, movement conduction path, the tunicle of brain and spinal cord, blood vessel and cerebrospinal fluid circulation and gland carry out dissection and do simulated exercises, body local is dissected to do simulated exercises and 312 is comprised anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region, medial area before stock, before arm and anterior antebrachial region, anterolateral crural district, back shallow-layer and omoplate back of the body district, stern district and posterior region of thigh, after arm and posterior antebrachial region, popliteal nest and posterior crural region, hand, foot, the wall of the chest and open chest and get lung, vertical diaphragm, lateral wall before abdomen, peritonaeum and abdominal exploration, district on colon, colon inferior segment and spatia retroperitonaeale, pelvic cavity and perineum, neck, face shallow-layer and the dark district of face, open cranium to get brain and carry out dissection and do simulated exercises.
Further, Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram according to carrying out anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region in human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention and dissect the embodiment that does simulated exercises.Preferably, this anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region are dissected the step that does simulated exercises and are comprised: dissect fascia superficialis; Dissect ramus cutaneus anterior nervorum intercostalium; Dissect deep fascia; Dissect pectoralis major and costoscapularis; Dissect musculus pectoralis minor and clavipectoral fascia; Dissect chest sidewall.
Dissect fascia superficialis step specifically: by skin tensioning, at skin and fascia superficialis tractive tension force maximum, operation point of a knife subtend skin is made long distance and to cut stroke, just in skin and the strip off of fascia superficialis intersection.In dissection fascia superficialis step, comprise and select dissecting tool, dissection circuit, the dissection degree of depth.Dissecting tool can select scissors, scalpel, tweezers, hemostatic forceps etc.; Dissect circuit for selecting the initial sum final position of the concrete otch of dissecting in anterior pectorial region; Dissecting the degree of depth for what select scalpel to cut anterior pectorial region skin enters the cutter degree of depth, selecting, selecting the viewed organ-tissue difference of the different dissection degree of depth as entered cutter depth range between 2 millimeters to 10 millimeters.
The exercise of dissecting fascia superficialis step coordinates to be selected dissecting tool, dissect circuit and dissects the degree of depth to carry out, and shown by the dissection picture of cadaver sample, only correct and under the prerequisite that various selection is also correct, could progressively complete dissection and do simulated exercises in step.This mode of doing simulated exercises is equally applicable to following dissection step.
Dissect ramus cutaneus anterior nervorum intercostalium step specifically: turned over by skin graft and appear fascia superficialis laterally, select scalpel between the first rib of front along incision fascia superficialis in 1-2cm place outside breastbone outer rim, expose ramus cutaneus anterior nervorum intercostalium; Select tweezers, find the perforating branches of ramus cutaneus anterior nervorum intercostalium and arteria thoracica interna in intercostal space.
Dissect deep fascia step specifically: remove all fascia superficialiss, manifest deep fascia, select scalpel, cut deep fascia along deltoid muscle pectoralis major inter-drain, select cephalic vein.
Dissect pectoralis major and costoscapularis step specifically: select scalpel, appear pectoralis major, costoscapularis after removing deep fascia, arc cutting pectoralis major initial part below pectoralis major clavicle starting point, has imposed uniformity without examining individual cases.
Dissect musculus pectoralis minor and clavipectoral fascia step specifically: appear musculus pectoralis minor and clavipectoral fascia, select tweezers, be separated the structure passing clavipectoral fascia by pausing property of tweezers, observe by musculus pectoralis minor upper limb through the chest acromion blood vessel of clavipectoral fascia and lateral pectoral nerve.
Dissect chest sidewall step specifically: dissect at chest sidewall and observe Bell's nerve and nervus thoracodorsalis, select tweezers, follow the trail of Bell's nerve to costoscapularis with tweezers, upwards retract axillary artery, median nerve, ulnar nerve, appear the nervus radialis and axillary nerve that are positioned at posterior cord.
Figure 10 enters human dissection outdoor scene according to human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention to view and emulate the process flow diagram that subsystem carries out teaching one embodiment.First, enter human dissection outdoor scene and view and emulate subsystem S1001, then, the dissection outdoor scene step of each organoid of viewing human body comprises: prepare S1002 before dissecting; Dissect skill and technique S1003; Dissect aftertreatment S1004.The particular content viewed and emulated in each of the steps explains in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, repeats no more.
Figure 11 enters according to human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention the process flow diagram that human dissection examination subsystem carries out examination one embodiment.First, enter human dissection examination subsystem S1101, the step of then carrying out examining comprises: exercise question editor S1102; Composition examination paper S1103; S1104 is implemented in examination; Performance rating S1105.
Exercise question editor S1102 comprises editor about anthropotomical theoretical exercise question and dissection simulation exercise question, the type of theoretical exercise question comprises fill a vacancy topic, multiple-choice question, True-False, question-and-answer problem etc., dissect the exercise question forms such as simulation exercise question mainly carries out marking on the sample picture in kind of each organoid of human body, otch location, simulating cut, organ-tissue identification, investigate the Grasping level of student to dissection flow process and anatomical detail; Composition examination paper S1103 is a large amount of exercise questions will edited in exercise question editor S1102 step, carries out random creating test papers, generate electronic test paper according to exercise question formal category, degree-of-difficulty factor, Distribution of knowledge gists, exercise question quantity etc.; S1104 is implemented in examination two kinds of forms, one concentrates examination, teacher's control end completes examination question editor and combination examination question volume, take an exam at student's use side, test results transfer, to teacher's control end, is marked at teacher's control end, and another kind is autonomous examination, by student's random selecting portion examination from the many parts of electronic test papers formed, for examining self-study situation; Performance rating S1105, comprises the scoring to single paper and the comprehensive analysis to many parts of paper scores, as analyzed the statistical correction rate etc. of score averages, score distribution, each problem to the many parts of paper score of the examination.
It should be noted that, due to the execution content of each step in the invention described above human dissection teaching method embodiment, and the interactively above in human anatomy teaching system of the present invention between each subsystem, module, options is based on same design, particular content see describing in human body anatomic teaching system embodiment of the present invention, can repeat no more herein.
By the way, the computer system of human body anatomic teaching method of the present invention interconnection Network Based, construct the human dissection teaching means learning by oneself dual use under being applicable to classroom instruction and class, provide abundant picture and text teaching resource, have employed human dissection to do simulated exercises mode, enhance the specific aim of this tutoring system solving practical problems, both may be used for teaching and also may be used for clinical practice, save a large amount of manpower and materials, can widespread use in medical teaching.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure transformation utilizing instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do, or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a human anatomy teaching system, interconnected computing machine Network Based is adopted to carry out web-based teaching, comprise the teacher's manipulation end be installed on server computer and the student's use side be installed on subscriber computer, described teacher's manipulation end and described student's use side carry out interoperability and information sharing by network, it is characterized in that, described human anatomy teaching system comprises:
Human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem, for demonstrating the physiological structure of each organoid of human body;
Human dissection does simulated exercises subsystem, dissects flow process and body local dissects flow process for the body system that does simulated exercises;
Human dissection outdoor scene views and emulates subsystem, for showing the dissection outdoor scene of each organoid of human body;
Human dissection examination subsystem, the theory for each organoid of human body is examined or/and dissect simulating examination.
2. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described teacher's manipulation end comprises hardware cryptographic devices, and described hardware cryptographic devices is provided with the key controlling described human anatomy teaching system and can normally use.
3. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described human anatomic structure demonstration subsystem comprises the plane picture and text demonstration module of the physiological structure of all kinds of human organ, flash demo module, three-dimensional model demonstration module, sample demonstration module in kind and/or tomography demonstration module.
4. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described tomography demonstration module comprises brain tomography demonstration submodule, described brain tomography demonstration submodule comprises from left to right, from front to back, the brain faultage image in 3 directions from top to bottom, and the sectional slice of human brain sample.
5. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the described human dissection subsystem that does simulated exercises comprises body system and dissects do simulated exercises module and body local and dissect the module that does simulated exercises.
6. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, body system dissects the module that does simulated exercises and comprises bone and bony union, bone of body and link thereof, arm bone and link thereof, leg bone and link thereof, the Overall View of cranium and link thereof, skull is separated, trunk muscles and neck flesh, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, peritonaeum and perineum, heart, artery, vein and lymphatic system, visual organ, vestibulocochlear organ, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum and diencephalon, akrencephalon, spinal nerve, cranial nerve, visceral nervous system, Sensory conduction path, movement conduction path, the tunicle of brain and spinal cord, blood vessel and cerebrospinal fluid circulation and gland dissect the submodule that does simulated exercises, and described body local is dissected the module that does simulated exercises and comprised anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region, medial area before stock, before arm and anterior antebrachial region, anterolateral crural district, back shallow-layer and omoplate back of the body district, stern district and posterior region of thigh, after arm and posterior antebrachial region, popliteal nest and posterior crural region, hand, foot, the wall of the chest and open chest and get lung, vertical diaphragm, lateral wall before abdomen, peritonaeum and abdominal exploration, district on colon, colon inferior segment and spatia retroperitonaeale, pelvic cavity and perineum, neck, face shallow-layer and the dark district of face, open cranium to get brain and dissect and to do simulated exercises submodule.
7. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described anterior pectorial region shallow-layer and axillary region are dissected the submodule that does simulated exercises and comprised dissecting tool options, dissect route choosing item, dissect degree of depth options.
8. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described human dissection outdoor scene is viewed and emulated subsystem and comprised: prepare before dissecting to view and emulate module; Dissect skill and technique and view and emulate module; Dissect aftertreatment and view and emulate module.
9. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 8, is characterized in that, prepares to view and emulate module before described dissection and comprises: wear off operating coat option, wear off barrier gown option, wear sterile gloves option, art of changing dressings option.
10. human anatomy teaching system according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described human dissection examination subsystem comprises: exam pool module; Managing test paper module; Examination grading module.
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| CN107993501A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-04 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of human anatomy teaching system |
| CN110782762A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 天津泓正医疗科技有限公司 | Teaching system is dissected in oral cavity |
| CN111798983A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-10-20 | 同济大学 | Brain function model construction and teaching system |
| CN113961122A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-21 | 北京嘉和海森健康科技有限公司 | Human body model display method and device |
| CN115148078A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆市中医院 | Sensory conduction path demonstration teaching system |
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| CN105225562A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-06 | 杜兆辉 | A kind of general practitioner's training checking system and method |
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| CN107067848A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 上海健康医学院 | Preclinical medicine tract interactive learning center and its application |
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| CN110782762A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 天津泓正医疗科技有限公司 | Teaching system is dissected in oral cavity |
| CN110782762B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-10-19 | 天津泓正医疗科技有限公司 | Teaching system is dissected in oral cavity |
| CN111798983A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-10-20 | 同济大学 | Brain function model construction and teaching system |
| CN113961122A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-21 | 北京嘉和海森健康科技有限公司 | Human body model display method and device |
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| CN115148078A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆市中医院 | Sensory conduction path demonstration teaching system |
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