CN1048429A - 燃气轮机的红外线抑制器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种红外线抑制器利用一锥形排气岐管(3)产生
一种薄“带”状的排气羽烟,岐管有若干沿纵向与其排
成一直线的离散的排气喷口(6)。喷口在混合管(15)
内任意延伸,但与其保有间隔,混合管两端通向周围
大气,混合管将周围空气与排气羽烟混合。如用于直
升飞机,红外线辐射抑制器是可以转动的,这样,当桨
叶不转动时,排气能朝着基本上平行于直升飞机桨叶
的方向以防止它们受排气加热。
Description
本发明所涉及的技术领域是燃气轮机的红外线抑制器。
红外线辐射(IR)自动瞄准武器的出现使诸如飞机、导弹及直升机的飞行器对于空中发射和地面发射导弹攻击的易伤性大为增加。这些飞行器排出具有强红外线辐射讯号的灼热的发动机废气。此外,飞行器的动力装置总是包括散发强红外线辐射讯号的灼热金属部件。这些灼热金属部件通常和燃气轮机或喷气发动机的排气系统相联系。为了减轻飞行器这种脆弱性,必须减少或抑制这种红外线辐射讯号或特征。一般用两种方式来获得红外线辐射讯号的降低。第一种方法是把冷空气和发动机排气混合以降低它的温度和红外线辐射讯号。第二种机制是阻挡测试直线进入核心发动机。在这一方向,虽然已经取得了一定的进步,然而,为了产生满意的红外线辐射抑制效果,还需要进一步的努力。
本发明是针对燃气轮机的红外线抑制器的。它通过有效的结构,使周围空气和排气混合以降低废气的红外线辐射讯号,降低灼热排气部件的红外线辐射讯号,并切断进入排气喷口的测视线。
本发明利用一种锥形排气岐管来产生一种薄带状排气羽烟。这种锥形排气岐管有许多离散的排气喷口,在其纵轴线方向上和排气岐管同心。这些喷口在混合管内任意延伸,但和混合管彼此间隔,混合管两端通向外界空气。这些混合管将周围空气和排气羽烟混合。
在本发明的另一形式里,单个喷口(它沿纵轴线方向和岐管同心)代替许多离散的排气喷口。在这种形式里,喷口在混合管内延伸,但和其保有间隔,混合管两端是敞开的,它有一个足以阻止测视线进入喷口的弯道。
本发明的再一种形式是具有一可旋转的红外线辐射抑制器的直升机,因此当浆叶不转动时,排气能朝着大体平行于直升机浆叶的方向,以防止它们不受排气加热。
从说明书和权利要求书以及图示本发明实施例的附图中将会明显看出本发明的另一些特性和优点。
图1表示本发明的红外线抑制器局部断开的部件分解透视图;
图1A是具有一台燃气轮机的体现本发明的直升机的透视图;
图2表示图1红外线抑制器的正视图;
图3表示沿图1的红外线抑制器的3-3线所取的横剖面图;
图4是本发明的第二种红外线抑制器的局部断开的透视图;
图5表示图4的红外线抑制器的正视图;
图6表示沿图5的红外线抑制器的6-6线所取的横剖面图。
在图1中,排气岐管3具有一进口4,用以接收发动机的排气。排气岐管3是锥形的,具有一个自岐管进口4(上游)至岐管封闭端7(下游)逐渐缩小的横断面积。排气岐管3可以具有诸如圆的、椭圆的、正方的等各种各样的横断面形状。排气岐管3可以具有若干自岐管上延伸的喷口6,它们沿排气岐管3的实际长度配置。喷口6可以在排气岐管3上整体成型,或者可以借助于诸如紧固件用传统方法固定在其上面。喷口6自排气岐管3上大体垂直延伸,因为这样减弱了喷口6的导向装置作用(例如喷口6增加背压)。因此,每一喷口6有一基本无阻碍的通向周围大气的排气流道。喷管口9最好有一个大于约为6∶1的长宽比。因为这样形成一种类似于气带的长而薄的羽烟。由于带子的横断面是薄的,很不为红外线探测器所察觉。此外,带状排气比较容易消散在周围大气中,进一步减小了红外线特征。
在沿岐管3的任一预选点上,排气岐管横断面的总面积大体等于该预选点下游的喷管6的总面积。连同岐管进口面积和喷口面积这一相等,排气岐管3的锥度这样的,使沿着排气岐管3的长度有一大体不变的排气速度流量和大体不变的排气速度压力。这样,在没有采用可能增加背压并导致金属部件发热的导向装置的情况下,经喷口6沿着排气岐管3的长度形成了一个大体不变的排气转弯角。
所达到的特定的转角取决于特定的排气速度,并随其而变。一种用于直升机应用场合的典型的结构产生一个大约45°的不变的转角。
沿着排气岐管3,配置有若干用以使冷却空气和排气混合以降低排气红外线信号强度的混合管15。这些混合管有一上游孔口18,一下游孔口21和侧壁24。这些混合管大体垂直于支管3。因此,喷口6在混合管15内延伸,并与其同心。这些混合管可借助于诸如支架25的传统方法被直接连接在排气岐管上,或者可借助于一种适当的结构连接方法配置于岐管的上方。如图3中所示,混合管15和排气岐管3也保有间隔。这样,在喷口6和混合管15之间构成了一进口空间。混合管15还阻止了直喷向气喷口6的测视线27。因此为防止测视直线27从预定的角度达到热排气喷口6,须选择混合管侧壁24的高度和间隔。这样,从有限的视角,诸如那些基本上垂直于混合管侧壁24的角度,不能看到排气喷口。
由于排气是从喷口6经混合管15排出的,便产生一种文德利效应,将处于大气压力下的周围空气经喷口6周围的进口空间吸引到混合管15的上游孔口18处。这些空气和混合管15中的排气混合,并以较低的温度从混合管15的下游孔21处排出,从而减小了红外线辐射讯号的强度。此外,这些冷却空气降低了混合管侧壁24的壁温,因为在侧壁24和热排气之间配置了一冷却空气。这样,减小了灼热金属部件的红外线辐射讯号。
在图4中,用单个连续的喷口代替了许多纵向排成一直线的离散的喷口。单个弧形混合管代替了许多笔直的混合管。排气岐管53具有一入口54,用于接收发动机的排气。如图4、5中所示,排气岐管53是锥形的。从岐管入口54(上游)到封闭端57(下游)其横断面积逐渐递减。排气岐管53有一自岐管伸出的喷口56,它沿排气岐管53有一自岐管伸出的喷口56,它沿排气岐管53沿长度方向对中。正如前述结构一样,喷口56具有一个基本上畅通无阻地排到周围大气的排气流道。喷口56最好有一长宽比,构成最高的实用比例最好大于约60∶1,因为这样可形成一缕类似于气“带”的长而薄的羽烟。
混合管65配置于排气岐管53的外部。混合管65将冷却气体和排气混合以减弱排气的红外线辐射讯号。在图4中,混合管65包括一个沿排气岐管53配置的混合管65。混合管65基本上垂直于排气岐管53延伸,然后相对于排气岐管横向弯曲。混合管65有一上游孔口68,一下游孔口71和侧壁74。混合管上游孔口68和喷口孔59成流体连通。喷口56在混合管65内延伸,并和其对中。混合管65也和排气岐管53保持间隔。这样在喷口56和混合管65之间构成一进口间隙。
如同前述结构那样,这种红外线抑制器由于使排气和周围空气混合而减弱了红外线辐射图像,并经混合管排出混合后的混合物。此外,一层周围空气冷却膜覆盖于混和管65的内表面,防止温度显著升高,从而减弱了红外线辐射信号。这样,排气和灼热金属部件的红外线辐射特征便削弱了。最后,因为混合管65相对于排气岐管53横向弯曲,如在图6中所画的,进入排气喷口的测视线受到阻挡。
和现有技术装置相比,这些红外线辐射抑制器装置可以转动,以便改变排气羽烟的方向。图3和图6中的横截面图示了分别示于图1和图3的两红外线抑制器的这一特征。如图2年示,采用了用于转动该控制器的诸如操作器2的装置。在类似于图1A中所示形式的直升飞机应用场合里,朝向直升飞机浆叶的排气羽烟方向,通过排气和直升飞机下降涡流的混合,提高了对红外线辐射的抑制。此外,这样能消除基于地面和大多数空中的视测角。当直升飞机停在地面因而浆叶不转时,基本上平行于浆叶的排气羽烟方向(在图3和6中以虚线表示)保护了浆叶和任何可燃表面。
本发明提供了一种红外线辐射抑制器。除了旋翼和自由空气流相互作用外,它通过使周围空气和排气混合来减弱排气的红外线辐射讯号。此外,在不产生显著背压的情况下,该抑制器减弱了灼热排气部件的红外线辐射讯号并排除了进入排气喷口的测视线。最后,它提高了排气岐管的泵吸作用。这些控制器采用重量轻的结构来获得上述效果。因此,本发明通过提供一种以有效的方式来显著减弱总的红外线辐射讯号的红外线辐射抑制器,对红外线辐射控制领域作出了重大贡献。
应当明白,本发明并不限于其中所示和描述的个别实施例,可以作出种种变更和修改而没有超出如由下列权利要求书所限定的这种新概念的精神和范围。
Claims (7)
1、在一种燃气轮机排气红外线抑制器中,所述抑制器包括一根细长的锥形排气岐管,所述岐管具有一个用于接收排气的进口和若干与其成流体连通的间隔的岐管喷口,所述喷口沿所述岐管大致排成一直线以扩散排气,改进的特点在于:
a)每一喷口有一孔口,每一孔口沿纵向和所述喷口对中,而每一喷口具有一条通向周围大气的基一上畅通无阻的流道;
b)若干混合管,每一混合管具有侧壁、一上游孔口和一下游孔口,所述上、下游孔口均通向周围大气。
c)所述岐管喷口在所述混合管内延伸,但和其保有间隙。
2、按权利要求1所述的红外线控制器,其特征在于所述混合管阻挡测视线自大体垂直于所述混合管侧壁的各种角度进入每一喷口。
3、按权利要求1所述的红外线控制器,其特征在于所述燃气轮机为直升飞机浆叶提供动力并包括用于转动所述红外线控制器的装置,因此所述排气流道能朝着基本上平行于直升飞机浆叶的方向。
4、按权利要求1所述的红外线抑制器,其特征在于所述岐管具有一种递减的横截面积,在任一预选点的岐管横截面积大致等于该预选点下游的喷口的总面积。
5、在一种燃气轮机排气红外线抑制器中,所述抑制器包括一根细长的锥形排气岐管,所述岐管具有一个用于接收排气的进口和一个与所述岐管成流体连通的用于扩散排气的喷口,其改进的特点在于:
a)所述喷口沿岐管基本上成直线配置,所述喷口具有一孔口,所述孔口和岐管沿纵向对中,所述喷口具有一条通向周围大气的基一上畅道无阻的流道;
b)一根具有一上游孔口和一下游孔口的混合管,所述上、下游孔口均通向周围大气;
c)所述喷口在所述混合管内延伸,但与其保有间隔;
d)所述混合管具有一个足以阻挡测视线进入所述喷口的弯道;
6、一种具有为直升飞机浆叶提供动力的燃气轮机并包括一个发动机排气红外线抑制器的直升飞机,所述抑制器包括一细长的锥形排气岐管。所述排气岐管具有一个用于接收排气的进口和一个与岐管成流体连通的用于扩散排气的喷口,其改进的特点在于:
a)所述喷口具有一条通向周围大气的基本上畅流无阻的流道;
b)一混合管具有一上游孔口和一下游孔口,所述上、下游孔口均通向周围大气,所述喷口在所述混合管内延伸,并与其保有间隔;
c)用于转动所述抑制器,使所述排气流道能朝着基本上平行于直升飞机浆叶方向的装置。
7、在一种燃气机排气红外线抑制器中,所述抑制器包括一根细长的锥形排气岐管,所述岐管具有一个用于接收所述排气的进口和许多与岐管成流体连通的间隔的岐管喷口,所述喷口沿岐管大致被排成一直线以便扩散排气,其改进的特点在于每一喷口具有一孔口,每一孔口和岐管沿纵向对中,而每一喷口具有一条通向周围大气的基本上畅通无阻的排气流道。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/374,025 US5699965A (en) | 1989-06-30 | 1989-06-30 | Infrared suppressor for a gas turbine engine |
US374,025 | 1989-06-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1048429A true CN1048429A (zh) | 1991-01-09 |
CN1021987C CN1021987C (zh) | 1993-09-01 |
Family
ID=23474924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90103993A Expired - Fee Related CN1021987C (zh) | 1989-06-30 | 1990-05-31 | 燃气轮机的红外线抑制器 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5699965A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0406155B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2981672B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100197319B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1021987C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU644369B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2012176C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69005379T2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL94322A (zh) |
TR (1) | TR25157A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008025254A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-06 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | A process for starting up fluidized catalytic reaction means used for producing lower olefin |
CN110466742A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种直升机后机身开缝的一体化红外抑制系统及方法 |
Families Citing this family (19)
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US6122907A (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2000-09-26 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | IR suppressor |
US7284364B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-10-23 | Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, Inc. | Passive exhaust suppressor and method |
US6971240B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-12-06 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for exhausting gases from gas turbine engines |
US7823375B2 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2010-11-02 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Infrared suppression system |
US7703573B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2010-04-27 | Paccar Inc | Ported aerodynamic exhaust tailpipe |
US7971432B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2011-07-05 | Paccar Inc | Flow diffuser for exhaust pipe |
US20090014235A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | Paccar Inc | Flow diffuser for exhaust pipe |
US8209951B2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2012-07-03 | General Electric Company | Power generation system having an exhaust attemperating device |
EP2500269A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-19 | AGUSTAWESTLAND S.p.A. | Aircraft capable of hovering |
CN103063087A (zh) * | 2011-10-23 | 2013-04-24 | 刘竞阳 | 一种防止物体被红外线导弹追踪的方法 |
RU2480604C1 (ru) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Сатурн" (ОАО "НПО "Сатурн") | Турбореактивный двигатель |
NL2008470C2 (nl) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-16 | Daf Trucks Nv | Vrachtwagen voorzien van een inrichting voor het verlagen van de temperatuur van uitlaatgas. |
EP2719620A3 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2017-10-18 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Upturned exhaust system for rotary wing aircraft |
EP2719619B1 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2020-01-01 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Rotary wing aircraft having collocated exhaust duct and propeller shaft |
EP2719621A3 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2017-10-25 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Aft exhaust system for rotary wing aircraft |
EP3148880B1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2019-01-02 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Convertible engine exhaust for rotorcraft |
US20180149114A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-05-31 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Low infrared signature exhaust through active film cooling active mixing and acitve vane rotation |
US10988104B2 (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2021-04-27 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Airbag aspiration modules and related valve assemblies |
US11608189B2 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2023-03-21 | Textron Innovations Inc | Multistage infrared suppression exhaust system |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1070448B (zh) * | ||||
GB312023A (en) * | 1928-11-05 | 1929-05-23 | Terry Herbert & Sons Ltd | Improvements in silencers for use in connection with the exhaust pipes of internal-combustion engines |
US2690886A (en) * | 1952-07-08 | 1954-10-05 | Isidor B Laskowitz | Control for jet-powered convertible aircraft |
FR1318785A (fr) * | 1962-01-12 | 1963-02-22 | Bertin & Cie | Perfectionnements aux trompes à jets inducteurs minces, utilisables, notamment, à la sustentation |
US3628885A (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1971-12-21 | Gen Electric | Fluid-cooled airfoil |
US3981448A (en) * | 1970-04-23 | 1976-09-21 | The Garrett Corporation | Cooled infrared suppressor |
FR2087076A5 (zh) * | 1970-05-04 | 1971-12-31 | Bertin & Cie | |
US3926373A (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1975-12-16 | Us Air Force | Thrust augmentation system with oscillating jet nozzles |
US3921906A (en) * | 1974-12-02 | 1975-11-25 | Gen Electric | Infrared suppression system for a gas turbine engine |
SE7613713L (sv) * | 1976-01-17 | 1977-07-18 | Pusch Gunter | Sett och anordning for maskering av forbrenningsmotorers avgasror |
JPS5813734B2 (ja) * | 1977-12-13 | 1983-03-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | エンジンの排気デイフユ−ザ |
US4312480A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1982-01-26 | Hughes Helicopters, Inc. | Radiation shielding and gas diffusion apparatus |
DE3010598C2 (de) * | 1980-03-20 | 1984-05-24 | Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln | Durch Umgebungsluft gekühltes Abgasrohr |
-
1989
- 1989-06-30 US US07/374,025 patent/US5699965A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-14 CA CA002012176A patent/CA2012176C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-08 IL IL94322A patent/IL94322A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-23 DE DE90630109T patent/DE69005379T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-23 EP EP90630109A patent/EP0406155B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-30 JP JP2141228A patent/JP2981672B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 CN CN90103993A patent/CN1021987C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-15 AU AU57514/90A patent/AU644369B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-26 TR TR90/0569A patent/TR25157A/xx unknown
- 1990-06-30 KR KR1019900009961A patent/KR100197319B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008025254A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-06 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | A process for starting up fluidized catalytic reaction means used for producing lower olefin |
CN110466742A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种直升机后机身开缝的一体化红外抑制系统及方法 |
CN110466742B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-04-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种直升机后机身开缝的一体化红外抑制系统及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR910001351A (ko) | 1991-01-30 |
IL94322A0 (en) | 1991-03-10 |
AU5751490A (en) | 1991-01-03 |
CN1021987C (zh) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0406155A1 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
DE69005379D1 (de) | 1994-02-03 |
TR25157A (tr) | 1992-11-01 |
JPH0337334A (ja) | 1991-02-18 |
KR100197319B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
JP2981672B2 (ja) | 1999-11-22 |
DE69005379T2 (de) | 1994-05-05 |
US5699965A (en) | 1997-12-23 |
EP0406155B1 (en) | 1993-12-22 |
IL94322A (en) | 1993-07-08 |
AU644369B2 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
CA2012176A1 (en) | 1990-12-31 |
CA2012176C (en) | 1999-10-12 |
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