CN104820096B - 一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用 - Google Patents

一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用 Download PDF

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CN104820096B
CN104820096B CN201510221522.9A CN201510221522A CN104820096B CN 104820096 B CN104820096 B CN 104820096B CN 201510221522 A CN201510221522 A CN 201510221522A CN 104820096 B CN104820096 B CN 104820096B
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赵俊
王明丽
刘峰
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Abstract

本发明提供一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用,具体涉及通过联合检测受检者静脉血中胃泌素17(G‑17)和胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PGⅡ)的量来评估早期胃癌的风险指标。本标准在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用,具有特异性、敏感性都很高的特点。

Description

一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及在 筛查早期胃癌方面的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医学领域,具体涉及一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用。
背景技术
胃癌在全世界范围是高发恶性肿瘤,在我国更是如此。十年以前胃癌发病在我国排在第一位。在我国胃癌发病有明显的地域性差别,在我国的西北与东部沿海地区胃癌发病率比南方地区明显为高。好发年龄在50岁以上,男女发病率之比为2:1,呈现男性发病较高的倾向。胃癌发病全世界主要集中在三个国家-中国、韩国和日本,这三个国家的胃癌加起来占全球三分之二,而我国无论是发病的绝对数和相对数都是比较多。据统计,我国胃癌的发病率占到全世界的42%左右,每年发病40万例;死亡人数超过三分之二,所以,每年因为胃癌而死亡的人数每年在30万左右。
胃癌的治疗已知有内窥镜治疗、外科手术、化学疗法、放射线疗法等。综合考虑病期、肿瘤的大小和/或侵入深度、转移的程度等来施用。胃癌是一种全身性疾病,在早期胃癌的情况下,可以通过内窥镜切除或者外科手术完全切除,复发率也非常低5年生存率达到98%,微小胃癌5年生存率达到100%。但由于胃癌的早期临床症状不典型,或不明显,没有特异性,极易被忽视,所以绝大多数胃癌患者确诊时已经是中晚期。中晚期胃癌的5年生存率就大大降低。因此,早期诊断是提高胃癌治愈率的关键。
作为胃癌的检查法,主要依靠X线钡餐造影、胃镜和活组织病理检查、血管造影检查等图像诊断法。虽然这些方法对于发现胃癌是具有一定的做用,但是对早期胃癌诊断价值不高。
近年来,随着分子生物学技术的进步,在胃癌诊断研究领域额中各种新的肿瘤标志物逐渐被发现,包括CA724、CA125、CEA、BFP、NCC-ST-439、CA199等。此外在组织中发现了胃蛋白酶原C、胃泌素17、转胶蛋白、HSP27、hnRNP A2/B1、NSP3等候选标志物。然而,单一检测这些标志物和候选标志物对于早中期胃癌的诊断特异性和/或灵敏度均不足。因此,寻找特异性和检测灵敏度更高的胃癌标志物对于早期胃癌的诊断极为重要。
大量研究表明,胃血清蛋白酶原(pepsinogens,PGs)、胃泌素17(gastrinl7,G-17)是反映胃點膜状态的可靠的、非侵入性的血清学指标,具有胃點膜“血清学活检”的作用。其中胃蛋白酶原属于天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族,在酸性条件下被激活,转化为具有消化功能的胃蛋白酶。根据免疫学和生化学特点,胃蛋白酶原可被分成两大类:胃蛋白酶原I(PGI或PGA)和胃蛋白酶原I(PGII或PGC)。其中,PGI由胃体點膜的主细胞和黏液颈细胞分泌,而PGII还可由胃窦的幽门腺和十二指肠的Brunner腺分泌,前列腺和胰腺也有少量表达。大部分PG分泌入胃腔,仅约1%透过胃點膜毛细血管进入血液中。G-17主要由胃窦部G细胞分泌,直接释放入血,可促进胃酸和PGs的分泌,因此G-17是反映胃黏膜损伤情况的重要指标。现有研究已证实胃癌患者存在一定程度的高胃泌素血症,其对癌细胞的生长和恶性转化有一定影响,胃泌素17可促进其他高危因素(如H.p感染)引起的胃癌,并在胃癌进展过程中起重要作用:可促进胃癌细胞增殖复制;可促进胃癌细胞浸润转移;可抑制胃癌细胞凋亡。但高G-17血症单独用于筛选早期胃癌有一定局限性。德国一项对337例胃癌患者和337正常对照人群研究发现血清胃泌素水平达到38.88pmol/l做为cut off值,但特异性不高。上海仁济医院病例对照研究得出G-17筛查早期胃癌cut-off值约为15pmol/L,特异性、敏感性亦有待提高。
日本通10年纵向研究报道:用PGI≤70ng/ml和PGI/PG Ⅱ≤3(PG I/II,胃蛋白酶原I/II)作为临界点值筛选通过级联发生的胃癌是一个可靠的方法,目前是日本筛选早期胃癌共识。但不同文献报道该方案筛选早期胃癌总体特异性在60%~70%左右,有待提高。目前这一方案在日本得到广泛应用,日本早期胃癌筛查率可达70%以上。但该方案阳性预测值只有1.4%,不适合中国人群普查。但《中国早期胃癌筛查及内镜诊断共识意见》明确提出中国人群胃癌筛查PGI/PG Ⅱ值为7更可靠。日本和美国一项2005年在53例早期胃癌患者以及75例对照人群研究发现PG I联合高G-17血症筛选早期胃癌方案较传统方案更优。除此之外,2011年日本一项对122例早期胃癌患者和178例对照人群研究发现,血液低G-17亦是早期胃癌高危指标,其联合PGI﹤70ng/ml和PGI/PG Ⅱ≤3检测早期胃癌,其特异性达到98.9%,但敏感性非常低(12.3%,因为高G-17血症病例没有纳入统计)。综合上述以胃泌素17及胃蛋白酶原I/II作为检测指标来判断早期胃癌的筛查标准,结果我们可以发现:
1.PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤3筛选方案特异性不十分理想;
2.单独高G-17血症筛选方案特异性不高;
3.PG Ⅰ联合高G-17血症筛选方案较单独高G-17特异性有所提高,达到68%;
4.PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ联合低G-17血症其特异性高达98.9%,但敏感性非常低12.3%。
因此,通过联合检测受检者静脉血中胃泌素17(G-17)、胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PGⅡ)的量对于早期胃癌筛查具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量及应用。本标准在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用,具有特异性、敏感性都很高的特点。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量,其特征在于,所述早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量包括检测者血液样品中的胃泌素17(G-17)的量和胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PG Ⅱ)的量,其联合标准量为:
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7;
或G-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7,当胃泌素17(G-17)的量和胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PG Ⅱ)的量符合其中任一个联合标准量,即可判断为早期胃癌。
所述的一种判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量,其特征在于,所述的早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的测定方法是:抽取检测者血液样品然后进行体外测定。
判断早期胃癌风险检测用标志物的量的联合标准量在筛查早期胃癌方面的应用。
具体内容如下:
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7;或G-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7做为早期胃癌风险筛选标准。
本发明所述的一种早期胃癌的筛选标准,具有以下特点和优点(详见实施案例):
采用本联合标准筛选早期胃癌,与胃镜结果总一致性高达99.1%,其阴性预测值99.9%,阳性预测值12.5%;
本标准较已报道早期胃癌筛查方案阳性预测值提高了8倍以上。
具体实施方式
实施案例1:
对候选对象做胃镜检查和联合检测受检者静脉血中胃泌素17(G-17)胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PG Ⅱ)的量,对比分析。
实施案例2:
胃泌素17(G-17)胃蛋白酶原I/II(PGI/PG Ⅱ)的量检测方法:
采用ELISA的方法检测,检测试剂盒购自芬兰Biohit的
实施案例3:
安徽定远1174例胃镜检查病例(胃癌1例):
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG II≤7;或PG-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7方案检测出早期胃癌高危风险患者共有10位,胃镜检测结果包括早期胃癌1例。其余9位患者全部均有慢性萎缩性胃炎(活动期5例)、其中伴肠上皮化生3例、伴腺体呈低级别上皮内瘤变2例、伴胃息肉2例。
实施案例4:
上海长海医院314例胃镜检查病例(胃癌2例):
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7;或G-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7方案检测出早期胃癌高危风险患者共有4位,胃镜检测结果为早期胃癌1例。其余3位早期胃癌风险患者胃镜检测结果分别为:糜烂1例、浅表性胃炎2例。
实施案例5:
浙江医院104例胃镜检查病例(胃癌0例):
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7;或G-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7方案检测出早期胃癌高危风险患者共有2位,胃镜检测结果为:浅表黏膜中度慢性炎1例、浅表性糜烂1例。
实施案例6:
安徽医科大学第一附属医院50例胃镜检查病例(胃癌0例):
G-17≥15pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7;或G-17≤1pmol/L和PG Ⅰ≤70ng/ml和PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤7方案检测出胃癌早期高危风险患者共有0位。
实施案例7:
结果分析
表.本筛选方案与胃镜检测结果比较
总符合率:99.1%
相符样本:1627例
不符样本:15例
阳性预测值:12.5%
阴性预测值:99.9%。

Claims (2)

1.试剂在制备用于检测个体患早期胃癌的风险检测体系中的用途,其特征在于:所述试剂为用于确定个体血清样品中胃泌素17含量、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ含量、以及胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ与胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ含量比值的试剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的试剂在制备用于检测个体患早期胃癌的风险检测体系中的用途,其特征在于,所述胃泌素17含量、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ含量、以及胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ与胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ含量比值通过酶联免疫吸附试验确定。
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