CN104827194A - Method for rear wall protection in laser processing of turbine blade by using water and silicon dioxide - Google Patents
Method for rear wall protection in laser processing of turbine blade by using water and silicon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 18
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Si] XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，先对二氧化硅进行研磨，然后将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道，再采用脉冲式激光打孔，打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干，激光在穿透前壁后，受到后壁前二氧化硅颗粒的散射、反射以及衍射作用，使得辐照在后壁的激光光斑变大，能量减小，这样辐照在后壁的激光功率密度变小，从而减弱或消除激光对后壁的损伤，本发明工艺简单、成本低。
Water-silicon dioxide is used as the back wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades. First, the silicon dioxide is ground, and then the silicon dioxide is mixed with water to make a paste, and the paste is poured through the hole at the top of the turbine blade. Enter the blade flow channel, and then use pulsed laser to drill holes. After drilling, use running water to flush out the silica particles in the flow channel through the holes at the top of the turbine blade. After the silica particles are completely flushed out, use hot air to Drying, after the laser penetrates the front wall, it is scattered, reflected and diffracted by the silica particles in the back wall, making the laser spot irradiated on the back wall larger and the energy reduced, so that the laser beam irradiated on the back wall The laser power density becomes smaller, thereby weakening or eliminating the laser damage to the back wall, and the invention has simple process and low cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及燃气轮机涡轮叶片技术领域，特别涉及一种用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法。The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbine blades, in particular to a method for using water-silicon dioxide as a back wall protection in laser processing of turbine blades.
背景技术Background technique
用作燃气轮机涡轮转子叶片，工作在高速旋转与高温燃气作用的环境中，承受着巨大的离心力和氧化、腐蚀等作用。那些被激光损伤的后壁位置易被腐蚀或形成应力中心而降低叶片使用寿命，因此需要对后壁进行激光防护。Used as a gas turbine rotor blade, it works in an environment of high-speed rotation and high-temperature gas action, and is subjected to huge centrifugal force, oxidation, and corrosion. Those rear wall positions damaged by laser are easy to be corroded or form stress centers and reduce the service life of the blade, so laser protection for the rear wall is required.
目前，激光防护技术主要是针对人眼和光学传感器的抗激光加固，其防护原理有基于线性光学原理的激光防护技术、基于非线性光学原理的激光防护技术、基于相变原理的激光防护技术，基于线性光学原理的激光防护技术是在镜片上镀一层膜以选择性地提高对某一波长光线的反射率，此种方法只适用于镜片，而不适用于涡轮叶片；基于非线性光限幅原理的激光防护技术所用的材料主要有贵金属纳米粒子(如Ag、Au、Pt等纳米粒子)、石墨烯、碳纳米管以及有机非线性材料(如酞菁、卟啉、噻吩等)，其共同缺点是制备工艺复杂，成本高，纳米粒子还易团聚，有机物的热稳定性差等。At present, laser protection technology is mainly aimed at anti-laser reinforcement of human eyes and optical sensors. The protection principles include laser protection technology based on the principle of linear optics, laser protection technology based on the principle of nonlinear optics, and laser protection technology based on the principle of phase change. The laser protection technology based on the principle of linear optics is to coat a layer of film on the lens to selectively increase the reflectivity of a certain wavelength of light. This method is only applicable to the lens, not to the turbine blades; based on the nonlinear optical limit The materials used in laser protection technology based on the principle of amplitude mainly include noble metal nanoparticles (such as Ag, Au, Pt and other nanoparticles), graphene, carbon nanotubes, and organic nonlinear materials (such as phthalocyanine, porphyrin, thiophene, etc.). Common disadvantages are complex preparation process, high cost, easy aggregation of nanoparticles, and poor thermal stability of organic matter.
此外，也有吸收激光能量后被烧蚀的激光防护技术，烧蚀后为残留的碳或硅的粘结物，但涡轮叶片迷宫式结构使得烧蚀残留物难以取出，影响涡轮叶片后续的使用。In addition, there is also a laser protection technology that is ablated after absorbing laser energy. After ablation, there are residual carbon or silicon bonds. However, the labyrinth structure of the turbine blade makes it difficult to remove the ablation residue, which affects the subsequent use of the turbine blade.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，工艺简单、成本低。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for using water-silicon dioxide as the rear wall protection in the laser machining of turbine blades, which has a simple process and low cost.
为达上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：1.3μm～830μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 1.3 μm to 830 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数范围为：65.6％～91％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) Mix silicon dioxide and water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide ranges from 65.6% to 91%, and then pour the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔；3) Drilling with pulsed laser;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
所述的脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW。The process parameters of the pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
水—二氧化硅混合物作为防护材料，制备工艺简单易行，成本低。激光在穿透前壁后，受到后壁前二氧化硅颗粒的散射、反射以及衍射作用，使得辐照在后壁的激光光斑变大，能量减小，这样辐照在后壁的激光功率密度变小，从而减弱或消除激光对后壁的损伤。由于二氧化硅对激光吸收很小，所以二氧化硅在受到激光辐照后，温升很小，同时颗粒周围的水会吸收热量。在打完孔后，防护材料二氧化硅不会因高温熔融而粘结，仍然保持为颗粒状，使得其去除十分容易。The water-silicon dioxide mixture is used as the protective material, the preparation process is simple and easy, and the cost is low. After the laser penetrates the front wall, it is scattered, reflected and diffracted by the front silica particles on the back wall, so that the laser spot irradiated on the back wall becomes larger and the energy decreases, so that the laser power density irradiated on the back wall become smaller, thereby reducing or eliminating laser damage to the posterior wall. Since silicon dioxide has little absorption of laser light, the temperature rise of silicon dioxide after being irradiated by laser light is very small, and the water around the particles will absorb heat at the same time. After the hole is punched, the protective material silica will not be bonded by high temperature melting, but remains in granular form, making its removal very easy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例1防护示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of protection according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例1后壁7上易烧蚀点6没有损伤的图片。FIG. 2 is a picture of no damage to the easily ablated spot 6 on the rear wall 7 in Example 1 of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例1的对照实验，没有水—二氧化硅混合物5时，后壁7上易烧蚀点6有损伤的图片。Fig. 3 is a control experiment of Example 1 of the present invention, when there is no water-silicon dioxide mixture 5, a picture of damage to the ablation point 6 on the rear wall 7.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.
实施例1Example 1
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：1.3μm～38μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 1.3 μm to 38 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数为90.9％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) mixing silicon dioxide with water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is 90.9%, and then pouring the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔，脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW；3) Using pulsed laser drilling, the process parameters of pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
本实施例的有益效果：The beneficial effect of this embodiment:
使用显微镜观察气膜孔，没有发现二氧化硅颗粒堵塞的现象。参照图1，激光器1发出的激光束2穿过涡轮叶片前壁4的气膜冷却孔3，通过二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物5后到达后壁7，参照图2，后壁7上易烧蚀点6没有损伤；作为对照组，没有水—二氧化硅混合制成的糊状物5时，后壁7上的易烧蚀点6有损伤，如图3所示。Using a microscope to observe the pores of the air film, no clogging of silica particles was found. Referring to Fig. 1, the laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 passes through the air film cooling hole 3 of the front wall 4 of the turbine blade, mixes silica and water to make a paste 5, and then reaches the rear wall 7. Referring to Fig. 2, the rear wall The easily ablated spot 6 on 7 was not damaged; as a control group, when there was no water-silicon dioxide mixed paste 5, the easily ablated spot 6 on the rear wall 7 was damaged, as shown in Figure 3 .
实施例2Example 2
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：38μm～74μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 38 μm to 74 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数为84.8％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) mixing silicon dioxide with water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is 84.8%, and then pouring the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔，脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW；3) Using pulsed laser drilling, the process parameters of pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
本实施例的有益效果：The beneficial effect of this embodiment:
使用显微镜观察气膜孔，没有发现二氧化硅颗粒堵塞的现象，后壁上易烧蚀点没有损伤。Using a microscope to observe the pores of the air film, no clogging of silica particles was found, and no damage was found on the easily ablated spots on the rear wall.
实施例3Example 3
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：74μm～104μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 74 μm to 104 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数为79.6％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) mixing silicon dioxide with water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is 79.6%, and then pouring the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔，脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW；3) Using pulsed laser drilling, the process parameters of pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
本实施例的有益效果：The beneficial effect of this embodiment:
使用显微镜观察气膜孔，没有发现二氧化硅颗粒堵塞的现象，后壁上易烧蚀点没有损伤。Using a microscope to observe the pores of the air film, no clogging of silica particles was found, and no damage was found on the easily ablated spots on the rear wall.
实施例4Example 4
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：104μm～250μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 104 μm to 250 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数为74.3％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) mixing silicon dioxide with water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is 74.3%, and then pouring the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔，脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW；3) Using pulsed laser drilling, the process parameters of pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
本实施例的有益效果：The beneficial effect of this embodiment:
使用显微镜观察气膜孔，没有发现二氧化硅颗粒堵塞的现象，后壁上易烧蚀点没有损伤。Using a microscope to observe the pores of the air film, no clogging of silica particles was found, and no damage was found on the easily ablated spots on the rear wall.
实施例5Example 5
用水—二氧化硅作为涡轮叶片激光加工中的后壁防护方法，包括以下步骤：Water-silicon dioxide is used as the rear wall protection method in the laser processing of turbine blades, including the following steps:
1)对二氧化硅进行研磨，并用标准试验筛进行筛分，最终所用二氧化硅颗粒的粒径范围为：710μm～840μm；1) Grinding the silica and sieving with a standard test sieve, the particle size range of the final silica particles used is: 710 μm to 840 μm;
2)将二氧化硅与水混合制成糊状物，其中，二氧化硅的质量分数为65.6％，然后将糊状物通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔灌入叶片流道；2) mixing silicon dioxide with water to make a paste, wherein the mass fraction of silicon dioxide is 65.6%, and then pouring the paste into the blade flow channel through the hole at the top of the turbine blade;
3)采用脉冲式激光打孔，脉冲式激光打孔的工艺参数为：频率70Hz，脉宽0.2ms，峰值功率16KW；3) Using pulsed laser drilling, the process parameters of pulsed laser drilling are: frequency 70Hz, pulse width 0.2ms, peak power 16KW;
4)打完孔后，用流水通过涡轮叶片顶端的孔，将流道内的二氧化硅颗粒冲出，待二氧化硅颗粒完全被冲出后，用热风吹干。4) After drilling the holes, use running water to pass through the holes at the top of the turbine blades to flush out the silicon dioxide particles in the flow channel. After the silicon dioxide particles are completely washed out, dry them with hot air.
本实施例的有益效果：The beneficial effect of this embodiment:
使用显微镜观察气膜孔，没有发现二氧化硅颗粒堵塞的现象，后壁上易烧蚀点没有损伤。Using a microscope to observe the pores of the air film, no clogging of silica particles was found, and no damage was found on the easily ablated spots on the rear wall.
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| CN114273802A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser drilling back injury protection method and device |
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