CN104822555A - Storage unit for drive system in vehicle - Google Patents
Storage unit for drive system in vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN104822555A CN104822555A CN201380062431.4A CN201380062431A CN104822555A CN 104822555 A CN104822555 A CN 104822555A CN 201380062431 A CN201380062431 A CN 201380062431A CN 104822555 A CN104822555 A CN 104822555A
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- storage device
- battery
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- adsorption
- adsorption storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0681—Reactant purification by the use of electrochemical cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a storage unit (12) for a drive system (10) in a vehicle, which has at least one sorption store (18), at least one battery (16) and at least one cooling circuit (26), wherein the sorption store (18) is coupled via the cooling circuit (26) to the battery (16). The invention additionally relates to a method of operating the storage unit (12) and also a drive system (10) and a vehicle equipped with such a storage unit (12).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of storage element for the drive system in vehicle, this storage element has at least one adsorption storage device, at least one battery and at least one cooling loop.The present invention relates to a kind of method operating this storage element in addition, and also relates to the drive system and vehicle that comprise this storage element.
Background technology
In order to improve efficiency and the environment friendly of vehicle, electrical motor is used as driving arrangement more and more.Such as, combustion engine is combined with the electrical motor as the auxiliary drive in motor vehicle driven by mixed power, combustion engine can be made more to be conducive to working under the state used.Electrical motor is also used as by the main drive in the pure electrically driven vehicle (elec. vehicle) of battery supply of electrical energy.Elec. vehicle and motor vehicle driven by mixed power generally include rechargeable battery, and chemical power is transformed into electric energy as electrochemical cell by it.This type of battery is also referred to as storage battery or secondary battery usually.But a shortcoming of this type of battery is that they only can work to the scope of 50 DEG C at about 0 DEG C best to responsive to temperature.
Due to the worsening shortages of oily resource, more and more depend on the unconventional fuel of such as methane, ethanol or hydrogen to combustion engine or the fuel cell of operating.For this purpose, elec. vehicle or motor vehicle driven by mixed power not only comprise the battery for electrical motor, and comprise the adsorption storage device of the fuel for keeping certain storage capacity.The adsorption storage device being suitable for this type of application especially comprises the adsorption storage device of adsorbing medium, and described adsorbing medium has large internal surface area, and gas is adsorbed and is stored in thus on this adsorbing medium.When filling adsorption storage device, the releasing heat due to absorption.Similarly, when taking out gas from holder, desorption process heat supply is necessary for.When using adsorption storage device and battery, heat management is therefore extremely important.
DE 102009000952A1 discloses a kind of vehicle battery with at least one latent heat holder, and described latent heat holder comprises the medium with specific fusing point.Here, described medium is chosen to make fusing point be in the minimum operating temperature of used battery types in the scope of maximum operating temperature.Like this, the temperature fluctuation avoided in the electrochemical energy storage device of vehicle battery by the directional heat transmission between latent heat holder integrally and electrochemical energy storage device.DE 102006052110A1 describes a kind of fluid reservoir with adsorbing medium, and it comprises for improving energy management and for being the caloric intake of the instant heat supply of air release process and output unit.This caloric intake and output unit comprise tube bank, and fluid is transmitted through described tube bank in the inside of fluid reservoir.In addition, this fluid reservoir to connect with the latent heat holder for interim accumulation of heat via cooling loop and connects, to contribute to energy transferring with heater element or the connecting portion that is connected to engine cooling circuit.
DE 102010048478A1 describes a kind of thermal management algorithm for battery, the heat in its control inputs battery.For this purpose, the battery temperature system that environmentally temperature cools or heating battery is piled is employed.In refrigerating mode, heat is distributed to environment via battery radiator from battery pile to cooling system conditioner transmission.In heating mode, cooling system conditioner was heated by means of heating facility before entering battery pile.
DE 102008054216A1 discloses a kind of method of the electric driver regulated in vehicle.Here, determine at least one temperature of electric driver, such as stator or rotor, and set the temperature of a part for electric driver according to a parameter.
DE 102007004979A1 describes a kind of device of the temperature for the battery in controlling machine motor vehicle, wherein, in the refrigerating circuit that battery is integrated in vehicle and coolant cooling circuit.In the mode of operation that refrigerating circuit is cut-off, realize the control to battery temperature by coolant cooling circuit.In another mode of operation, transmit via the by passage around battery the preheating that cooling system conditioner realizes battery by before the cooling vessel that enters coolant cooling circuit at cooling system conditioner.
WO 2009/127531A1 discloses a kind of Control device of liquid cooling for fuel cell system, and this Control device of liquid cooling is constructed to separate unit and provides cooling liquid to fuel cell system or obtain the liquid through heating from fuel cell system.
DE 102008040211A1 discloses a kind of method for operating fuel cell system, and described fuel cell system comprises fuel cell, reservoir vessel and battery.
US 2012/0141842 describes a kind of fuel cell surrounded by solid state battery.
A shortcoming of the known heat management system for battery or adsorption storage device is, need other component to carry out heat conduction, and these causes more costs and occupy more structure spaces.In addition, the efficiency of latent heat storage system is restricted and such as can not makes full use of its capacity when moving away.These shortcomings are in Mobile solution---such as in the motor vehicle---and especially severe.Therefore, there is the concern continued to providing a kind of very simple and efficient heat management concept for this type of stocking system.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of storage element for fuel and electric energy, this storage element is equipped with considerably less additional member, and can realize efficient and simple heat management by means of this storage element.Another object of the present invention is to provide simply a kind of and regulates the method for the temperature in storage element efficiently.
This object is realized by a kind of storage element, described storage element to be especially suitable in the drive system in vehicle and to have at least one adsorption storage device, at least one battery and at least one cooling loop, and wherein adsorption storage device is attached to battery via cooling loop.
Present invention also offers a kind of method operating storage element, additionally provide the method for the storage element in a kind of operation of drive system, described drive system has electric motor units, and this electric motor units comprises at least one combustion engine or at least one fuel cell and at least one electrical motor., carry out interchange of heat via cooling loop between battery and adsorption storage device herein, at least one battery is connected with described cooling loop with at least one adsorption storage device.
Present invention also offers the drive system and vehicle that are equipped with according to storage element of the present invention, especially motor vehicle driven by mixed power.Except vehicle, such as, in the drive system that storage element of the present invention can also be used in other Mobile solution, ship---especially submarine---.In addition, storage element of the present invention is suitable for static applications, such as with for heating building or for the solar cell in compound type heat supply and power house is combined.
The cooling loop transmitting refrigerant connects with adsorption storage device and battery by storage element of the present invention.This makes it possible to the temperature regulating two components in a simple manner decoupled, to be wherein imported in adsorption storage device from the heat of battery and vice versa.When vehicle is driven, from battery heat such as can cooled dose picked-up and be sent to absorption canister via cooling loop, to provide the heat needed for desorption of fuel wherein.Therefore, adsorption storage device provides the cooling power for cool batteries.Cooling power from the surplus of adsorption storage device can be used to other component, such as, for the air regulation of the crew module in vehicle.On the contrary, battery provides the heating power needed for desorption started in adsorption storage device.When reaching the heat balance between battery and adsorption storage device, even other heat conduction or temperature control member can be removed from.This allows the simple and efficient configuration of this type of storage element, and in addition, the installing space that described storage element needs is little and be therefore particularly suitable for Mobile solution, such as, in vehicle.
For purposes of the present invention, adsorption storage device is the holder comprising adsorbing medium, and this adsorbing medium has large face area, with adsorption of gases and stored-gas thus.Therefore, adsorption storage device fill period heat release, start desorption by importing heat simultaneously.Especially, the fuel of such as methane, methyl alcohol, hydrogen, acetylene, propane or propylene to be stored in the adsorption storage device of storage element of the present invention and to be supplied to combustion engine or fuel cell by desorption.Methane is especially suitable as the fuel for combustion engine.Fuel cell preferably utilizes methane or hydrogen to carry out work.
For purposes of the present invention, term " battery " refers to the rechargeable secondary battery or storage battery that chemical power are transformed into electric energy.Preferred battery is: lead base storage battery, such as lead-acid storage battery; Ni-base accumulator, such as nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen accumulator, nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel-iron battery or nickel-zinc battery; Lithium-based secondary battery cells, such as lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-ions battery, lithium polymer storage battery, lithium metal secondary batteries, lithium manganese storage battery, lithium iron phosphate storage battery, lithium titanate storage battery or tin sulphur lithium battery; Sodium based storage battery, such as sodium-sulfide battery or sodium-nickel chloride storage battery; Silver zinc battery; Silicon storage battery; Vanadium Redox batteries; Or zinc bromine storage battery.Here, what storage element of the present invention can comprise in identical type or dissimilar above-mentioned battery is one or more.
Especially preferred battery is: Lithium-based secondary battery cells, especially lithium-ions battery or lithium-sulfur battery; Lead base storage battery; Ni-base accumulator; Or sodium based storage battery.
In an embodiment of storage element of the present invention, cooling loop comprises the pump that at least one transmits refrigerant.According to the range of temperatures of the fuel being suitable for cooling or in heating adsorption holder and battery, multiple refrigerant is feasible, such as water, ethylene glycol, ethanol or their compound.Suitable refrigerant is known to those skilled in the art.
In an embodiment of storage element of the present invention, this cooling loop comprises at least one adsorption storage device loop and at least one cell circuit.In a modification of cooling loop, absorption loop and cell circuit are from least one main line branch.Here, total stream/interflow of the refrigerant of main line can be shunted between adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit.In order to total stream of tapped refrigerant changeably between two loops, at least at least one valve can be set in absorption loop or cell circuit.Adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit preferably include at least one valve, and this at least one valve is positioned at the upstream of adsorption storage device and battery, to control the flow in refrigerant inflow respective members.
Have from the adsorption storage device loop of main line branch and the cooling loop of cell circuit, described pump can be arranged for and transmit refrigerant in the region of the main line of cooling loop.In addition, H Exch can be furnished with to regulate the temperature of refrigerant in the region of the main line of cooling loop.Feasible H Exch is fully known to those skilled in the art.Such as, plate heat exchanger, votator, shell and tube heat exchanger or micropassage type H Exch are suitable.
In another embodiment, adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit form the independent loop of two of being connected to each other in the loop via connecting line.This connecting line preferably includes at least one pump and at least one valve.Here, described pump can be disposed in the branch road leading in cell circuit of this connecting line.This valve can be disposed in another branch road leading in adsorption storage device loop of connecting line.Therefore, by transmitting refrigerant, the refrigerant flow between wherein said valve regulation cell circuit and adsorption storage device loop in the loop of pump between cell circuit and adsorption storage device loop.
In the another embodiment of storage element of the present invention, adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit can comprise at least one pump and at least one H Exch.This pump is preferably arranged so that refrigerant is transmitted through battery or absorption canister also passes through H Exch subsequently.Therefore, this pump is preferably arranged in battery upstream or is positioned at adsorption storage device upstream in absorption loop in cell circuit.This H Exch be used for regulate temperature and preferred be arranged in cell circuit battery downstream or absorption loop be positioned at adsorption storage device downstream.Feasible H Exch is fully known to those skilled in the art.Such as, plate heat exchanger, votator, shell and tube heat exchanger or micro channel heat exchanger are suitable.
Adsorption storage device for storing fuel gas can comprise closed container.This container can have at least one dividing element therein, this dividing element is configured so that the inside of container is separated at least one pair of passage be made up of two parallel passage shape sub-chamber, and each passage shape sub-chamber is filled with adsorbing medium at least in part.The end energy of sub-chamber is separated from one another or be connected to each other via engaging space respectively.
In addition, adsorption storage device can be equipped with feed arrangement, and this feed arrangement comprises at least one path running through wall of container, and gas can flow in container through this path.This feed arrangement can comprise the entrance and exit such as can closed by means of occluding device respectively.This feed arrangement is preferably configured as in one that makes the gas flowed into be introduced in the Liang Ge sub-chamber of often pair of passage at least in part.
The interior separation of container is become to be combined with feed arrangement, the paired passage shape sub-chamber be connected to each other causes filling or setting up the stream cycling through described passage between removal period at container.Which improve the heat trnasfer to wall of container, described wall of container is usually cooled and/or is heated between removal period during filling.Due to quick cooling or the heating of the gas in container, can adsorb or gas that desorption is relatively large simultaneously.
When not only wall of container but also at least one dividing element described or the one or more cooled or heating in multiple dividing element, the improvement of heat trnasfer can be realized.For this purpose, this at least one dividing element or multiple dividing element---dividing element of especially all existence---can be configured to double-walled can flow through them to make refrigerant.
In another embodiment of adsorption storage device, the conduit wall of passage shape sub-chamber is configured to double-walled to make flow of refrigerant through them.According to the arrangement structure of this at least one dividing element or multiple dividing element, portion's section of wall of container forms the conduit wall of one or more passage shape sub-chamber.In the case, wall of container is preferably also configured to double-walled.In an especially preferred embodiment, the whole wall of container comprising end face is configured to allow flow of refrigerant through it, is especially configured to double-walled.
This structure with the conduit wall transmitting refrigerant of adsorption storage device makes it possible to carry out Heat transmission as quickly as possible from adsorbing medium or to adsorbing medium.Therefore, holder can within the given time period filled relatively large gas.When taking out gas from holder, also ensure quick and constant gas supply.For this purpose, conduit wall is heated, and such as, when double-walled configuration, its temperature in cooling loop flows through described conduit wall higher than the refrigerant of the temperature of the gas in passage shape sub-chamber.This adsorption storage device is structurally simple, and is particularly suitable for Mobile solution due to its compact design, such as, in vehicle.The configuration with double-walled conduit wall also tool has the following advantages: in order to be switched to heating from cooling, only needs to change refrigerant or its temperature of appropriate change.Therefore, this embodiment is suitable for equally filling fuel and being suitable for driving mode in Mobile solution.
The selection of the wall thickness of container and dividing element depend on expect in container maximum pressure, container size---especially its diameter and the properties of materials that uses.Such as, when the alloy steel container of the maximum pressure of the external diameter and 100 bar with 10cm, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) has been estimated as 2mm (according to DIN 17458).The gap width of double-walled is selected such that the refrigerant of enough large rate of volume flow can flow through them.This gap width is preferably 2mm to 10mm, especially preferably 3mm to 6mm.
Find, the spacing of the conduit wall of each passage shape sub-chamber is 2cm to 8cm is favourable.Here, this spacing is perpendicular to the shortest distance between the point of two in the opposite wall in the cross section of passage axis.When having the passage of round section, such as, this spacing corresponds to diameter, and when ring section, this spacing corresponds to the width of anchor ring, and when square-section, this spacing corresponds to the comparatively short range between parallel limit.Especially in cooling or when heating all conduit walls, found that above-mentioned scope is the good compromise proposal between the heat trnasfer of adsorbing medium and filling weight.When compared with Large space, the heat trnasfer between adsorbing medium and wall is deteriorated, and in more closely spaced situation, under the outside dimension of giving constant volume device, the filling weight of adsorbing medium reduces.In addition, the weight of adsorption storage device and manufacturing cost thereof increase, and this is especially disadvantageous in Mobile solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the spacing of the conduit wall in passage shape sub-chamber differs and is no more than 40%, especially preferably more than 20% in paired passage.The spacing of the conduit wall in all passage shape sub-chamber preferably differs each other and is no more than 40%, especially preferably more than 20%.This configuration is conducive to heat and is filling evenly removing and even supply during vessel empty of period.
Find out from cross section, the inwall of container is substantially conformal with the profile of at least one dividing element.If there is multiple dividing element, then the profile of all dividing elements is preferably conformal with the profile of the inwall of container.In this context, " conformal " refers to that profile is of similar shape, such as they be all circular, be all oval or be all rectangle.It is not that finger-type shape is no longer identical that term " substantially conformal " means with the little deviation of basic configuration.Fillet such as in rectangular basic shape or the deviation within the scope of production tolerance.
In yet another embodiment, the container of adsorption storage device has cylindrical and at least one dividing element is arranged to cylindrical axis substantially coaxial.It is coaxial that---high to maximum 10 degree---embodiment that the longitudinal axis of at least one dividing element tilts several times relative to cylindrical axis is still considered to " substantially ".This embodiment ensure that channel cross-section only changes a little along cylindrical axis, to make to be based upon the Uniform Flow on passage length.
According to the available installing space in container and maximum allowable pressure, different cross section is suitable for cylindrical container, such as circular, oval or rectangle.Erose cross section is also fine, such as, when will be installed in when container in the hollow space in car body.For the high pressure in about 100 Palestine and Israels, circular and oval cross section is particularly suitable.In this embodiment, at least one dividing element is especially preferably configured as pipe, is formed first passage shape sub-chamber and space between the outer wall of this pipe and the inwall of container or alternatively between the outer wall of this pipe and another dividing element is formed the second torus section shape sub-chamber to make the inner space of this pipe.The cross section of container and tubulose dividing element preferably has same shape, such as, be all circular or be all oval.In another development plan according to this embodiment of the invention, exist and be all configured to there is different-diameter and multiple dividing elements of the pipe coaxially arranged.Their cross section equally preferably has same shape.
Multiple material is suitable as the adsorbing medium for adsorption storage device.This adsorbing medium preferably includes zeolite, activated carbon or metal organic frame (MOF) material.Adsorbing medium preferably includes metal organic frame (MOF) material.
Zeolite has by AlO
4 -and SiO
4the crystalline aluminosilicate of many microporous framework structures of tetrahedron composition.Here, aluminium and silicon atom are bonded to each other via oxygen atom.Possible zeolite is type A zeolite, y-type zeolite, zeolite L, X-type zeolite, mordenite, ZSM (Zeolites Socony Mobil)-5 or ZSM-11.Suitable activated carbon is especially that specific surface area is at 500m
2g
-1above, preferred 1500m
2g
-1above, preferred 3000m very especially
2g
-1above activated carbon.This activated carbon of such as product " Energy to Carbon " or " MaxSorb " by name can be obtained.
Metal-organic framework material is well known in the art and such as at document US5, 648, 508, EP-A-0790253, the people such as M.O'Keeffe, J.Sol.State Chem., 152 (2000), 3 to 20 page, the people such as H.Li, Nature 402, (1999), 276th page, the people such as M.Eddaoudi, Topics in Catalysis 9, (1999), 105 to 111 page, the people such as B.Chen, Science 291, (2001), 1021 to 1023 page, DE-A-10111230, DE-A102005053430, WO-A2007/054581, be described in WO-A2005/049892 and WO-A2007/023134.The metal-organic framework material mentioned in EP-A-2230288A2 is particularly suitable for adsorption storage device.Preferred metal-organic framework material is MIL-53, Zn-tBu-isophthalic acid, Al-BDC, MOF 5, amino BDC, Cu-BDC-TEDA, Zn-BDC-TEDA, Al-BTC, Cu-BTC, Al-NDC, Mg-NDC, Al-fumaric acid of MOF-177, MOF-505, MOF-A520, HKUST-1, IRMOF-8, IRMOF-11, Cu-BTC, Al-NDC, Al-, Zn-2-methylimidazole, Zn-2-aminooimidazole, Cu-DDB-TEDA, MOF-74, Cu-BPP, Sc-terephthalate.More preferably MOF-177, MOF-A520, HKUST-1, Sc-terephthalate, Al-BDC and Al-BTC.
The pore-solids ratio of adsorbing medium is preferably at least 0.2.Pore-solids ratio is defined as the hollow volume of any sub-volume in the container of adsorption storage device and the ratio of total volume at this.Under lower pore-solids ratio, pressure drop when flowing through adsorbing medium increases, and this has adverse effect to the time of filling.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, adsorbing medium exists with the form of spherolite layer, and the ratio of the durchgriff of spherolite and minimum spherolite diameter is at least 10
-14m
2/ m.During filling, the gas speed penetrated in spherolite depends on the speed making the pressure of spherolite inside become identical with ambient pressure.Along with the reduction of the durchgriff of spherolite and the increase of diameter, for this equalization of pressure time and thus spherolite loading time increase.This can produce restriction to the whole total process filled and discharge.
In an embodiment of the method for operating the storage element of accessible site in drive system of the present invention, according to the charge condition of battery, adsorption storage device fill level or both operates storage element.Here, especially, flow through the charge condition of flow of refrigerant according to battery of battery and adsorption storage device, the level that fills of adsorption storage device or both and change.
In another embodiment of method of the present invention, at least flow of refrigerant of the battery of half that is used for charging is set to and makes battery be supplied to sufficient cooling power.Here, term " battery of charging half " refers to the battery of about 50% capacity with total volume.When by cooling loop the temperature of battery maintained-30 DEG C to 50 DEG C, preferably-10 DEG C to 40 DEG C and especially preferably in the scope of 0 DEG C to 35 DEG C time, there is the cooling power of the abundance being used for battery.
In another embodiment of method of the present invention, by being used for charging to less than 1/4th of total volume, the flow of refrigerant of the battery of preferably less than 10% is set to and makes substantially not provide cooling power to battery.Here, term " charging less than 1/4th " refer to have its total volume less than 25% the battery of capacity.Essentially no cooling power means that battery can stop by Air flow the cooling undertaken by cooling loop substantially.
In order to the method for this storage element of executable operations, pump can transmit refrigerant in cooling loop, and this refrigerant absorbs heat from battery or adsorption storage device and heat is delivered to other component respectively.Here, the pump power of pump can change according to the level that fills of the charge condition of battery, adsorption storage device or both.
In another embodiment of the method for operation storage element, total stream of refrigerant is divided in adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit.Here, can by means of in adsorption storage device loop, in cell circuit or at least one valve in these two loops regulate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant in adsorption storage device loop and cell circuit.
Have in an embodiment of the method for storage element in the drive system of electric motor units in operation, electrical motor when battery is charged to few half comparable combustion engine or fuel cell more effective.In addition, when battery is charged to less than 1/4th, preferably less than 10% of total volume, combustion engine or the comparable electrical motor of fuel cell more effective.Here, term " more effective " refers to that corresponding more effective motor components applies larger torque to transmission system.
For operating in the method for the present invention of storage element, especially in drive system, what depend on the charge condition of battery and adsorption storage device fills level, can there is multiple configuration.
When battery charges substantially completely, is especially charged to more than 90% of total volume, and when adsorption storage device is full of, is especially filled into more than 90% of total volume substantially, electrical motor and combustion engine or fuel cell is preferably utilized to provide power for vehicle.
In this schematic configuration, the valve of cooling loop can be configured to make cooling power be sufficient for battery.Adsorption storage device may correspond to and is drained more lentamente in adsorption enthalpy.So the comparable combustion engine of electrical motor or fuel cell are more effective, and for the valve of cell circuit with can open completely for the valve in adsorption storage device loop.
If battery is charged to less than 1/4th, preferably less than 10% of total volume, and adsorption storage device is filled at least half, especially 50% of total volume, preferably utilizes combustion engine or fuel cell to provide power for vehicle.
In this schematic configuration, battery only needs to carry out cooling to realize low power consumption by means of air and can stop the cooling carried out by means of cooling loop.According to driving mode, adsorption storage device can become effective.Valve can be configured to the valve for cell circuit can cut out and valve for adsorption storage loop can be opened completely.
If battery is charged to less than 1/4th, preferably less than 10% of total volume, and adsorption storage device is substantially full of, is especially filled into more than 90% of total volume, combustion engine or fuel cell is preferably utilized to provide power for vehicle.
In this schematic configuration, battery only needs the cooling carried out by means of air to realize low power consumption and can stop the cooling undertaken by cooling loop.Adsorption storage device can become effective according to driving mode.Valve can be set correspondingly into and the valve for cell circuit can cut out and valve for adsorption storage loop can be opened completely.
If battery is charged to few half, is especially charged to 50% of total volume, and the filled at least half of adsorption storage device, be especially filled into 50% of total volume, preferably utilize electrical motor and combustion engine or fuel cell to provide power for vehicle.
In this schematic configuration, valve can be configured to make cooling power be sufficient for battery.Adsorption storage device may correspond to and is drained more lentamente in adsorption enthalpy.So the comparable combustion engine of electrical motor more effectively and the valve for cell circuit and the valve for adsorption storage device can open completely.
If battery charges substantially completely, is especially charged to more than 90% of capacity, and adsorption storage device is filled into less than 1/4th, preferably less than 10% of total volume, preferably utilizes electrical motor and combustion engine or fuel cell to provide power for vehicle.
In this schematic configuration, the valve of cooling loop can be configured to make cooling power be sufficient for battery.Adsorption storage device may correspond to and is drained more lentamente in adsorption enthalpy.So the comparable combustion engine of electrical motor more effectively and the valve for cell circuit and the valve for adsorption storage device can open completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By means of accompanying drawing, the present invention is described below.But, the example wherein described and the aspect emphasized only principle of specification and not being construed as limiting the invention.Exactly, many amendment types that those skilled in the art makes routinely are fine.
Fig. 1 is for having the drive system of the vehicle according to storage element of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the first embodiment of storage element of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is according to the second embodiment of storage element of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is according to the 3rd embodiment of storage element of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is according to the 4th embodiment of storage element of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows such as the drive system 10 of motor vehicle driven by mixed power, and it has according to storage element 12 of the present invention, and this storage element 12 comprises battery 16, be configured to the Fuel Tank 18 of adsorption storage device and another Fuel Tank 19 alternatively.
The drive system 10 of Fig. 1 is equipped with electric motor units 14, and this electric motor units 14 comprises combustion engine 22 and electrical motor 20.This drive system 10 is especially suitable for motor vehicle driven by mixed power, in motor vehicle driven by mixed power, utilizes combustion energy and electric energy to provide power for vehicle.Therefore, combustion engine 22 supplies energy by the burning of the fuel from Fuel Tank 18,19 to the axle drive shaft 24 of motor vehicle driven by mixed power and/or electrical motor 20 can supply energy by means of being stored in the electric energy in battery 16 to the axle drive shaft 24 of motor vehicle driven by mixed power.
Except shown system architecture except---wherein combustion engine 22 and electrical motor 20 juxtaposition act on transmission system 24---, also it is contemplated that the system architecture of tandem arrangement.Here, only electrical motor 20 to act directly on transmission system 24 and combustion engine 22 charges to battery 16 via the electrical generator between itself and battery 16.
In the embodiment in figure 1, storage element 12 according to the present invention comprises the Fuel Tank 18 that is configured to adsorption storage device and the battery 16 for store electrical energy.The filled fuel of adsorption storage device 18, this fuel can be given to combustion engine 18 via pipeline 23.Adsorption storage device 18 comprises adsorbing medium, and it has large internal surface area, and fuel is adsorbed and is stored on this adsorbing medium.Therefore, when filling adsorption storage device 18 due to absorption releasing heat, and this heat must be removed from adsorption storage device 18.Similarly, when taking out fuel from adsorption storage device 18, the heat for desorption process must be supplied.Therefore, heat management is extremely important in the design of this type of drive system 10.
For this purpose, storage element 12 according to the present invention is available for adsorption storage device 18 to connect with the cooling loop 26 of battery 16.Therefore, adsorption storage device 18 is integrated in the cooling loop 26 of battery 16.Cooling loop 26 transfer case is as the refrigerant circulated between battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18 by means of pump 28.Like this, between traveling on-stream period, it can be delivered to adsorption storage device 18 from battery 16 extract heat by refrigerant.First this cause battery 16 to be cooled, and next causes heat to be fed into the desorption of adsorption storage device 18 for fuel.On the contrary, refrigerant can absorb heat of adsorption in the period that fills of adsorption storage device 18 and it is delivered to battery 16.
Except adsorption storage device 18 and battery 16, the storage element 12 according to the present invention of drive system 10 can comprise another Fuel Tank 19, and it is kept for other storage of fuels of combustion engine 22 and can provides it to combustion engine 22 via pipeline 23.Such as, Fuel Tank 19 can comprise the Fuel Tank for bavin Water Oil Or Gas.This type of Fuel Tank 19 to be used in vehicle with certain manufacturing scale and fully known by those skilled in the art.
In further embodiments, the electric motor units 14 of the drive system 10 of Fig. 1 can comprise the fuel cell replacing combustion engine 20, and the fuel sent into continuously is become electric energy with the chemical reaction energy conversion of oxidizer by this fuel cell.Suitable fuel is such as hydrogen, methane or methyl alcohol, and fuel cell utilizes oxygen---oxygen especially in air---, and as oxidizer cause, they produce electric energy.In this embodiment, equally, fuel can be used as storage capacity and is maintained in adsorption storage device 18, and described adsorption storage device 18 is integrated in according in storage element 12 of the present invention together with battery 16.
Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment according to storage element 12 of the present invention, and wherein adsorption storage device 18 connects with the cooling loop 26 of battery 16.
In the simplest modification, storage element 12 according to the present invention comprises the adsorption storage device 18 be connected with the cooling loop 26 of battery 16.Here, cooling loop 26 comprises the pump 28 of pump refrigerant in the pipeline 30 and loop between adsorption storage device 18 and battery 16 transmitting refrigerant.
In order to storage of fuels, adsorption storage device 18 comprises the adsorbing medium utilizing heat release to carry out adsorbed fuel.By the supply utilizing heat absorption to carry out desorption to realize the fuel for combustion engine 22 or fuel cell.In order to make the heat conduction between traveling on-stream period very simple and efficient, storage element of the present invention is available for the thermal coupling between adsorption storage device 18 and battery 16.
Therefore, refrigerant suction travel release in battery 16 between on-stream period and the heat be directed in adsorption storage device 18.Wherein, heat is delivered to adsorbing medium adsorption storage device 18 and for the desorption of fuel from the refrigerant through heating.Fuel enters combustion engine 22 or fuel cell from adsorption storage device 18, is wherein produced the energy for providing power for vehicle in addition by the burning of fuel.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment according to storage element 12 of the present invention, cooling loop 26 concurrent working wherein between battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18.The stocking system 12 of Fig. 3 comprises the adsorption storage device 18 be connected with battery 16 via cooling loop 26 equally.In order to make cooling loop 26 concurrent working between adsorption storage device 18 and battery 16, cooling loop 26 is split into battery branch road 32, adsorption storage device branch road 34 and main line 36,38.Pump 28 to be disposed in main line and to transmit refrigerant in cooling loop 26.There is junction surface 44.1,44.2 at the upstream and downstream of pump, two branch roads 32,34 lead in main line 36,38 at described junction surface.Therefore, refrigerant is pumped into battery branch road 32 and adsorption storage device branch road 34 from main line 36,38 and is also recycled to main line 36,38 subsequently.
In order to the refrigerant flow in regulating cell branch road 32 and adsorption storage device branch road 34, in battery branch road 32 and adsorption storage device branch road 34, be furnished with valve.Therefore, valve 40 is provided with in the battery branch road 32 between junction surface 44.1 and battery 16, in order to the refrigerant flow in regulating cell branch road 32.Similarly, in the adsorption storage device branch road 34 between junction surface 44.1 and adsorption storage device 18, be provided with valve 42, in order to regulate the refrigerant flow in adsorption storage device branch road 34.The total mass flow rate of the refrigerant for respective branch 32,34 can be regulated as required by means of the valve 40,42 being arranged on battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18 upstream.Therefore, when the valve 42 in adsorption storage device branch road 34 is opened and valve 40 in battery branch road 32 is opened, refrigerant is sent to adsorption storage device 18 and battery 16 with substantially equal amount.If a closedown in the valve 40,42 in battery branch road 32 or adsorption storage device branch road 34, then flow of refrigerant is through another branch road 34,32.Battery branch road 32 can work in non-(be separated, independently, decoupled) mode coupled like this with absorption branch road 34.The total mass flow rate of refrigerant is also fine by middle setting of being shunted with various ratio between battery branch road 32 and adsorption storage device branch road 34.
Fig. 4 shows the storage element 12 according to Fig. 3, wherein cooling loop 26 concurrent working between battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18.
As the difference with Fig. 3, the storage element 12 of Fig. 4 comprises H Exch 46 at main line 36.H Exch 46 is arranged in main line 36,38 in the upstream of pump 28, so that the mode of the temperature of the adjustment refrigerant providing another feasible.From battery branch road 32 with therefore combine in main line 36 via junction surface 44.2 from the refrigerant of adsorption storage device branch road 34 and again flow through H Exch 46 before shunting at total stream of refrigerant between two branch roads 32,34 subsequently.
Fig. 5 shows another embodiment according to storage element 12 of the present invention, and wherein cooling loop 26 is divided into two non-loops coupled, one for battery 16, one for adsorption storage device 18.
The storage element 12 of Fig. 5 comprises cooling loop 26, and this cooling loop 26 comprises cell circuit 33 and adsorption storage device loop 35.Two loops 33,35 are connected to each other via connecting line 48,50.Here, refrigerant is transmitted between cell circuit 33 and absorption loop 35 by means of the pump 28 in a connecting line 48 wherein.In another connecting line 50, between cell circuit 33 and absorption loop 35, be furnished with valve 60, in order to regulate the mass flow rate will carrying out the refrigerant exchanged between each loop.
In order to make refrigerant circulation in cell circuit 33 and absorption loop 35, two loops 33,35 are equipped with pump 52,56.In addition, in two loops 33,35, H Exch 54,58 is provided with, to regulate the temperature of the refrigerant in each loop in two loops 33,35.Like this, cell circuit 33 and absorption loop 35 can work in the non-mode coupled.But refrigerant also can exchange between two loops 33,35 via the connecting portion 48,50 between cell circuit 33 and adsorption storage device loop 35.
When the refrigerant in adsorption storage device loop 35 be cooled to by force especially less than 20 DEG C by the desorption in adsorption storage device 18, preferably less than 0 DEG C and refrigerant in cell circuit 33 have been imposed heat to especially more than 10 DEG C, preferably more than 35 DEG C by the heat release in battery 16 time, the refrigerant exchange between two loops 33,35 is especially favourable.If there is this thermal drop between loop 33,35, then valve 60 can be opened at least in part, with exchange system cryogen between cell circuit 33 and adsorption storage device loop 35.Like this, heat can be removed from cell circuit 33 and import absorption loop 35.
Generally, efficient and simple heat management can be realized by means of proposed storage element 12.Especially, couple by cooling loop the contrary heat demand utilizing battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18 best.Like this, the autarkic stocking system 12 that need not supply extra energy to it is defined.In addition, the various embodiments of stocking system 12 allow to regulate the refrigerant flow being used for battery 16 and adsorption storage device 18, and this can be suitable for different application.In addition, heat trnasfer can meet the demands in this way, to realize the heat management optimized as far as possible.This type of stocking system 12 therefore can easily with the cases match in mobile and static applications, be such as integrated in motor vehicle driven by mixed power, or be integrated in compound type heat supply and power house.
Example
Present the result of the simulation calculation heating power of battery and adsorption storage device and cooling power compared by way of example below.
The basis calculated is the commercial li-ion battery of storage volume up to 100kWh.The maximum safety temperature of this battery is about 40 DEG C.Electric energy needed for the every 100km of commercial motor is about 20-60kWh.This type of electrical motor has the power up to 75kW usually.Required cooling power is usually up to 2kW.
Assuming that there are 20 liters fill volume and the spherolite being filled with 177 type metal organic frame (MOF) materials is used as adsorption storage device using the container as adsorbing medium.177 type MOF are by the zinc bunch composition combined via 1,3,5-tri-(4-carboxyl phenyl) benzene as organic connection base molecule.The specific surface area (Langmuir) of MOF is at 4000m
2/ g to 5000m
2in the scope of/g.The more information relevant with the type can find in patent US 7,652,132B2.Spherolite is that length is 3mm and diameter is the cylindrical of 3mm.Their durchgriff is 3 〃 10
-16m
2.Therefore, the ratio of durchgriff and minimum spherolite diameter is 10
-13m
2/ m.The pore-solids ratio of layer is at least 0.2, such as 0.47.
For comprising the container of 20 liters of MOF, the heavy burden of 30% corresponds to the adsorbed methane of about 2kg.This adsorbance needs 2 × 10
6the desorption energy of J.This is by 17 × 10
3the energy per mole of the MOF of J/mol calculates.For 6 containers, calculate 12 × 10
6the gross energy of J, under the running time of about 2 hours, this gross energy gives the desorption power of about 2kW.
Generally, the desorption energy that thus the desorption energy of adsorption storage device corresponds to cooling power needed for battery or adsorption storage device is greater than the cooling power needed for battery.Therefore the cooling power provided by adsorption storage device is even also enough to cool batteries and other components alternatively when considering other egress of heats, such as, air-conditioning unit in vehicle.Like this, the cooling power that can be formed wherein needed for battery corresponds essentially to the autarkic stocking system of the desorption power of adsorption storage device.
Reference numeral
10 drive systems
12 storage elements
14 electric motor units
16 batteries
18 adsorption storage devices
19 Fuel Tanks
20 electrical motors
21 pipelines leading to electrical motor
22 combustion engines
23 pipelines leading to combustion engine
24 transmission systems
26 cooling loops
28 pumps
The pipeline of 30 cooling loops
32,33 cell circuits
34,35 adsorption storage device loops
36,38 main lines
40,42 valves
44.1,44.2 junction surfaces
46 Hs Exch
48,50 connecting lines
52,56 pumps
54,58 Hs Exch
60 valves
Claims (15)
1. the storage element (12) for the drive system (10) in vehicle, described storage element has at least one adsorption storage device (18), at least one battery (16) and at least one cooling loop (26), wherein, described adsorption storage device (18) connects with described battery (16) via described cooling loop (26).
2. storage element according to claim 1 (12), wherein, described cooling loop (26) comprises at least one pump (28), and described pump transmits refrigerant between described battery (16) and described adsorption storage device (18) in cooling loop (26).
3. storage element according to claim 1 and 2 (12), wherein, described cooling loop (26) comprises at least one adsorption storage device loop (34,35) and at least one cell circuit (32,33).
4. storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 3 (12), wherein, described adsorption storage device loop (34) and described cell circuit (32) are from least one main line (36,38) branch.
5. storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 4 (12), wherein, at least one valve (40,42) for adjusting refrigerant flow rate is provided with in described adsorption storage device loop (34) or in described cell circuit (32).
6. storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 5 (12), wherein, H Exch (46) and/or at least one pump (28) is provided with in the region of the main line (36,38) of described cooling loop (26).
7. storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 3 (12), wherein, described adsorption storage device loop (35) and described cell circuit (33) form the independent loop of two of being connected to each other in the loop via connecting line (48,50).
8. the storage element (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 7, wherein, described connecting line (48,50) comprises at least one pump (28) and at least one valve (60).
9. the storage element (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 3,7 or 8, wherein, described adsorption storage device loop (35) and described cell circuit (33) comprise at least one pump (52,56) and at least one H Exch (54,58).
10. the method for operation storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 9 (12), wherein, between battery (16) and adsorption storage device (18), carry out interchange of heat via cooling loop (26), at least one battery (16) is connected with described cooling loop with at least one adsorption storage device (18).
11. methods according to claim 10, wherein, according to the charge condition of described battery (16), the level that fills of described adsorption storage device (18) or both operate described storage element (12).
12. methods according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, according to the charge condition of described battery (16), the level that fills of described adsorption storage device (18) or both change the refrigerant flow flowing through described battery (16) and described adsorption storage device (18).
13. according to claim 10 to the method according to any one of 12, and wherein, total stream of refrigerant is divided in adsorption storage device loop (34,35) and cell circuit (32,33).
14. 1 kinds of drive systems (10), comprise storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 9 (12).
15. 1 kinds of vehicles, comprise storage element according to any one of claim 1 to 9 (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12194972 | 2012-11-30 | ||
| EP12194972.1 | 2012-11-30 | ||
| PCT/IB2013/060493 WO2014083536A2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Storage unit for a drive system in a vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104822555A true CN104822555A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
Family
ID=47323941
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380062431.4A Pending CN104822555A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Storage unit for drive system in vehicle |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2925550A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2016500040A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20150090090A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104822555A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR093690A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013350749A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015010837A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2892937A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2015006854A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2015125626A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014083536A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110326156A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-10-11 | 卡尔·弗罗伊登伯格公司 | Energy storage system |
| CN111149251A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-05-12 | 华氏有限公司 | Method and device for tempering a battery assembly |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3047969B1 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2018-04-25 | Kautex Textron Gmbh&Co. Kg | Multi-layer composite material and articles comprising the same |
| DE102017102257A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Ship or power plant voltage supply system |
| CN113921951B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2023-06-16 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Self-heating control method and device for power battery |
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- 2013-11-29 RU RU2015125626A patent/RU2015125626A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-29 KR KR1020157014207A patent/KR20150090090A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-29 EP EP13858299.4A patent/EP2925550A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-11-29 AR ARP130104436A patent/AR093690A1/en unknown
- 2013-11-29 MX MX2015006854A patent/MX2015006854A/en unknown
- 2013-11-29 CN CN201380062431.4A patent/CN104822555A/en active Pending
- 2013-11-29 BR BR112015010837A patent/BR112015010837A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-29 AU AU2013350749A patent/AU2013350749A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-29 WO PCT/IB2013/060493 patent/WO2014083536A2/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112015010837A2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
| WO2014083536A3 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
| WO2014083536A2 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
| KR20150090090A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| RU2015125626A (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| JP2016500040A (en) | 2016-01-07 |
| EP2925550A2 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| EP2925550A4 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| AR093690A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
| AU2013350749A2 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
| MX2015006854A (en) | 2015-09-16 |
| CA2892937A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
| AU2013350749A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
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