CN104833336A - Satellite side-sway angle obtaining method based on image characteristics - Google Patents
Satellite side-sway angle obtaining method based on image characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A satellite side-sway angle obtaining method based on the image characteristics comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining the imaging date of a remote sensing image; (2) choosing a proper landmark on the remote sensing image, and obtaining latitude information of the landmark; (3) according to the parameters of the satellite orbit, obtaining the imaging local time (Tlocal) of the latitude of the landmark; (4) according to Tlocal, calculating the solar time angle (Tangle); (5) calculating the solar declination [delta] of the imaging date; (6) calculating the solar altitude according to [delta], Tangle, and the latitude (Lat) of the landmark; (7) measuring the shadow length (Lshadow) of the landmark on the remote sensing image, and calculating the height of the landmark (Height) by combining the solar altitude; (8) measuring the projection difference (Lproject) of the landmark on the remote sensing image, and finally calculating the side-sway angle (Sangle) when satellite imaging is carrying out according to the Height. The provided method can obtain the side-sway angle of a satellite through a remote sensing image by using the remote sensing satellite imaging mechanism and sunshine geometrical relationships, when the ephemeris data cannot be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of remote sensing image processing, the method for satellite side-sway angle when relating to the feature calculation remote sensing data acquiring of high-lager building in a kind of imaging time according to remote sensing images and remote sensing images.
Background technology
Current remote sensing satellite great majority adopt Sun synchronization repeating orbit, and the recurrence characteristic of Sun synchronization repeating orbit can ensure that satellite substar position behind some skies overlaps.But the usual recursion period of Sun synchronization repeating orbit is longer, the recursion period of High Resolution Remote Sensing Satellites general all in 40 to 100 days not etc.The mobility of remote sensing satellite can improve the ageing of satellite data acquisition, and this just needs off the beaten track substar screening-mode, carries out side-sway to the camera that the whole star of satellite or satellite carry.According to the Track desigh of existing remote sensing satellite, the time of heavily visiting same place under satellite side-sway condition at 3 days to 6 days not etc., can improve the possibility of data acquisition thus greatly.
Side-sway also reduces the quality of remote sensing images while being imaged on quick obtaining data, especially more obvious on the impact of picture quality when side-sway angle is larger.The aperture first due to camera spy and focal length are fixing, and along with the increase of side-sway angle, the resolution of ground pixel decreases, and the pixel resolution deviating from substar underspeeds faster.Meanwhile, satellite side-sway, by causing the resolution of ground, satellite flight horizontal and vertical direction pixel inconsistent, causes image to distort.Therefore, satellite side-sway angle when obtaining remote sensing data acquiring has vital meaning to the quality evaluating remote sensing images.
Usually, satellite side-sway information can obtain from almanac data.Include the attitude information of satellite in satellite almanac data, satellite adopts roll angle during whole star side-sway imaging to be satellite side-sway angle.But for remote sensing satellite data user, the almanac data of satellite is underground, is therefore difficult to the side-sway angle obtaining satellite, and does not also calculate the correlation technique of satellite side-sway angle at present based on remote sensing image data.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, under providing a kind of condition almanac data cannot be obtained, utilize the imaging mechanism of remote sensing satellite and the geometric relationship of solar irradiation, when obtaining image imaging by the image shade of high-lager building and floor projection difference, the method for satellite side-sway angle, can provide reliable foundation for the judge of successive image quality.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of satellite side-sway angle acquisition methods based on characteristics of image, comprises the steps:
(1) the imaging date of remote sensing images is obtained;
(2) on remote sensing images, choose typical feature, determine the latitude and longitude information of typical feature, wherein longitude is designated as Lon, and latitude is designated as Lat;
(3) according to the orbit parameter of satellite, the imaging local time of typical feature place latitude is obtained
wherein T
uTCfor satellite is through the Coordinated Universal Time(UTC) of typical feature place latitude;
(4) according to the T that step (3) obtains
localcalculate solar hour angle T
angle=(12-T
local) * 15;
(5) the solar declination δ of picture date is calculated to be
,
δ＝arcsin(0.39795cos(0.98563(N-173)))
Wherein N is the number of days from starting January 1 then to calculate;
(6) according to solar declination δ, solar hour angle T
angle, typical feature latitude Lat calculate sun altitude H=arcsin (sinLatsin δ+cosLatcos δ cosT
angle);
(7) the length L of typical feature shade on remote sensing images is measured
shadow, then the height H eight=L of typical feature is calculated according to sun altitude H
shadowtanH;
(8) the height displacement L of typical feature on remote sensing images is measured
project, then side-sway angle when calculating satellite imagery according to object height Height
T in described step (3)
uTCthe nominal track of satellite is utilized to calculate by STK software.L in described step (7)
shadowobtained by ArcGIS software measurement.L in described step (8)
projectobtained by ArcGIS software measurement.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1) data (comprising the shade in imaging date, image and height displacement) required when utilizing the present invention to obtain satellite side-sway angle calculation are only from image, these type of data easily obtain, and without the need to understanding the attitude information that satellite runs in space, for remotely-sensed data user provides a kind of approach that only can obtain satellite side-sway angle from the characters of ground object image, method is easy.
(2) the present invention utilizes the geometric relationship of the imaging mechanism of remote sensing satellite and solar irradiation can calculate satellite side-sway angle, and computation process is simple, can obtain the side-sway angle of satellite fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is solar irradiation of the present invention and satellite side-sway shooting principle schematic.
Embodiment
Without in side-sway situation, satellite imagery is from zenith direction imaging, and the roof of high-lager building and ground are overlap on image.In side-sway situation, due to the change of direction of visual lines, roof and ground have displacement on image, and this displacement is height displacement.Meanwhile, during remote sensing satellite imaging, the direction of illumination of the sun is not zenith direction, and high-lager building can produce shade on ground under shining upon.According to the imaging mechanism of remote sensing satellite and the geometric relationship of solar irradiation, if calculate sun altitude and building effects, then can calculate the true altitude of buildings, then can be calculated the side-sway angle of satellite by the true altitude of buildings and height displacement.
Based on above-mentioned principle, as shown in Figure 1, key step is as follows for the flow process of the inventive method:
Step one: the imaging date confirming image according to the filename of remote sensing images;
The filename of remote sensing images has set form, and current domestic satellite remote sensing date filename representation is AAA_BBB_CDDD.D_EFFF.F_GGGGGGGG_HHHJJJJJJJJJJ-KKKK.LLLL, and the implication of key word is as follows: AAA represents satellite designation; BBB represents sensor name; C represents longitude, and east longitude is E, and west longitude is W; DDD.D represents scape center latitude coordinate, retains a radix point; E represents latitude, and north latitude is N, and south latitude is S; FFF.F represents scape center latitude coordinate, retains a radix point; GGGGGGGG is expressed as the picture date, and first 4 is the time, and 5-6 position is month, and 7-8 position is the date; HHH represents product rank; JJJJJJJJJJ represents production number; KKKK represents band class information; LLLL represents file layout.
For Shanghai scape image, file is called GF1_PMS2_E121.6_N31.0_20130805_L2A0000477619-PAN2.GIFf, wherein GF1 represents high score satellite, PMS2 represents panchromatic multispectral sensor, E121.6 represents that the longitude of scape central point is east longitude 121.6 degree, N31 represents that the latitude of scape central point is north latitude 31 degree, 20130805 represent that gathering the date is on August 5th, 2013, L2A0000477619 represents that product rank is 2A level and the product being numbered 477619, PAN2 represents panchromatic wave-band, and tiff represents Tagged Image File (TIF) Format.Date is the important parameter calculating declination.
Step 2: find out typical feature on image, obtains the latitude and longitude information of typical feature;
Atural object is chosen and is followed following rule: (1) chooses the more elongated typical feature of atural object itself as far as possible, atural object live wire bar, television tower, office building, windmill etc. that atural object itself is more elongated, and elongated atural object in the picture shade is longer; (2) choose the typical feature large with periphery color contrast as far as possible, shade color is partially dark, if periphery atural object is light tone partially, better choose, high building in city and the windmill in desert are more satisfactory selections, massif should not be selected, massif shade and this color on remote sensing images of massif all partially secretly, are not easily distinguishable.(3) choose the smooth atural object of periphery physical features, the proportionate relationship of the regional atural object shade root atural object that physical features is smooth itself is only coordination, and shade can not deform on ground as far as possible.The atural object meeting above rule is conveniently found on the one hand on map, facilitates follow-up measurement on the other hand and reduces the error of calculation.
Suppose that the longitude of typical feature is Lon, latitude is Lat, and unit is degree.Lon is the important parameter of local time conversion, and latitude is the important parameter calculating sun altitude.
Step 3: the imaging local time obtaining typical feature latitude according to the orbit parameter of satellite;
General satellite orbit adopts Sun synchronization repeating orbit, and the feature of this track is through the local time of same latitude unanimously, and has nothing to do with longitude and imaging date.STK software can be utilized to calculate the local time T of satellite through typical feature place latitude according to the nominal track of satellite
uTCor Beijing time T
bJ.T
uTCtime is the local time after Greenwich meridian (longitude is 0 degree) considers jump second, also cries and coordinates local time, T
bJthe local time of 120 degree that time, to be longitude be, during longitude difference 15 degree, local time differs 1 hour on earth.Therefore, can change by following formula between the two:
T
uTC=T
bJ-8 (hours)
According to above principle, by T
uTCthe local time T of typical feature imaging and then can be converted to the longitude of typical feature
local, being positive number when Lon is east longitude, is negative when being west longitude:
Step 4: the imaging time of typical feature calculated solar hour angle according to the same day;
Solar hour angle is the meridian angle of local meridian circle and subsolar point place.When local meridian circle overlaps with subsolar point place meridian circle, now local time is point at high noon 12, and solar hour angle is 0 degree.When local meridian circle does not overlap with subsolar point place meridian circle, both angles can be calculated according to local time, differ a hour then solar hour angle difference 15 degree at local time and high noon 12.Such as, local time be at 6 in the morning and at 18 in afternoon time, solar hour angle is 90 degree.Therefore, local time there is known, then can calculate the solar hour angle T of imaging date typical feature imaging
angle:
T
angle=(12-T
local) * 15 (degree)
Step 5: the latitude calculating the sun direct projection earth surface on the same day according to the imaging date, i.e. declination;
Solar declination is the line in the sun and the earth's core and the angle of equatorial plane.Solar declination take year as mechanical periodicity, according to documents and materials (Cao Junru etc. geodetic latitude calculate shadows cast by the sun elevation angle method [J]. mapping circular, 2012 (08): 58-59.), the change of solar declination can adopt following skeleton symbol to calculate:
δ=arcsin (0.39795cos (0.98563 (N-173))) (degree)
Wherein N is number of days, and from starting January 1 then to calculate, such as on August 5th, 2013 is 217 at the number of days of 2013.
Step 6: according to latitude and the solar hour angle calculating sun altitude of declination, typical feature;
After the latitude of solar hour angle, solar declination and typical feature is all known, then can calculate the sun altitude H that it's the typical feature moment pasts satellite, according to the spherical trigonometry cosine law, computing method adopt following formula:
H=arcsin (sinLatsin δ+cosLatcos δ cosT
angle) (degree)
Step 7: the length measuring typical feature shade on remote sensing images, then the height of typical feature is calculated according to sun altitude;
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, AO is buildings, A point is the roof of buildings, O is the ground of buildings, and according to the principle of two one lines, the line of the sun and A point is exactly the light direction of illumination of the sun, the intersection point on this straight line and ground is B, namely B point is the shade of A point on ground, and therefore in figure, BO is exactly the shadow length of building A O, supposes that the shadow length measured is L
shadow.
In figure, the angle ∠ ABO of AB and BO two straight lines is exactly sun altitude H, according to the geometric relationship of plane triangle, in right-angle triangle ABO, by shadow length L
shadowthen can calculate the height H eight of building A O with sun altitude H, computing method adopt following formula:
Height=L
shadowtanH (rice)
Atural object shade in image can be measured in ArcGIS software.
Step 8: measure the height displacement of typical feature, then side-sway angle when calculating satellite imagery according to object height.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, when satellite is without side-sway, the roof A point of building A O and ground O point are same point in the picture.Due to satellite side-sway, sight line is not vertical direction.The direction of satellite and roof A is direction of visual lines, show on image with the intersection point C on ground and overlap with roof A, because direction of visual lines has blocking of building A O, therefore in fact on image C point position display be the type of ground objects of A point, the distance of CO on image is exactly height displacement L
project.
Height displacement in image can measure in ArcGIS software.
Because building A O is vertical direction, according to the character of parallel lines, ∠ CAO and satellite side-sway angle S
angleequal.Again according to the geometric relationship of plane triangle, in right-angle triangle ACO, by object height Height and atural object height displacement L
projectthen can calculate the side-sway angle S of satellite
angle, computing method adopt following formula:
Embodiment
The image choosing high score satellite on August 5th, 2013 calculates, adopt the panchromatic image in different resolution of 2m, the typical feature chosen in image is Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the longitude finding out television tower from image is east longitude 121.5 degree, latitude is 31.23 degree, and the television tower shadow length measured from figure is 168 meters, and height displacement is 125.5 meters, the UTC time calculates according to the nominal track of a high score satellite, and calculating according to track wink root the UTC time that satellite crosses typical feature in this example is 2:56:39.
Information is had and measurement data can calculate according to image:
Solar hour angle T
angle=(12-(2+56/60+39/3600)) * 15=14.3375 degree;
Declination δ=arcsin (0.39795*cos (0.98563* (217-173)))=16.8157 degree;
Sun altitude H=arcsin (sin (31.23) * sin (16.8157)+
Cos (31.23) * cos (16.8157) * cos (14.3375)=70.6110 degree;
Depth of building Height=168*tan (70.611)=477.3543 meter;
Side-sway angle S
angle=arctan (125.5/477.3543)=15.42 degree
According to the satellite almanac data of reality, be 15.09 degree in the roll angle of imaging moment satellite, differ 0.31 degree with adopting the result of calculation of the inventive method, error is in engineering permissible range.
The content be not described in detail in instructions of the present invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1., based on a satellite side-sway angle acquisition methods for characteristics of image, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) the imaging date of remote sensing images is obtained;
(2) on remote sensing images, choose typical feature, determine the latitude and longitude information of typical feature, wherein longitude is designated as Lon, and latitude is designated as Lat;
(3) according to the orbit parameter of satellite, the imaging local time of typical feature place latitude is obtained
wherein T
uTCfor satellite is through the Coordinated Universal Time(UTC) of typical feature place latitude;
(4) according to the T that step (3) obtains
localcalculate solar hour angle T
angle=(12-T
local) * 15;
(5) the solar declination δ of picture date is calculated to be,
δ＝arcsin(0.39795cos(0.98563(N-173)))
Wherein N is the number of days from starting January 1 then to calculate;
(6) according to solar declination δ, solar hour angle T
angle, typical feature latitude Lat calculate sun altitude H=arcsin (sinLatsin δ+cosLatcos δ cosT
angle);
(7) the length L of typical feature shade on remote sensing images is measured
shadow, then the height H eight=L of typical feature is calculated according to sun altitude H
shadowtanH;
(8) the height displacement L of typical feature on remote sensing images is measured
project, then side-sway angle when calculating satellite imagery according to object height Height
2. a kind of satellite side-sway angle acquisition methods based on characteristics of image according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the T in described step (3)
uTCthe nominal track of satellite is utilized to calculate by STK software.
3. a kind of satellite side-sway angle acquisition methods based on characteristics of image according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the L in described step (7)
shadowobtained by ArcGIS software measurement.
4. a kind of satellite side-sway angle acquisition methods based on characteristics of image according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the L in described step (8)
projectobtained by ArcGIS software measurement.
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| CN111060077A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-24 | 彭耿 | Remote sensing satellite image positioning method based on sparse control points |
| CN111540007A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-14 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Method for estimating storage capacity of oil tank by utilizing SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image |
| CN111540007B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-04-28 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Method for estimating oil tank storage capacity by SAR image |
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