CN104845399A - Degradable material and application thereof - Google Patents
Degradable material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104845399A CN104845399A CN201510283558.XA CN201510283558A CN104845399A CN 104845399 A CN104845399 A CN 104845399A CN 201510283558 A CN201510283558 A CN 201510283558A CN 104845399 A CN104845399 A CN 104845399A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural waste cyclic utilization, and particularly relates to a novel degradable material and application thereof. The degradable material is prepared from cotton straws, wheat straws, perilla straws, rape straws and other waste straws by using a special assistant as an auxiliary material. The degradable material implements comprehensive utilization of waste straws, and can be prepared into a disposable packing box for fresh and dried fruits. The product has the advantages of favorable water resistance, simple manufacturing technique and low production cost, is degradable, safe and nontoxic, can also be used for preparing a 3D decorative wall board. The decorating material has the advantages of higher bending strength, higher elastic modulus in bending, higher impact toughness, higher tensile strength, higher tensile modulus, higher internal bonding strength, favorable comprehensive mechanical properties, certain moisture resistance, environment friendliness, zero formaldehyde release and the like, and can be used as a non-bearing decorating material in rooms and other dry environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural wastes recycling field, be specifically related to a kind of novel degradable material and application thereof.
Background technology
Stalk is the general name of ripe farm crop cauline leaf (fringe) part.Be often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, rape, cotton, sugarcane and other farm crop (the being generally coarse food grain) remainder after results seed.The photosynthetic product of farm crop has and is over halfly present in stalk, stalk is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., be that one has multiduty reproducible Biological resources, its output is very abundant, is a kind of resource possessing the potentiality that develop on a large scale very much.
But in prior art, the utilization of stalk is generally use as feed, and its availability is low, and other concentrated feeds of must arranging in pairs or groups just can reach the standard of feeding, and therefore the higher popularization of use cost is comparatively difficult; In addition application is the stalk fibre papermaking utilized wherein the most widely, but its fibrous property than wood fibre can availability poor, and need a large amount of chemical agent in treating processes, the larger cost of the pollution caused is higher, now abandon by most enterprises; In addition fertilizer preparation is also directly applied to, culture medium of edible fungus and biofuel, but its consumption all very poor efficiency is all not high, more stalk directly burns in farmland, this disadvantageous effect brought to environment is well imagined, crop straw burning is also one of main reason of northern China haze, therefore how better to fully utilize stalk, becomes one of prior art problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that existing stalk process exists, provide a kind of novel degradable material and application thereof, this degradation material adopts cotton stalk, wheat stalk, the waste straw such as purple perilla straw and rape stalk is as raw material, be aided with special assistant to be prepared from, achieve the comprehensive utilization of waste straw, utilize this degradation material can prepare disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box, product water-tolerant, manufacture craft is simple, production cost is low, degradable, safety non-toxic, also can be used for preparation 3D decorative wall panels, its finishing material flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, impelling strength, tensile strength and tensile modulus, internal bond strength is higher, comprehensive mechanical property is better, there is certain moisture-proof characteristic, and there is environment friendly, the advantages such as formaldehyde zero release, can be used as the non-bearing finishing material under the dry environments such as indoor.
The topmost improvement of the present invention is to utilize that multiple stalk is composite to be formed, cotton stalk wherein and wheat stalk are utilized widely, but itself and purple perilla straw and rape stalk are occurred in this area or for the first time with the use of preparing degradation material, its cardinal principle utilizes the general fibre in fiber in purple perilla straw and rape stalk and cotton stalk and wheat stalk complementary, due to the tenacity of fibre in purple perilla straw and rape stalk and water resistance better, can the deficiency of reinforcement cotton stalk and wheat stalk fiber, utilize the intensity of cotton stalk and wheat stalk fiber to obtain multiduty material simultaneously, and above-mentioned fiber all can by environment fast degradation, environmental pollution can not be caused, achieve the comprehensive utilization of stalk.
For these reasons, concrete technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of degradation material, its raw material composition is counted by weight:
Cotton stalk 50-100 part, wheat stalk 50-100 part, purple perilla straw 50-100 part, rape stalk 50-100 part, auxiliary agent 1-7 part;
Wherein said auxiliary agent is selected from polyvinyl alcohol water solution or the Vltra tears aqueous solution or amidin or its mixture; Described various stalk moisture contents are lower than 10wt%.
Further contriver by its raw material compositional optimization for count by weight:
Cotton stalk 60-90 part, wheat stalk 60-90 part, purple perilla straw 60-90 part, rape stalk 60-90 part, auxiliary agent 3-5 part.
Again further by its raw material compositional optimization for count by weight:
Cotton stalk 75 parts, wheat stalk 75 parts, purple perilla straw 75 parts, rape stalk 75 parts, auxiliary agent 4 parts.
Why control the consumption of above-mentioned fiber, in order under the prerequisite ensureing the degradation material self-strength obtained, give full play to toughness and the water resistance of purple perilla straw and rape stalk fiber, simultaneously above-mentioned two kinds of stalk fibres self are with the fragrance of purple perilla or rape, can improve the comfort level of user during use, and selected auxiliary agent is polyvinyl alcohol water solution or the Vltra tears aqueous solution or amidin, and its massfraction is 10-25%, why select above-mentioned auxiliary agent, because above-mentioned auxiliary agent has good adhesive property, above-mentioned various fibers can be combined, improve the bulk strength of material, what adopt is the formulation of its aqueous solution simultaneously, for environment without any impact, very large progress is had than adopting the auxiliary agent of organic solvent dissolution, and above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol water solution or the Vltra tears aqueous solution or amidin polyvinyl alcohol wherein after discarded, Vltra tears and starch can complete auto-degradation at short notice, thus realize the fast degradation of whole material, and above-mentioned substance is degraded together with fiber, after product can change the content of soil composition, more nutritive substance is provided, improve the fertilizer efficiency in soil, be conducive to the growth of crop.
In addition, present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned degradation material, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, use NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot-water cure of 2wt% afterwards, treatment time is 2-5h, every 1kg mixed straw needs 15-25L 2wt%NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot water, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix and get final product.
Further, the above-mentioned treatment time is 3h, and every 1kg mixed straw needs 20L 2wt%NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot water.
Adopt this preparation method, its utilization ratio can be improved by after various crushed stalk, increase the contact area of itself and treatment agent, improve processing efficiency, and adopt the NaOH solution of above-mentioned concentration and consumption or 100 DEG C of hot water to process, the objectionable impurities on stalk surface can be removed, change the performance on stalk surface simultaneously, remove the chemical compositions such as part is siliceous, hemicellulose, reduce fiber surface contact angle, improve fiber wetness, the fragrance matter be also beneficial in purple perilla straw and rape stalk distributes, and improves the comfort level of user; Process the NaOH solution of use or hot water can recycle simultaneously, improves its service efficiency, reduces the pollution for environment; Stalk powder after NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot-water cure, better can be combined with auxiliary agent, reduce the consumption of auxiliary agent simultaneously.
After obtaining above-mentioned degradation material, contriver further study its concrete application, and find that it may be used for preparing disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box, its concrete preparation for processing is:
Adopt degradation material through pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Utilize identical method, contriver finds that it can also be applied to preparation 3D decorative wall panels, and its concrete preparation for processing is:
Adopt degradation material through pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 125-130 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Above-mentioned pressure sintering is ordinary skill in the art means, contriver does not repeat them here, but be aimed at this novel degradable material of the present invention, contriver defines its hot pressing temperature and time again, thus improve the performance of final preparing product, the product obtained by aforesaid method has following performance advantage:
The visible disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box utilizing degradation material provided by the present invention to prepare, its product water-tolerant, manufacture craft is simple, and production cost is low, degradable, safety non-toxic;
Utilize 3D decorative wall panels prepared by degradation material provided by the present invention, its finishing material flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, impelling strength, tensile strength and tensile modulus, internal bond strength are higher, and comprehensive mechanical property is better; Its 2h thickness swelling rate is lower, and water resistance is good; There is the advantage such as environment friendly, formaldehyde zero release, can be used as the non-bearing finishing material under the dry environments such as indoor.
In addition, above-mentioned disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box and 3D decorative wall panels all can distribute the distinctive delicate fragrance of plant, improve the comfort level of user, and all can realize fast degradation, to environment without any pollution, respective material of the prior art can be replaced widely to use, there is splendid popularization and utility value.
In sum, utilize degradation material provided by the invention can prepare disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box, product water-tolerant, manufacture craft is simple, production cost is low, degradable, safety non-toxic, also can be used for preparation 3D decorative wall panels, its finishing material flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, impelling strength, tensile strength and tensile modulus, internal bond strength are higher, and comprehensive mechanical property is better, has certain moisture-proof characteristic, and there is the advantage such as environment friendly, formaldehyde zero release, can be used as the non-bearing finishing material under the dry environments such as indoor.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, those skilled in the art can be made more fully to understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.Wherein adopted hot press forming technology is this area common process, and the hot-press forming device adopted is the XLB-DH electromagnetism flat sulfuration equipment that Huzhou produces along power rubber company.
Embodiment 1
A kind of degradation material, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight part:
Cotton stalk 75 parts, wheat stalk 75 parts, purple perilla straw 75 parts, rape stalk 75 parts, auxiliary agent 4 parts.
Described auxiliary agent is polyvinyl alcohol water solution, and the massfraction of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 25%.
Utilize above-mentioned degradation material to prepare the method for disposable degradable cutlery box, comprise following step:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, use 2wt%NaOH solution-treated, treatment time is 3h, every 1kg stalk needs 20L2wt%NaOH solution, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix to obtain degradation material;
(3) adopt pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of degradation material, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight part:
Cotton stalk 60 parts, wheat stalk 90 parts, purple perilla straw 60 parts, rape stalk 90 parts, auxiliary agent 3 parts.
Described auxiliary agent is the Vltra tears aqueous solution, and the massfraction of the described Vltra tears aqueous solution is 10%.
Utilize above-mentioned degradation material to prepare the method for disposable degradable cutlery box, comprise following step:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, use 2wt%NaOH solution-treated, treatment time is 2h, every 1kg stalk needs 15L2wt%NaOH solution, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix to obtain degradation material;
(3) adopt pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of degradation material, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight part:
Cotton stalk 90 parts, wheat stalk 60 parts, purple perilla straw 90 parts, rape stalk 60 parts, auxiliary agent 5 parts.
Described auxiliary agent is amidin, and the massfraction of described amidin is 15%.
Utilize above-mentioned degradation material to prepare the method for disposable degradable cutlery box, comprise following step:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, by 100 DEG C of hot-water cure, treatment time is 3h, and every 1kg stalk needs 25L100 DEG C of hot water, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix to obtain degradation material;
(3) adopt pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 4
A kind of degradation material, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight part:
Cotton stalk 50 parts, wheat stalk 100 parts, purple perilla straw 50 parts, rape stalk 100 parts, auxiliary agent 1 part.
Described auxiliary agent is the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol water solution and Vltra tears aqueous solution mass ratio 1:1, and the massfraction of described polyvinyl alcohol water solution and the Vltra tears aqueous solution is 25%.
Utilize above-mentioned degradation material to prepare the method for disposable degradable cutlery box, comprise following step:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, use 2wt%NaOH solution-treated, treatment time is 4h, every 1kg stalk needs 15L2wt%NaOH solution, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix to obtain degradation material;
(3) adopt pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 5
A kind of degradation material, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight part:
Cotton stalk 100 parts, wheat stalk 50 parts, purple perilla straw 100 parts, rape stalk 50 parts, auxiliary agent 7 parts.
Described auxiliary agent is the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol water solution and the Vltra tears aqueous solution and amidin mass ratio 4:3:3, and the massfraction of the described various aqueous solution is 25%.
Utilize above-mentioned degradation material to prepare the method for disposable degradable cutlery box, comprise following step:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, by 100 DEG C of hot-water cure, treatment time is 5h, every 1kg stalk needs 25L 2wt%100 DEG C hot water, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix to obtain degradation material;
(3) adopt pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box prepared by various embodiments of the present invention is according to GB18006.1-1999 " degradable disposable dinner (beverage) containers generic specifications ", and check disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box prepared by the embodiment of the present application, result is as follows:
| Testing index | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 |
| Pesticide residue | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
| Flavus poison | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect | Do not detect |
The visible disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box utilizing degradation material provided by the present invention to prepare, its product water-tolerant, manufacture craft is simple, and production cost is low, degradable, safety non-toxic;
Utilize the degradation material that embodiment 1-5 obtains, contriver is prepared as 3D decorative wall panels, and preparation method is prepared by the pressure sintering identical with disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box, hot pressing temperature 125-130 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
Press GB/T 21723-2008 to the 3D decorative wall panels of above-mentioned acquisition and test finishing material flexural strength, bending elastic modulus and internal bond strength, loading velocity is 5mm/min; Finishing material impelling strength is tested by GB/T 1040.5-2008; Finishing material 24h thickness swelling rate and water ratio is tested by GB/T 21723-2008, bending property and tensile property test sample are of a size of 100mm × 15mm × 4.4mm, internal bond strength test sample is of a size of 50mm × 50mm × 4.4mm, it is 50mm × 50mm × 4.4mm that impelling strength test sample is of a size of 100mm × 100mm × 4.4mm, 2h thickness swelling rate, water absorbability and water ratio specimen size.Test finishing material tensile property, loading velocity is 2mm/min; Result is 3 mean values, and concrete outcome is as shown in the table:
The visible 3D decorative wall panels utilizing degradation material provided by the present invention to prepare, its finishing material flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, impelling strength, tensile strength and tensile modulus, internal bond strength are higher, and comprehensive mechanical property is better; Its 2h thickness swelling rate is lower, and water resistance is good; There is the advantage such as environment friendly, formaldehyde zero release, can be used as the non-bearing finishing material under the dry environments such as indoor.
Above-mentioned disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box and 3D decorative wall panels all can distribute the distinctive delicate fragrance of plant, improve the comfort level of user, and all can realize fast degradation, to environment without any pollution, respective material of the prior art can be replaced widely to use, there is splendid popularization and utility value.
Claims (8)
1. a degradation material, is characterized in that, its raw material composition is counted by weight:
Cotton stalk 50-100 part, wheat stalk 50-100 part, purple perilla straw 50-100 part, rape stalk 50-100 part, auxiliary agent 1-7 part;
Wherein said auxiliary agent is selected from polyvinyl alcohol water solution or the Vltra tears aqueous solution or amidin or its mixture;
Described various stalk moisture contents are lower than 10wt%.
2. degradation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its raw material composition is counted by weight:
Cotton stalk 60-90 part, wheat stalk 60-90 part, purple perilla straw 60-90 part, rape stalk 60-90 part, auxiliary agent 3-5 part.
3. degradation material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: its raw material composition is counted by weight:
Cotton stalk 75 parts, wheat stalk 75 parts, purple perilla straw 75 parts, rape stalk 75 parts, auxiliary agent 4 parts.
4. degradation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described polyvinyl alcohol water solution or the Vltra tears aqueous solution or its massfraction of amidin are 10-25%.
5. the preparation method of degradation material described in claim 1, is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) choose cotton stalk by formula ratio, to be crushed to its length be 1 ~ 30mm for wheat stalk, purple perilla straw, rape stalk, use NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot-water cure of 2wt% afterwards, treatment time is 2-5h, every 1kg mixed straw needs 15-25L 2wt%NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot water, and the stalk powder having processed rear filtration gained is dried to weight;
(2) in the stalk powder of above-mentioned acquisition, add auxiliary agent, mix and get final product.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described treatment time is 3h, and every 1kg mixed straw needs 20L 2wt%NaOH solution or 100 DEG C of hot water.
7. the application of degradation material described in claim 1 on the disposable fresh and dried fruit packing box of preparation, is characterized in that: adopt degradation material through pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 120 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
8. the application of degradation material described in claim 1 on preparation 3D decorative wall panels, is characterized in that: adopt degradation material through pressure sintering preparation, hot pressing temperature 125-130 DEG C, hot pressing time 30min, in mould, the demoulding after naturally cooling, to obtain final product.
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| CN201510283558.XA CN104845399A (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2015-05-29 | Degradable material and application thereof |
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| CN201510283558.XA CN104845399A (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2015-05-29 | Degradable material and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107150469A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-12 | 栗春侠 | A kind of lunch box for environment protection and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2009079583A1 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-25 | Cornell University | Odor improved soy resins and composites |
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| CN107150469A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-12 | 栗春侠 | A kind of lunch box for environment protection and preparation method thereof |
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