CN104838226A - 弹道防护纺织结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

弹道防护纺织结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104838226A
CN104838226A CN201380063627.5A CN201380063627A CN104838226A CN 104838226 A CN104838226 A CN 104838226A CN 201380063627 A CN201380063627 A CN 201380063627A CN 104838226 A CN104838226 A CN 104838226A
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thermoplastic
latitude
flat rubber
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rubber belting
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CN104838226B (zh
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保罗·卡诺尼卡
保罗·加里波迪
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02Plate construction
    • F41H5/04Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/144Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers using layers with different mechanical or chemical conditions or properties, e.g. layers with different thermal shrinkage, layers under tension during bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/07Parts immersed or impregnated in a matrix
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/18Fabrics, textiles
    • B32B2305/188Woven fabrics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2319/00Synthetic rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3065Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/3089Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified
    • Y10T442/3114Cross-sectional configuration of the strand material is other than circular

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Abstract

一种复合弹道防护纺织结构,包括至少纺织元件以及一个或多个纺织或热塑性基体元件。第一纺织元件(1)包括单向纱线纤维或平带。第二纺织元件(2)包括由单向纱线或热塑性膜组成的平带元件。另外的元件(3)包括基于橡胶、弹性体聚合物的或者用热塑性膜层压的热塑性基体布置,以用于稳定该结构并减小子弹损伤冲击。

Description

弹道防护纺织结构及其制造方法
发明背景
本发明涉及一种弹道防护纺织结构及其制造方法。
更具体地,本发明涉及一种通常被称为“软盔甲”的个人弹道防护纺织结构。
众所周知,织物材料拒绝刀或尖的工具穿透或者子弹的能力基本上取决于所使用的纺织纤维的性质、织物材料织法和每表面单位的织物材料重量或者织物面密度。
对用于上述应用的改进的小重量且舒服的织物材料的需求是弹道防护服装的若干个领域的主要市场需求。
现在,形成弹道防护织物的主要增强纤维大体包括对位芳纶和UHMWPE纤维,由于其特有的机械性能,其适合于有效地吸收施加到其上的力。
在所谓的“UD”或单向产品中,布置成平行排列的增强纤维联接到大体上作为用于所述纤维的胶的合适的膜或树脂材料,以在制造防护装置或服装时允许纤维层被处理,而不会造成纤维的平行排列改变。
关于这一点,应当指出,纤维的重量/基体的比(weight/matrix ratio)联合纱线和支撑材料特征控制着产品的弹道性能。
UD弹道防护服装通常具有比纺织方法更少的灵活性和悬垂能力,因此,服装的舒适条件非常差。
实际上,UD物品的平行纤维布置和主要地纺织品的织缩(即经纱和纬纱的跨越)是提供给纺织材料对子弹、碎片、刀、尖的工具等最大抵抗的设计参数,因为所述纤维均以平行排列布置且沿单一的轴线方向对准。
由于上述提到的经纱和纬纱的织缩,并且因此由于纤维在经纱和纬纱的重叠点处远离其轴线而偏移,因此物品的机械强度值通常低于UD结构中相同纤维的机械强度值。
使用高韧性的纤维(例如对位芳纶和UHMWPE纤维)来提供重叠的单向产品对于在柔性和刚性的纺织结构中的应用是已知的。
上述结构可进一步经受浸渍程序,以提高其耐冲击性,同时部分修改其弯曲特性。
制造上述纺织物品的常规方法包括机械地打开纤维的打开步骤和通过不同的热塑性基体布置而进行的稳定化步骤。
上述工序虽然允许适当地利用纱线并且减少成品的重量,然而另一方面大大降低纱线的机械特性。
关于这一点,应当指出,与均质织物不同的非整体性质的不同的商业方法目前是可用的,以满足不同的相关标准,并且提供抵抗常规的子弹但是不抵抗军用枪的子弹的物品,在军用枪的子弹的情况下,需要改进的保护能力,其通常通过另外的加强板(例如陶瓷或UHMWPE材料的加强板)来实现。
发明概述
因此,本发明的目的是提供这样一种复合结构纺织产品和一种制造其的方法以用于弹道防护领域,其克服现有纺织结构的上述提到问题,同时保持织物材料通常的弯曲特性。
在上述提到目的的范围内,本发明的主要目的是提供这样一种纺织产品和一种制造其的方法,其提供用于UD产品的可选择的纺织结构,同时克服UD产品的局限性。
实际上,在许多工业应用中,包括单向(UD)布置在薄的树脂或热塑性膜层上的开放的纤维的防护服装通过提供更小的面密度值同时保持高的弹道性能来替代织物材料,服装重量相同,因为UD产品不是通过纺织方法制成,而是通过其他工业领域的其他特有的工艺制成。
在上述提到目的内,本发明的主要目的是提供这样一种复合纺织服装或结构,其包括优选地由对位芳纶或UHMPE、玻璃、PBO纤维组成的经纱和对位芳纶薄膜或纱线带形式的热塑性材料(PET、PP、PE、UHMWPE、PU等)的纬纱。
而且,由此制成的结构通过合适的层压方法处理,以局部软化或融化纬纱热塑性材料,并提供由用作结合材料的单向的纬纱热塑性材料制成彼此刚性的经纤维。
如果和一定数量的相同类型或甚至不同纺织结构和材料的其他层结合使用,则这个方案允许面密度相同,以提供穿透的子弹能量的快速分散,从而阻止子弹的运动和穿透。
下文公开的结构和方法主要用于制造混合类型或者整体类型的弹道防护服装或者产品,以用于以上所称的软防护应用。
根据本发明的一个方面,上述提到的目标和目的以及将在下文变得更加清楚的其他目的通过如所附权利要求书中要求保护的弹道防护纺织结构或者构造以及制造其的方法来实现。
附图简述
本发明另外的特征和优点将通过下面本发明的优选但非排它的实施方案的详细公开在下文变得更加清楚,该实施方案在附图中通过陈述性但非限制性的例子示出,其中:
图1是根据本发明的弹道防护纺织结构的透视图;
图2是根据本发明的弹道防护纺织结构的剖视图;
图3是根据本发明的弹道防护纺织结构的另一剖视图;以及
图4和图5是根据本发明的弹道防护纺织结构的两个另外的局部剖视透视图。
优选实施方案的描述
参考上述提到的附图的参考标记,根据本发明的方法包括第一平织或平纹编织步骤,在该步骤中制造通常由参考标记1表示、包括单向经向纤维或平带的第一元件。
所述平带设置在合适的纱架上,且以经向排列与第二元件2交错,其由类似的单向线平带或者热塑性基体膜构成。
经向部件可包括由商业上可获得的对位芳纶基体制成的经纱或平带,如或类似物,或者商业上可获得的UHMWPE基体的经纱或平带,如或类似物。
纬纱有利地包括高韧性的纱。
关于这一点,应当指出,使用的纱没有任何线密度限制。
纬纱依次地包括通过胶、粘合剂或热塑性材料合适地处理的对位芳纶基体的平带元件,如或其他商业上可获得的对位芳纶基体布置,或者还包括UHMWPE基体的平带元件,如 或其他商业上可获得的布置,或者还包括热塑性膜如PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或原则上适合于挤出膜的任何所需的热塑性材料或目标热塑性材料。
保持这样的纱线/热塑性材料的比率而不会负面影响最终能量或力量分散特性的最合适的条件通过使用作为纬纱或纬纱线布置的高度小于或等于2cm的平带元件来实现。
因此,制造的材料经受进一步的稳定化处理,包括通过热轧光(calendering)或层压或者通过“IR”灯局部融化热塑性基体,在根据使用的热塑性材料而改变的操作条件下操作。
该稳定化方法可在织机上串联地和在专用系统上平行地实施。
上述材料组合还可被由参考标记3表示的另外的元件如基于橡胶或弹性体聚合物或者其组合的热塑性基体浸渍,或者被不同的热塑性膜如PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或原则上提供挤出膜的任何热塑性材料层压。
由于粘弹性纤维的变形、断裂或原纤化,因此上述提到的另外的部件通过下层的支撑来促进冲击能量分布。
此外,热塑性浸渍通过模制方法适当地压紧包括上述提到的元件1和2的一个或多个支撑层。
参考图4和图5,主体纺织结构的例子在此示出,参考标记1示出具有高韧性的热塑性膜或纱线平带,并且参考标记2表示高韧性的纱线,参考标记3也表示高韧性的纱线,并且参考标记4示出热塑性膜-网状物-非织造织物。
弹道数据显示上述结构未提供类似可通过各个的层获得的结果的结果。
实际上,间隙或间断的存在有利于减少源于子弹冲击的损伤,且有利于改进能量分布。
所述的间断或间隙包括空气或其他所需的材料(如不同密度和厚度的毛毡或者泡沫材料)。
下文提到的例子已经通过由申请人进行的实验测试实现,且仅通过说明性的并且非限制性的目的在此示出。
具体地,示出的测试与根据各个层的重量具有5.10kg/m2和5.2kg/m2的重量的包裹相关。
包裹被应用于橡皮块,其设计为验证以根据NIJ标准即9mm口径FMJRN和44弹仓JHC子弹的发射速度发射的子弹的损伤,以测量VO值。
对于每一个包裹发射三枪。
实施例1
28层的0°/90°交叉单向织物包括930分特的复丝对位芳纶纤维经纱(元件1)和通过PE基热塑性膜稳定化的中等韧性2cm的平带(元件2)。
速度和损伤数据显示在下表中:
9mm口径FMJ RN
口径44弹仓
实施例2
38层的0°/90°交叉单向织物包括930分特的复丝对位芳纶纤维经纱(元件1)和2cm的离子交联聚乙烯膜平带(元件2)。
速度和损伤数据显示在下表中:
9mm口径FMJ RN
口径44弹仓JHC
实施例3
54层的0°/90°交叉单向织物包括670分特的复丝对位芳纶纤维经纱(元件1)和2cm的离子交联聚乙烯膜平带(元件2)。
速度和损伤数据显示在下表中:
9mm口径FMJ RN
口径44弹仓JHG
已发现,本发明完全实现了预期的目标和目的。
在实施本发明时,选择的细节可相对于包裹的各个的结构层以及相对于各个层组成元件两者而不同。

Claims (13)

1.一种弹道防护纺织结构,其特征在于,所述结构包括:
-第一纺织元件,其位于经向方向,包括单向基体纱线或平带,以用于通过使所述纤维断裂或原纤化来分散与子弹冲击相关联的能量的一部分;
-第二纺织元件,其位于纬向方向,包括单向平带或热塑性材料,以用于分散子弹冲击能量;以及
-第三非纺织元件,其用于稳定并减小子弹冲击的损伤,所述第三非纺织元件包括热塑性基体布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述第一经纺织元件包括对位芳纶基体纱线或平带,如或类似物,或者UHMWPE基体的纱线或平带,如或类似物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述第二纺织纬元件包括通过胶、粘合剂或热塑性基体材料处理的对位芳纶基体的平带,如或类似物,或者UHMWPE基体平带,如 或类似物,或者如PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于挤压成膜形式的任何热塑性材料的热塑性膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述纬平带元件具有小于或等于2cm的高度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述热塑性基体布置包括橡胶或者弹性体聚合物材料或者其组合,或者用如PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于挤压成膜形式的任何热塑性材料的热塑性膜层压。
6.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述第一经元件和第二纬元件至少部分地被浸渍或层压。
7.一种用于制造弹道防护纺织结构的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括提供以下的步骤:
-第一纺织经元件,其包括适合于通过纤维断裂或原纤化来分散子弹冲击能量的一部分的单向纤维或平带,
-第二纺织纬元件,其包括适合于共同分散所述子弹冲击能量的单向纤维或平带元件或热塑性材料,
-第三非纺织元件,其用于稳定并减小由于子弹冲击造成的损伤,所述非纺织元件包括基于橡胶或弹性体聚合物的热塑性基体布置,
且所述方法还包括在筒子架上布置所述第一经元件且使所述第一经元件和所述第二纬元件交错的步骤。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括通过部分融化所述第二纬元件来稳定所述结构的步骤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二纬元件的所述部分融化通过轧光实施。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二纬元件的所述部分融化通过热层压实施。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二纬元件的所述部分融化通过IR灯实施。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括通过包括橡胶或弹性体聚合物或者其组合的热塑性基体材料来浸渍所述结构或者通过选自PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于挤压成膜形式的任何热塑性材料的热塑性膜来层压所述结构的步骤。
13.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括将所述第一经元件和所述第二纬元件的所述层中的一个或多个模制到紧凑状态的步骤。
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