CN104851130B - A kind of three-dimensional generation method of satellite remote-sensing image - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional generation method of satellite remote-sensing image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of three-dimensional generation method of satellite remote-sensing image, step are：(1) satellite remote sensing orthography is obtained；(2) slope angle and slope aspect of each pixel of Law of DEM Data inverting are utilized；(3) from satellite remote-sensing image meta file, sun altitude, azimuth and the spatial resolution information of each pixel of original satellite remote sensing image are searched；(4) the terrain generation factor of each pixel is calculated；(5) the terrain generation factor is multiplied with the DN values of the corresponding pixel on satellite remote sensing orthography, obtains three-dimensional satellite remote sensing image.Real surface light and shade difference and shade distribution when the present invention calculates that satellite remote-sensing image is imaged using ground elevation information, the terrain factor of each pixel of inverting is simultaneously fitted with satellite remote-sensing image, so that the terrain informations such as real earth's surface height, light and shade are incorporated in plane geomorphology information, plane satellite remote-sensing image is set to show 3-D effect simultaneously, it is easier to recognize landform shape.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of remote sensing image processing, is related to a kind of generation method of 3 D Remote Sensing image.
Background technology
Satellite remote-sensing image has the ability of a wide range of earth's surface information of quick obtaining, can intuitively, truly reflect earth's surface
Comprehensive landscape feature, has achieved extensive use at present.But satellite remote-sensing image show for two-dimentional landscape, it is impossible to expression directly perceived
The three-dimensional information of surface relief, the earth's surface landform shape that actual height rises and falls how is assigned to plane picture, makes it have three-dimensional
Simulated effect, it is one of difficult point in cartography.
At present, to obtain the 3-D view of satellite remote-sensing image, with stereoeffect, typically with ERDAS,
Similar Google Earth Three-dimensional Display module, distant according to digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite in the business softwares such as ARGIS
The geographic coordinate information of sense image is matched, i.e., according to corresponding geographical coordinate that satellite is distant using the DEM of Three-dimensional Display the bottom of as
Sense image, which is added on DEM, to be shown, this method is only capable of demonstrating online in systems, and is only a kind of Overlay,
Satellite remote-sensing image dimensional topography feature itself is not assigned, can not also generate the satellite remote sensing figure with dimensional topography effect
Piece, application method is complicated and convenience is not high.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that it is：A kind of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided the three of satellite remote-sensing image
Generation method is tieed up, real surface light and shade difference and shade point when calculating that satellite remote-sensing image is imaged using ground elevation information
Cloth, the terrain factor of each pixel of inverting satellite remote-sensing image, then be fitted with satellite remote-sensing image, assign plane landforms
The terrain informations such as the real earth's surface height of form, light and shade, directly generate plane but have a satellite of Three-dimensional Display effect simultaneously
Remote sensing image so that plane satellite remote sensing images have third dimension, more can intuitively reflect real earth's surface and landform shape.
The present invention technical solution be：A kind of three-dimensional generation method of satellite remote-sensing image, comprises the following steps：
(1) original satellite remote sensing image is obtained, ortho-rectification is carried out to original satellite remote sensing image, is obtaining satellite remote sensing just
Projection picture；
(2) the slope angle β and slope aspect θ of each pixel of Law of DEM Data inverting original satellite remote sensing image are utilized；
(3) from satellite remote-sensing image meta file, the sun altitude of each pixel of original satellite remote sensing image is searched
ω, azimuth angle alpha and spatial resolution value, Δ；
(4) result of step (3) and step (4) is utilized, the ground of each pixel of original satellite remote sensing image is calculated
Shape generates factor SBCGH=Δ2*(1+tanβ·cotω·cos(α-θ))；
(5) by the terrain generation factor of each pixel and the corresponding pixel on step (1) Satellite remote sensing orthography
DN values carry out multiplying, obtain three-dimensional satellite remote sensing image.
Described slope angle β and slope aspect θ computational methods are：
Wherein, P be ground elevation model sampling interval, C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8It is respectively adjacent with pixel C
The height value of pixel, height value corresponding to the pixel of pixel C surfaces is C2, then along clockwise direction, with pixel C adjacent picture elements
Height value be followed successively by C6、C3、C7、C4、C8、C1、C5。
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：The principle and defend that the inventive method is imaged from satellite remote-sensing image
Star remote sensing image D visualized simulation angle is set out, and takes into full account influence of the landform to satellite imagery, is given birth to by introducing landform
It is improved, is simulated by table of the light and shade difference on satellite image caused by the influence of topography into factor pair original satellite remote sensing image
It is existing, there is stronger theoretical foundation, can generate with notable third dimension, truly show being imitated with 3 D stereo for topography and geomorphology
The plane satellite image of fruit, it is simple to operate, flexible and convenient to use, it is easier to be applied in practical business work.By dimensionally
Image after shape simulation is remarkably reinforced than original image third dimension, has highlighted the spatial of landform ridge line, valley route, can
Interpretation landform directly perceived, has preferable effect of visualization, improve visual appearance and it is relief simultaneously, in engineering choosing
The fields such as line, GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SURVEY have good application value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the inventive method；
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of adjacent picture elements height value when the present invention calculates pixel slope angle and slope aspect；
Fig. 3 is that the terrain generation factor of the present invention calculates schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, being the FB(flow block) of the inventive method, key step is as follows：
(1) original satellite remote sensing image is obtained, ortho-rectification is carried out to original satellite remote sensing image, is obtaining satellite remote sensing just
Projection picture.
For example, ERDAS softwares can be utilized, ortho-rectification module is selected, opens original satellite remote sensing image and with reference to shadow
Picture, can be the data that topographic map etc. has precise location information herein with reference to image.In original satellite remote sensing image and reference
More than 20 control points of the same name are chosen on image, ortho-rectification is carried out, obtains that there is pinpoint satellite remote sensing orthography.
(2) digital elevation model (DEM) data inversion slope angle and slope aspect are utilized.
Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model), vehicle economy M.It is with one group of orderly array of values
Form represents that a kind of features of terrain such as actual ground model, slope angle, slope aspect and slope angle rate of change of ground elevation can be DEM's
On the basis of carry out reckoning inverting.Law of DEM Data is the data product generated using DEM, and its form of expression and satellite are distant
Sense image is identical, and each pixel has geographic coordinate information, and pixel value is the height value at the coordinate.
Slope angle reflects the inclined degree of curved surface, is defined as the normal direction of a point P and vertical direction (i.e. zenith) on curved surface
Between angle, and slope aspect is the direction of slope pair, be defined as P normal positive direction plane projection and direct north by
Clockwise angle.
According to documents and materials, (any direction gradient computational methods [J] the area studies of the such as Liu Xuejun based on DEM are with opening
Hair, 2009 (04)：139-141.), for point C (x, y) on space curved surface z=f (x, y), slope angle is the gradient opposite direction f along C
The decline that (x, y) is obtained most is worth soon, and it is slope aspect that it, which declines most fast direction,.
Slope angle β and slope aspect θ calculation formula is：
θ=arctan (fy/fx)
F in formulax, fyThe partial derivative in respectively x, y direction.
In real work, direction is prime direction to the north of slope aspect is general, and is measured in the direction of the clock, then slope aspect is in x-axis
To be expressed as in coordinate system that North and South direction, y-axis are east-west direction：
θ=270 °+arctan (fy/fx)-90°*(fx/|fx|)
In dem data, fxAnd fyCalculating be usually in subrange (3*3 moving windows, as shown in Figure 2), utilize
Numerical differentiation method or local surface fitting method are carried out, and calculation formula is as follows：
Wherein, P is the sampling interval of Law of DEM Data, is recorded in the meta file of Law of DEM Data,
Meta file is typically stored with forms such as * .xml, * .txt, opens the sampling interval that can directly read data.C1、C2、C3、C4、
C5、C6、C7、C8It is respectively as shown in Figure 2 with the height value of pixel C adjacent picture elements, specific distribution.
It is derived from more than, mesoslope angle beta of the present invention and slope aspect θ calculation formula are as follows：
For the pixel in image edge, the value lacked is substituted with numerical value 0.
(3) from satellite remote-sensing image meta file, sun altitude ω and solar azimuth during the scape video imaging are searched
Angle α, and the spatial resolution Δ of the image.
All including meta file per scape satellite remote-sensing image, meta file is typically stored with forms such as * .xml, * .txt, comprising
There is the essential information of the scape satellite remote-sensing image, such as imaging time, longitude and latitude scope, spatial resolution, sun altitude and too
Positive azimuth etc..
Sun altitude refers to the angle between the incident direction of sunshine and ground level.Solar azimuth refers to sunray
Projection on ground level and local meridianal angle, it can approx regard as and erect straight line on the ground in the sun
The angle of shade and Due South.Spatial resolution refers to the size of the ground areas representated by pixel, i.e., on satellite remote-sensing image
The minimum range for the two adjacent atural object that can be identified.
Because the breadth of satellite is limited, the sun altitude and azimuth in a scape image are basically identical, therefore in satellite
The sun altitude of synchro measure image center point and azimuth and satellite remote-sensing image member number is recorded in when remote sensing image is imaged
In, sun altitude and azimuth value as each pixel of scape image.
The spatial resolution of satellite remote-sensing image is then the important parameter as satellite load when satellite sensor designs
Just it has been determined that the spatial resolution for the satellite remote-sensing image that same sensor obtains is identical.
(4) the terrain generation factor is calculated.
Due to being influenceed by landform height fluctuating, the light and shade difference such as Schattenseite, tailo occurs in earth's surface, shows to project to plane two
The direct projection solar radiation energy that each pixel on dimension satellite remote-sensing image is received is different, and on the contrary, pixel is connect
The direct projection solar radiation energy of receipts can also turn into an important factor for reflection landform.Therefore, the present invention is received using pixel
The true light and shade difference condition of earth's surface when direct projection solar radiation energy derives satellite imagery, to correct the satellite remote sensing shadow of plane
Picture, the real terrain environment of satellite remote-sensing image is assigned, so as to highlight the Three-dimensional Display effect of plane picture so that landform
It is more easy to recognize.
By the direct projection solar radiation energy that satellite image pixel is received and its floor projection in direct sunlight direction
Area is directly proportional, therefore the present invention gives birth to horizontal projected area of each satellite image pixel in direct sunlight direction as landform
Into the factor.
As shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that ABCD be certain pixel real surface, its be located at slope angle be β, slope aspect be θ it is domatic on, its
Upright projection BCEF is the pixel scope on satellite remote-sensing image, and the direct projection solar radiation energy that the pixel receives is with ABCD too
The floor projection BCGH in positive direct projection direction is directly proportional, and BCGH area is the terrain generation factor used in the present invention.
BCGH area SBCGHCalculation formula is as follows：
SBCGH=SBCEF* (1+tan β cot ω cos (α-θ))=Δ2* (1+tan β cot ω cos (α-θ)) formula
Middle SBCEFFor BCEF area, β is ABCD slope angle, and ω is sun altitude, and α is solar azimuth, and θ is ABCD slope aspect,
SBCEFIt is only related to the spatial resolution Δ of satellite remote-sensing image, SBCEF=Δ2。
The terrain generation factor of each pixel when can calculate satellite remote-sensing image imaging according to above formula.
(5) the terrain generation factor and satellite remote sensing orthography are subjected to multiplication calculating, obtain the satellite after terrain generation
Remote sensing image.
Using ERDAS softwares, the terrain generation factor and the original DN values of each pixel of satellite remote sensing orthography are multiplied
Method computing, obtain the image after terrain generation.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. the three-dimensional generation method of a kind of satellite remote-sensing image, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) original satellite remote sensing image is obtained, ortho-rectification is carried out to original satellite remote sensing image, obtains satellite remote sensing orthogonal projection
Picture；
(2) the slope angle β and slope aspect θ of each pixel of Law of DEM Data inverting original satellite remote sensing image are utilized；
(3) from satellite remote-sensing image meta file, sun altitude ω, the side of each pixel of original satellite remote sensing image are searched
Parallactic angle α and spatial resolution value, Δ；
(4) using step (2) and the result of step (3), the landform life of each pixel of original satellite remote sensing image is calculated
Into factor SBCGH=Δ2*(1+tanβ·cotω·cos(α-θ))；
(5) DN by the terrain generation factor of each pixel with the corresponding pixel on step (1) Satellite remote sensing orthography
Value carries out multiplying, obtains three-dimensional satellite remote sensing image；
Described slope angle β and slope aspect θ computational methods are：
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Wherein, P be ground elevation model sampling interval, C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8Respectively with pixel C adjacent picture elements
Height value, height value corresponding to pixel is C directly over pixel C2, then along clockwise direction, the height with pixel C adjacent picture elements
Journey value is followed successively by C6、C3、C7、C4、C8、C1、C5。
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| CN102243074A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院遥感应用研究所 | Method for simulating geometric distortion of aerial remote sensing image based on ray tracing technology |
| CN102930601A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-02-13 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Construction method of dual-mode three-dimensional terrain stereo environment |
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| CN102243074A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院遥感应用研究所 | Method for simulating geometric distortion of aerial remote sensing image based on ray tracing technology |
| CN102930601A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-02-13 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Construction method of dual-mode three-dimensional terrain stereo environment |
| CN103940407A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-07-23 | 鲁东大学 | Method used for gully erosion extraction based on landform and remote sensing image fusion technology |
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