CN104827036A - Preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgical part - Google Patents
Preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN104827036A CN104827036A CN201510237612.7A CN201510237612A CN104827036A CN 104827036 A CN104827036 A CN 104827036A CN 201510237612 A CN201510237612 A CN 201510237612A CN 104827036 A CN104827036 A CN 104827036A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an iron-based powder metallurgical part. The preparation method comprises the following steps of designing the composition of materials, wherein according to requirements, the composition of materials is designed, except for Fe (ferrous), the materials at least comprise 0.02% to 1.5% of C (carbon) and 0.1% to 10% of Ni (nickel), the Fe element is added in an element powder type or a master alloy type or a partial element powder and partial master alloy powder type, and the Ni element is added in a part or all of carboxyl ferrous and nickel powder type; mixing the materials, wherein at most 1% of powder forming lubricant (in mass) is added in the mixing process to form a lubricant; forming, wherein the designed die is arranged on a powder metallurgical forming press, and the mixed powder is pressed to form a green; sintering, wherein the green is sintered, the sintering temperature is 1000 to 1300 DEG C, the sintering time is 5 to 150 min, and the sintering atmosphere is nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. The preparation method has the advantages that the tissue after sintering is more uniform, the powder compression property is not greatly reduced, the produced product has less nickel-rich phase, the property is better, and the strength of powder green is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of powder metallurgy, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts.
Background technology
Powder metallurgy be one manufacture metal dust or with metal dust (comprise and be mixed into non-metal powder) for raw material, with the basic skills being shaped-sinter manufacture metal material, composite and all kinds goods technology-oriented discipline.In a broad sense, it also comprises with nonmetallic compound powder such as oxide, nitride, carbide is raw material, being shaped-and the technology of sintering method manufactured materials or goods.Powder metallurgical technique material powder is added press molding after certain die cavity, then sinter under certain condition, or sinter the technical process obtaining goods in specific mould.
Along with industrial expansion, more and more higher to the requirement of part, the part of the aspect machinings such as such as cost, delivery cycle and noise is often difficult to meet the demands, and powder metallurgy is the advanced technology of an energy manufacturing machine part, there is efficient, high-quality, precision, low consumption, the advantage such as energy-conservation, be applicable to very much producing various component of machine in enormous quantities, as auto parts, especially adopt the conventional methods such as casting, forging, machined to be difficult to shaping maybe cannot be shaped, though and extremely uneconomic complicated shape part that can be shaped.Adopt powder metallurgical technique manufactured parts, part not only can be made to reach high accuracy, high-performance, and the stable and consistent of precision and the performance that streamline is produced can be ensured, thus bring huge techno-economic effect.
Nickel is most important alloying element apart from copper in iron-based powder metallurgy parts, while wherein the good action of nickel is reinforced iron-base sintered powder, also have and improve the moulding feature of iron-based powder sintered body, very favourable to the Strengthening and Toughening of iron-base powder metallurgy material.Usually, add nickel element in sintered steel and material can be impelled to shrink in sintering process, improve the intensity of material, impact resistance, wearability and fatigue resistance.But under the condition of suitability for industrialized production, nickeliferous sintered steel, all exists heterogene structure after sintering, Ji Funie district and Pin Nie district, Fu Nie district is usually located at ferrous powder granules surface, sintering neck, pore surface.This is because nickel is slower than other alloying elements to the diffusance of iron, such as carbon, copper, molybdenum, also has researcher surface: the strong mutual repulsion effect in sintering process between carbon and nickel is also the reason causing nickel pockety, adds carbon and molybdenum is then conducive to being uniformly distributed of nickel simultaneously.
Alloying element is on the impact of the performance of sintered steel, not only relevant with the kind of alloying element of adding, quantity, also relevant with the mode of its interpolation, the addition manner of usual sintered alloy element is the mixing of alloying element powder, diffusion-alloying and completely prealloy.Nickel, as alloying element, adds in iron-based powder metallurgy parts, generally has three kinds of modes, one, adopts atomization, namely direct according to demand configuration alloying component, powder process compacting after melting, and general this mode nickel content that adopts can not more than 3%; Its two, carbonyl nickel powder is directly added in iron powder and mixes; Its three, nickel powder and iron powder high temperature diffusion annealing, female powder of forming section alloying.In the adding method of above-mentioned nickel element, first method, due to nickel and the complete alloying of iron, powder compaction can be caused to reduce, and the higher briquettability of nickel content is lower; For second method, because nickel powder particle is very thin, there is large stretch of rich austenitic after causing sintering, the invigoration effect of nickel reduced in easily segregation in mixing and after mixing; The third method, can solve briquettability and segregation problems well, but still there is rich austenitic after sintering, especially for nickelic powder, adds cost in addition.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of preparation method sintering the good iron-based powder metallurgy parts of rear even tissue, sintering character.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
(1) designing material composition: designing material composition as required, except Fe, also at least comprise C or and Ni two kinds of elements, C content is 0.02 ~ 1.5%, Ni content is 0.1 ~ 10%, wherein Fe element interpolation or adopt element powders form or adopt foundry alloy powder form or adopt Partial Elements powder part foundry alloy powder, the interpolation all or part of employing carboxyl iron nickel powder form of Ni element;
(2) batch mixing: mix by the material composition of design in step (1), add the powder forming lubricant being no more than 1% (quality) during mixing;
(3) shaping: the mould designed is mounted on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
(4) sinter: sinter above-mentioned green compact, sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C, and sintering time is 5 ~ 150min, and sintering atmosphere is nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere.
As preferably, the mass percent of described carboxyl iron nickel powder consists of: C 0 ~ 1%, Ni 20 ~ 50%, Fe surplus, inevitable impurity is no more than 2%.
In said method, as preferably, the apparent density of described carboxyl iron nickel powder is 1.50 ~ 2.50g/cm
3, thus ensureing close with the apparent density of ferrous alloy powder, after mixing, pine dress does not have large change, part height or forming pressure can be caused to change because pine dress changes.
Particle size and its distribution and green density, sinter to spread etc. in close relations, also with sintering after material property closely related, therefore in said method, as preferably, the D of described carboxyl iron nickel powder
50be less than 10 μm, D
99be less than 50 μm.
In said method, as preferably, the hydrogen content of described nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere is 10vol%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: using carboxyl iron nickel powder as nickel source in the present invention, nickel is added in iron-based powder metallurgy parts, compared with traditional addition manner, has the following advantages: organize more even after sintering; Powder compressibility does not decline to a great extent; The rich nickel of obtained product is mutually less, and performance is better; The green strength of powder is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the photo of carboxyl iron nickel powder in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is that in embodiment 1, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl iron nickel powder;
Fig. 3 is that in embodiment 1, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl nickel powder;
Fig. 4 is that in embodiment 2, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl iron nickel powder;
Fig. 5 is that in embodiment 2, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl nickel powder;
Fig. 6 is that in embodiment 3, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl iron nickel powder;
Fig. 7 is that in embodiment 3, nickel source is the sintered steel metallographic structure of carboxyl nickel powder.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
(1) designing material composition: in the present embodiment, as required designing material composition, the mass percent of this material is other compositions inevitable of Mo 1.4%, C 0.68%, Ni 1.75%, less than 2%, and surplus is iron.
(2) batch mixing: carry out batch mixing by above-mentioned material composition, in the mixed-powder of batch mixing, the mass percent of each raw material is: ferromolybdenum powder (molybdenum content 1.50%) is 95.45%; Graphite powder is 0.65%; The carbonyl iron nickel powder 3.50% of nickeliferous 50%, this carboxyl iron nickel powder is except the nickel containing 50%, and also contain the C of 1%, Fe surplus, inevitable impurity is no more than 2%, and as shown in Figure 1, its apparent density is 1.50g/cm to this carboxyl iron nickel powder photo
3, D
50be 9 μm, D
99it is 49 μm; Lubricant is 0.4%;
(3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
(4) sinter: sintering temperature 1120 DEG C, sintering time is 60min, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%.
Comparative example: adopt carbonyl nickel powder (in carboxyl nickel powder, nickel content is greater than 99.7%, and iron content is less than 0.05%) as nickel source, other conditions are identical with the present embodiment.
Result shows, adopts carbonyl nickel powder, and after 600MPa compacting, green strength is 15MPa, and adopts carbonyl iron nickel powder, and green strength is 18MPa.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is respectively the sintered steel metallographic structure of the comparative example of embodiment 1 and this embodiment, visible, adopts the Distribution of nickel in the metallographic structure of carbonyl iron nickel powder comparatively to adopt the good of carbonyl nickel powder.
Embodiment 2
1) designing material composition: in the present embodiment, as required designing material composition, the mass percent of this material is other compositions inevitable of Mo 1.49%, C 0.02%, Ni 0.1%, less than 2%, and surplus is iron.
(2) batch mixing: carry out batch mixing by above-mentioned material composition, in the mixed-powder of batch mixing, the mass percent of each raw material is: ferromolybdenum powder (molybdenum content 1.50%) is 99.08%; Graphite powder is 0.02%; Carbonyl iron nickel powder 0.50%, the Fe surplus of nickeliferous 20%, inevitable impurity is no more than 2%, and its apparent density is 2.00g/cm
3, D
50be 7 μm, D
99it is 45 μm; Lubricant 0.4%;
(3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
(4) sinter: sintering temperature 1050 DEG C, sintering time is 150min, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%, and cooling fast after sintering, cooling velocity is 3 DEG C/s.
Comparative example: adopt carbonyl nickel powder (in carboxyl nickel powder, nickel content is greater than 99.7%, and iron content is less than 0.05%) as nickel source, other conditions are identical with the present embodiment.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is respectively the sintered steel metallographic structure of the comparative example of embodiment 2 and this embodiment, visible, adopts the Distribution of nickel in the metallographic structure of carbonyl iron nickel powder comparatively to adopt the good of carbonyl nickel powder.For cross-breaking strength, adopt carbonyl iron nickel powder to be 1370MPa, and adopt carbonyl nickel powder to be 1300MPa.
Embodiment 3
(1) designing material composition: in the present embodiment, as required designing material composition, the mass percent of this material is Cu1.5%, C1.5%, Ni 10%, and other compositions inevitable of less than 2%, surplus is iron.
(2) batch mixing: carry out batch mixing by above-mentioned material composition, in the mixed-powder of batch mixing, the mass percent of each raw material is: straight iron powder is 68.24%; Graphite powder is 1.36%; Electrolytic copper powder is 1.5%; The carbonyl iron nickel powder 28.5% of nickeliferous 35%, also contain the C of 0.5%, Fe surplus, inevitable impurity is no more than 2%, and its apparent density is 1.50g/cm
3, D
50be 6 μm, D
99it is 45 μm; Lubricant 0.4%;
(3) shaping: the mould designed is installed on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
(4) sinter: sintering temperature 1300 DEG C, sintering time is 5min, and atmosphere is the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol%;
Comparative example: adopt carbonyl nickel powder (in carboxyl nickel powder, nickel content is greater than 99.7%, and iron content is less than 0.05%) as nickel source, other conditions are identical with the present embodiment.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is respectively the sintered steel metallographic structure of the comparative example of embodiment 3 and this embodiment, visible, adopts the Distribution of nickel in the metallographic structure of carbonyl iron nickel powder comparatively to adopt the good of carbonyl nickel powder.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for iron-based powder metallurgy parts, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: designing material composition as required, except Fe, also at least comprise C and Ni two kinds of elements, C content is 0.02 ~ 1.5%, Ni content is 0.1 ~ 10%, wherein Fe element interpolation or adopt element powders form or adopt foundry alloy powder form or Partial Elements powder part foundry alloy powder, the interpolation all or part of employing carboxyl iron nickel powder form of Ni element;
(2) batch mixing: mix by the material composition of design in step (1), add the powder forming lubricant being no more than 1% (quality) during mixing;
(3) shaping: the mould designed is mounted on machine for compacting formation of metallic powder, and above-mentioned mixed-powder is suppressed, obtain green compact;
(4) sinter: sinter above-mentioned green compact, sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C, and sintering time is 5 ~ 150min, and sintering atmosphere is nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere.
2. the preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of described carboxyl iron nickel powder consists of: C 0 ~ 1%, Ni 20 ~ 50%, Fe surplus, inevitable impurity is no more than 2%.
3. the preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the apparent density of described carboxyl iron nickel powder is 1.50 ~ 2.50g/cm
3.
4. the preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described carboxyl iron nickel powder D
50be less than 10 μm, D
99be less than 50 μm.
5. the preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgy parts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the hydrogen content of described nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere is 10vol%.
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| CN102649161A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-29 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | Nickel powder with large furnace safety supervision system (FSSS) particle size and preparation method thereof |
| CN103084569A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-05-08 | 中南大学 | Additive activated low-alloy-content iron-based powder and preparation method of sintered materials |
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2015
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Patent Citations (5)
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| US20050163645A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-07-28 | Borgwarner Inc. | Method to make sinter-hardened powder metal parts with complex shapes |
| JP2006206391A (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-10 | Canon Inc | Method of manufacturing silicon carbide |
| CN102649161A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-29 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | Nickel powder with large furnace safety supervision system (FSSS) particle size and preparation method thereof |
| CN102343436A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-02-08 | 常熟市华德粉末冶金有限公司 | In-situ sintered dispersion particle-reinforced warm-compacting powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103084569A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-05-08 | 中南大学 | Additive activated low-alloy-content iron-based powder and preparation method of sintered materials |
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