CN104830304B - 一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂,由如下质量份的各组分组成,25‑60%质量份的缩水甘油醚,2‑30%质量份的助剂,8‑30%助活性剂和5‑20%催化剂,其余为水。采用多种成分复合制备采油剂,助剂缩水甘油醚具有较高的表面活性,在助剂与助活性剂的复合作用下,能够有效的应用于低渗透油藏储层内,克服低渗透油藏储层孔隙小、喉道细、比表面积大的缺点,实现高效率驱油的目的;驱油率达到42.5‑44.6%左右,比目前的驱油剂驱油效率有大幅的提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钻井用采油助剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前世界上大多数油田都已进入开采中后期,油藏经历了一次采油和二次采油后,仍有超过60%的石油地质储量残留在油藏的岩石孔隙中。目前,三次采油方法很多,表面活性剂在三次采油中得到人们的普遍重视,由于使用表面活性剂可降低油水间的界面张力,减小毛细管中残余油的滞留力,因而驱油效率较高。虽然表面活性剂的种类非常多,但由于原油成分复杂,又要考虑地层吸附损失,所以,真正能应用到三次采油中的表面活性剂不多。
目前国内外研制开发的驱油用表面活性剂主要是阴离子磺酸盐( 石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等) 和羧酸盐以及非离子表面活性剂。石油磺酸盐虽已被广泛使用,但由于其有效成分芳香族化合物的比例很小,所以使用浓度较高。早期的表面活性剂在低渗油藏渗吸驱油的采收率一般低于5%,并且采油速度较慢,使得渗吸采油在油田应用中的效果受到限制。特别由于低渗油藏储集空间物理性质的复杂性和特殊性,决定了渗吸效果控制着低渗油藏水驱开发动态与开发效果,而现场所采用的表面活性剂对渗吸驱油效果的影响将决定着措施成败。
虽然已经有很多表面活性剂用作驱油剂,但是由于低渗透油藏储层孔隙小、喉道细、比表面积大、固液表面分子力作用和原油边界层厚等因素影响,原油采收率还是较低。如何提高低渗油藏中的采收率,仍然是一个亟待解决的技术问题。
有鉴于上述现有的采油存在的缺陷,本发明人基于从事此类产品设计制造多年丰富的实务经验及专业知识,并配合学理的运用,积极加以研究创新,以期创设一种新型乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法,使其更具有实用性。经过不断的研究、设计,并经反复试作样品及改进后,终于创设出确具实用价值的本发明。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有的采油存在的缺陷,一是提供一种新型乳化型驱渗型采油剂,二是提供这种采油剂的制备方法,提高驱油效率,从而更加适于实用,且具有产业上的利用价值。
本发明采用以下技术方案:一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂,所述采油剂包括以下成分(质量百分含量):25-60%的缩水甘油醚,2-30%的助剂,8-30%助活性剂和5-20%催化剂,其余为水;
缩水甘油醚为实验室自制:在装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计的烧瓶中,加入间苯二酚、环氧氯丙烷和季铵盐催化剂,搅拌并加热到85度左右,保持4小时,进行醚化反应;醚化反应完成后将体系调整为减压共沸状态,温度在65度左右,真空度为-0.08MPa,滴加碱液,进行闭环反应,减压回收,回收温度为140度左右;回收完毕后加入溶剂溶解,进行精制反应,补充缺少的溶剂,加入熔盐,静置分相,中和、洗涤,挥发冷却后过滤,得到间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚;
助剂为二异氰酸酯、柠檬酸、磷酸、尿素、乙二胺中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物;
助活性剂为咪唑、四氢嘧啶中的一种;
所述催化剂为碱金属氢氧化物或者叔胺。
一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂的制备方法,按照如下配比准备原料(质量百分含量):25-60%质量份的主剂,2-30%质量份的助剂,8-30%助活性剂和5-20%催化剂,其余为水;
具体操作步骤如下:
(1)将主剂配置成浓度为2-10%的水溶液;
(2)将助剂配成浓度为0.2-3.5%的水溶液;
(3)将助活性剂配置成浓度为0.1-1.5%的水溶液;
(4)将上述三种成分的水溶液与催化剂一起搅拌均匀,并补充剩余的水,得到目标产物;
所述主剂为缩水甘油醚;该缩水甘油醚为实验室自制:在装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计的烧瓶中,加入间苯二酚、环氧氯丙烷和季铵盐催化剂,搅拌并加热到85度左右,保持4小时,进行醚化反应;醚化反应完成后将体系调整为减压共沸状态,温度在65度左右,真空度为-0.08MPa,滴加碱液,进行闭环反应,减压回收,回收温度为140度左右;回收完毕后加入溶剂溶解,进行精制反应,补充缺少的溶剂,加入熔盐,静置分相,中和、洗涤,挥发冷却后过滤,得到间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚;
所述助剂为二异氰酸酯、柠檬酸、磷酸、尿素、乙二胺中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物;
所述助活性剂为咪唑、四氢嘧啶;
所述催化剂为碱金属氢氧化物或者叔胺。
本发明乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法至少具有下列优点:
本发明乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法,采用多种成分复合制备采油剂,助剂缩水甘油醚具有较高的表面活性,在助剂与助活性剂的复合作用下,能够有效的应用于低渗透油藏储层内,克服低渗透油藏储层孔隙小、喉道细、比表面积大的缺点,实现高效率驱油的目的;驱油率达到42.5-44.6%左右,比目前的驱油剂驱油效率有大幅的提升。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例详细说明如后。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,对依据本发明提出的乳化型驱渗型采油剂及其制备方法其具体实施方式、特征及其功效,详细说明如后。
实施例1
实施例中采用的岩心为天然露头岩心长度为23cm,直径为2.2cm,原油和地层模拟水分别为大港油田原油和水,大港油田水矿化度为8869mg/L、地层原油黏度8.7mPa·s(55.2℃)。
缩水甘油醚为实验室自制:在装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计的烧瓶中,加入间苯二酚、环氧氯丙烷和季铵盐催化剂,搅拌并加热到85度左右,保持4小时,进行醚化反应。醚化反应完成后将体系调整为减压共沸状态,温度在65度左右,真空度为-0.08MPa,滴加碱液,进行闭环反应,减压回收,回收温度为140度左右。回收完毕后加入溶剂溶解,进行精制反应,补充缺少的溶剂,加入熔盐,静置分相,中和、洗涤,挥发冷却后过滤,得到间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚。
助剂二异氰酸酯、助活性剂咪唑、催化剂氢氧化钠均为市售产品。
乳化型驱渗型采油剂制备方法:
1)取52%质量份的缩水甘油醚制备成浓度为3%的水溶液;
2)取22%质量份的二异氰酸酯制备成浓度为1.5%的水溶液;
3)取18%质量份的四氢嘧啶制备成浓度为0.8%的水溶液;
将上述三种成分的水溶液与8质量份的氢氧化钠催化剂一起搅拌均匀,并补充剩余的水,得到目标产物。
进行驱油实验,具体实验操作步骤参考SY/T6424-2000“复合驱油体系性能测试方法”,记录并计算实验数据,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的注入量为0.26PV。
脱油实验,使用大港油砂(100-160 目,老化100小时)进行脱油实验,测得乳化型驱渗型采油剂的24 小时三次脱油率分别为88.25%、89.63%、89.92%,均在88% 以上。
驱油实验,采用的岩心为天然露头岩心长度为23cm,直径为2.2cm,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的矿化度为7800mg/L,经过实验测得其对于岩心的静态脱油率分别为42.48% 和43.02%,平均为42.75%。
通过上述结果可以看出,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的静态岩心脱油率高于28%,对于低于100mD 的低渗岩心的化学驱采收率高于20%,说明该乳化型驱渗型采油剂的驱油和渗吸脱油效果均好,在低渗条件下也具有很好的驱油效果。
实施例2
实施例中采用的岩心为天然露头岩心长度为20cm,直径为2.2cm,原油和地层模拟水分别为大港油田原油和水,大港油田水矿化度为8869mg/L、地层原油黏度9.2mPa·s(56.5℃)。
缩水甘油醚为实验室自制:在装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计的烧瓶中,加入间苯二酚、环氧氯丙烷和季铵盐催化剂,搅拌并加热到85度左右,保持4小时,进行醚化反应。醚化反应完成后将体系调整为减压共沸状态,温度在65度左右,真空度为-0.08MPa,滴加碱液,进行闭环反应,减压回收,回收温度为140度左右。回收完毕后加入溶剂溶解,进行精制反应,补充缺少的溶剂,加入熔盐,静置分相,中和、洗涤,挥发冷却后过滤,得到间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚。
助剂二异氰酸酯、助活性剂咪唑、催化剂氢氧化钠均为市售产品。
乳化型驱渗型采油剂制备方法:
1)取55%质量份的缩水甘油醚制备成浓度为4.5%的水溶液;
2)取20%质量份的二异氰酸酯制备成浓度为0.8%的水溶液;
3)取15%质量份的四氢嘧啶制备成浓度为0.6%的水溶液;
将上述三种成分的水溶液与15质量份的氢氧化钠催化剂一起搅拌均匀,并补充剩余的水,得到目标产物。
进行驱油实验,具体实验操作步骤参考SY/T6424-2000“复合驱油体系性能测试方法”,记录并计算实验数据,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的注入量为0.26PV。
脱油实验,使用大港油砂(100-160 目,老化100小时)进行脱油实验,测得乳化型驱渗型采油剂的24 小时三次脱油率分别为87.66%、88.04%、87.36%,均在87% 以上。
驱油实验,采用的岩心为天然露头岩心长度为20cm,直径为2.2cm,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的矿化度为7900mg/L,经过实验测得其对于岩心的静态脱油率分别为41.32% 和42.46%,平均为41.89%。
通过上述结果可以看出,乳化型驱渗型采油剂的静态岩心脱油率高于27%,对于低于100mD 的低渗岩心的化学驱采收率高于19%,说明该乳化型驱渗型采油剂的驱油和渗吸脱油效果均好,在低渗条件下也具有很好的驱油效果。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂的制备方法,其特征在于,按照如下质量百分含量配比准备原料:25-60%的主剂,2-30%的助剂,8-30%助活性剂和5-20%催化剂,其余为水;
具体操作步骤如下:
(1)将主剂配制成浓度为2-10%的水溶液;
(2)将助剂配成浓度为0.2-3.5%的水溶液;
(3)将助活性剂配制成浓度为0.1-1.5%的水溶液;
(4)将上述三种成分的水溶液与催化剂一起搅拌均匀,并补充剩余的水,得到目标产物;
所述主剂为间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚;
所述助剂为二异氰酸酯;
所述助活性剂为咪唑或四氢嘧啶;
所述催化剂为碱金属氢氧化物或者叔胺。
2.一种乳化型驱渗型采油剂,其特征在于,所述乳化型驱渗型采油剂是由权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的采油剂目标产物。
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