CN104807853A - Calorimeter - Google Patents
Calorimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104807853A CN104807853A CN201510260558.8A CN201510260558A CN104807853A CN 104807853 A CN104807853 A CN 104807853A CN 201510260558 A CN201510260558 A CN 201510260558A CN 104807853 A CN104807853 A CN 104807853A
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- oxygen bomb
- concentration piece
- calorimeter
- optical
- outer barrel
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Abstract
The invention provides a calorimeter. The calorimeter comprises a barrel body, an oxygen bomb device and a control device, wherein the barrel body comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel; the outer barrel comprises an outer side wall; an outer cavity is formed between the outer side wall and the side wall of the inner barrel; the oxygen bomb device comprises an oxygen bomb barrel and an ignition device; the ignition device comprises a light emitter and a light condensation assembly; the light emitter is arranged at the outer part of the oxygen bomb barrel; the light condensation assembly and the oxygen bomb barrel are arranged in the same inner barrel; light generated by the light emitter under the control of the control device is condensed by the light condensation assembly and then is directly irradiated into the oxygen bomb barrel. According to the calorimeter, the light emitter and the light condensation assembly are arranged at the outer part of the oxygen bomb barrel to prevent from damages to the light emitter and the light condensation assembly, caused by the fact that liquid permeates; on the other hand, an operator can carry out adaptive adjustment on the light emitter according to different particularities of different samples in a testing process, and the operability is strong; the light emitter and the light condensation assembly can be directly maintained without detaching the oxygen bomb barrel in a post-maintenance process, and the calorimeter is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to combustion experiment instrument field, relate to a kind of calorimeter more specifically.
Background technology
Vehicles Collected from Market calorimeter sparking mode is Fuse Type substantially, namely adopts the fusing of ignition wire heating power to realize igniting.This Fuse Type mode all needs to change ignition wire after each test, and each ignition wire can not have been burnt completely and have portion of residual, causes the point of each test intimately inconsistent, needs to calculate remaining ignition wire heat, troublesome poeration; In addition, remaining ignition wire needs to clean after test completes, and increases workload.
For the problems referred to above, existing employing light source replaces the mode that conventional ignition silk is lighted a fire to sample, and namely after the light produced light source carries out optically focused, direct irradiation, on burning sample, burns to impel it.But light emitting devices and beam condensing unit are all arranged at oxygen bomb inside in existing description calorimeter, on the one hand, because light emitting devices and beam condensing unit are precision element, its waterproof sealing performance to outside requires strict, and light emitting devices and beam condensing unit are placed in oxygen bomb inside, oxygen bomb is in water in combustion, when there being water to infiltrate oxygen bomb inside, is easy to cause damage to light emitting devices and beam condensing unit; On the other hand, light emitting devices is arranged at oxygen bomb inside, makes in process of the test, operating personnel cannot regulate the light source in light emitting devices, and operability is low and later maintenance is more difficult; Again, because oxygen bomb own vol is less, and the structure of light emitting devices is usually complicated and volume is comparatively large, if light emitting devices and beam condensing unit are installed in the oxygen bomb of small size simultaneously, installs complicated and increase realizes difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary to provide a kind of operability high and water resistance preferably a kind of calorimeter.
Calorimeter comprises staving, oxygen bomb device and control device, described staving comprises outer barrel and is placed in the interior bucket of described outer barrel, described outer barrel comprises lateral wall, is formed and be used for carrying liquid and the outer chamber forming outer barrel liquid level between the sidewall of described lateral wall and described interior bucket; Described oxygen bomb device comprises oxygen bomb cylinder and portfire, and described portfire comprises optical transmitting set and concentrating component; It is outside that described optical transmitting set is arranged at described oxygen bomb cylinder, and described concentrating component and described oxygen bomb cylinder are together placed in described interior bucket; The light that described optical transmitting set produces under the control of described control device after described concentrating component optically focused direct irradiation in described oxygen bomb cylinder.
Wherein in an embodiment, described concentrating component is arranged at described oxygen bomb cylinder outside and comprises concentration piece mount pad and concentration piece, and described oxygen bomb cylinder comprises the opening-like body in one end, plays core and bullet lid; Described bullet core is arranged at one end that described body is opening, and it is outer and be arranged on described body that described bullet lid is sheathed on described bullet core; The outside surface that described concentration piece mount pad is fixedly installed in described bullet core stretches out in outside described bullet lid, and described concentration piece is installed in described concentration piece mount pad.
Wherein in an embodiment, described optical transmitting set is connected with described concentrating component and independent of outside described oxygen bomb cylinder, described optical transmitting set comprises photo-emission source and the optical transport part for optical transport, described concentrating component comprises the focus adjustment seat be arranged on described concentration piece mount pad, described focus adjustment seat and described concentration piece mount pad are movable between the two to be arranged, and described optical transport part is connected between described photo-emission source and described focus adjustment seat.
Wherein in an embodiment, described photo-emission source is generating laser, described optical transport part is the optical fiber for Laser Transmission, and one end of described optical fiber is connected with described generating laser, and the other end of described optical fiber is installed on described focus adjustment seat by fibre-optical splice.
Wherein in an embodiment, calorimeter also comprises focal length locating part, and described focal length locating part adjustable ground to be installed on described concentration piece mount pad and to be positioned at the below of described focus adjustment seat.
Wherein in an embodiment, described oxygen bomb device also comprises the optical filter of light-permeable, and described optical filter is relative with described concentration piece and be positioned at the below of described concentration piece.
Wherein in an embodiment, described optical filter is be arranged at the piezoid that described bullet in-core and described concentration piece are positioned at same optical channel, described bullet in-core is provided with push rod, and described optical filter to be supported on described push rod and to be connected between described bullet core inner and described push rod.
Wherein in an embodiment, described oxygen bomb device also comprises the sample be arranged in described oxygen bomb cylinder and holds assembly, described sample holds assembly and comprises rack fixed rod and sample ware, one end of described rack fixed rod is removably installed on described bullet core, and the other end of described rack fixed rod stretches in described body; Described sample ware adjustable ground to be installed on described rack fixed rod and to be positioned at same optical channel with described concentration piece; The top of sample ware is also provided with fireguard, and described fireguard adjustable ground is installed on described rack fixed rod.
Wherein in an embodiment, between described fibre-optical splice and described focus adjustment seat, between described concentration piece mount pad and described bullet core and between described body and described bullet core, be provided with seal.
Wherein in an embodiment, described outer barrel also comprises middle sidewall and madial wall, and described madial wall is near described interior bucket, and described middle sidewall is between described madial wall and described lateral wall; Formed between described lateral wall and described middle sidewall and be used for carrying liquid and the outer chamber forming outer barrel liquid level, the inner chamber body of vacuum layer is formed between the middle sidewall of described outer barrel and described madial wall, cavity is formed between the madial wall of described outer barrel and described interior bucket, can injecting gas or liquid in described cavity, to form gas blanket or liquid level, or the air in cavity is extracted out and forms vacuum layer.
In calorimeter of the present invention, optical transmitting set and concentrating component are arranged at oxygen bomb cylinder outside, prevent the damage causing optical transmitting set and concentrating component because liquid infiltrates; On the other hand, in process of the test, operating personnel can carry out adaptability adjustment according to the different singularity of different sample to optical transmitting set, workable, and just can directly safeguard optical transmitting set and concentrating component without the need to carrying out dismounting to oxygen bomb cylinder when later maintenance, simple and convenient; Again, optical transmitting set and concentrating component are placed in the outer and inner space without the need to taking oxygen bomb cylinder of oxygen bomb cylinder, mutually collide and cause damaging when avoiding gap between the inner each element of oxygen bomb cylinder too little and cause each element dismounting and between adjacent elements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the calorimeter with oxygen bomb device in first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of oxygen bomb device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of oxygen bomb cylinder in oxygen bomb device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the calorimeter with oxygen bomb device in second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below with reference to relevant drawings, the present invention is described more fully.Preferred embodiment of the present invention is given in accompanying drawing.But the present invention can realize in many different forms, is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, provide the object of these embodiments be make the understanding of disclosure of the present invention more comprehensively thorough.
It should be noted that, when element is called as " being fixed on " another element, directly can there is element placed in the middle in it on another element or also.When an element is considered to " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to another element or may there is centering elements simultaneously.
Unless otherwise defined, all technology used herein and scientific terminology are identical with belonging to the implication that those skilled in the art of the present invention understand usually.The object of term used in the description of the invention herein just in order to describe specific embodiment, is not intended to be restriction the present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " comprise arbitrary and all combinations of one or more relevant Listed Items.
Please refer to Fig. 1, in the present invention, the calorimeter of an embodiment comprises water tank 10, staving 20, oxygen bomb device 40 and control device 60.Wherein, water tank 10 is connected with staving 20, for providing thermostatted water for staving 20.Oxygen bomb device 40 comprises for placing testing sample 70 (as shown in Figure 2) and providing the oxygen bomb cylinder 41 of burning situation and the portfire (figure do not mark) for lighting a fire for sample 70 in oxygen bomb cylinder 41 for sample 70.Oxygen bomb cylinder 41 is placed in the water of staving 20, when portfire lights sample 70 under the control of control device 60, the heat that sample 70 produces after oxygen bomb cylinder 41 combustion passes to the water in staving 20 by oxygen bomb cylinder 41, calculated the thermal value of sample 70 by the temperature variation measuring water.
Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, portfire comprises optical transmitting set 43, concentrating component 45, inflatable component 49 and the sample for splendid attire sample 70 and holds assembly 50.
Oxygen bomb cylinder 41 comprises body 410, plays core 412 and bullet lid 414.Body 410 is roughly the opening-like hollow circular cylinder shape in one end.Play core 412 and be arranged at body 410 one end in opening, for the installation of concentrating component 45, filtering assembly 47 and inflatable component 49.Bullet lid 414 is sheathed on and plays outside core 412 and be removable installed on body 410.
Please referring specifically to Fig. 3, inflatable component 49 to burn required gas for being filled with sample 70 under test conditions in body 410, and it comprises the charging connector 490 of band air-filled pore 4901, gas valve core 492, valve core spring 494 and valve core spring mount pad 496.One end of charging connector 490 is connected with external air source, and the other end is installed on and plays on core 412 and stretch out in outside bullet lid 414.The air outlet section 4912 that air-filled pore 4901 comprises air inlet section 4911 and is communicated with air inlet section 4911.Wherein, air inlet section 4911 is arranged at charging connector 490 away from the one end playing core 412, and the aperture of air inlet section 4911 is less than the aperture of air outlet section 4912.Air outlet section 4912 is arranged at charging connector 490 near the other end playing core 412.
One end of valve core spring mount pad 496 is contained in the air outlet section 4912 of air-filled pore 4901, and the other end is fixedly installed in and plays in core 412.The vent port 4961 be communicated with air outlet section 4912 is provided with in valve core spring mount pad 496.Vent port 4961 is greater than its aperture away from the second end of air outlet section 4912 near the aperture of the first end of air outlet section 4912.One end of valve core spring 494 is connected to the bottom of vent port 4961 first end, and the other end stretches out outside the first end of vent port 4961.One end of gas valve core 492 to be contained in air outlet section 4912 and to be connected on the valve core spring 494 that stretches out outside vent port 4961, and other end activity to be contained in air inlet section 4911 and can to move along air-filled pore 4901 near valve core spring 494 direction and compress valve core spring 494 under the pressure of insufflation gas.Play on core 412 and be provided with the air hole 4121 be communicated with air-filled pore 4901 in charging connector 490 and valve core spring mount pad 496 upper air-vent 4961.
The gas that the external world passes into is filled with in charging connector 490 by the air inlet section 4911 of air-filled pore 4901, gas pressure gas valve core 492, gas valve core 492 is made to move to the direction away from air inlet section 4911 and compress valve core spring 494, now gas valve core 492 forms certain interval with the end of air inlet section 4911, and gas passes in body 410 through air-filled pore 4901, vent port 4961 and air hole 4121; After reaching certain pressure, stop ventilation, gas valve core 492 under the resilient force of valve core spring 494 to up and block air inlet section 4911, to be sealed by gas entrance near air inlet section 4911 direction.
Please again referring to Fig. 1, it is outside that optical transmitting set 43 is arranged at oxygen bomb cylinder 41, and concentrating component 45 and oxygen bomb cylinder 41 are together placed in staving 20.The light that optical transmitting set 43 produces under the control of control device 60 is after concentrating component 45 optically focused on the sample 70 of direct irradiation in oxygen bomb cylinder 41.
Please referring specifically to Fig. 2, optical transmitting set 43 is connected with concentrating component 45, and both are all arranged at oxygen bomb cylinder 41 outside.Concentrating component 45 is relative with optical transmitting set 43, optical transmitting set 43 produce light after concentrating component 45 optically focused direct irradiation on the sample 70 being positioned at oxygen bomb cylinder 41 inside.Wherein, optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are arranged at oxygen bomb cylinder 41 outside, on the one hand when oxygen bomb cylinder 41 is placed in the liquid of staving 20 (as shown in Figure 1), optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are all arranged on staving 20 liquid, prevent the damage causing optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 because liquid infiltrates; On the other hand, in process of the test, operating personnel can carry out adaptability adjustment according to the different singularity of different sample 70 to the frequency of the light that optical transmitting set 43 produces and make-and-break time, workable, and just can directly safeguard optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 without the need to carrying out dismounting to oxygen bomb cylinder 41 when later maintenance, simple and convenient; Again, optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are placed in the outer and inner space without the need to taking oxygen bomb cylinder 41 of oxygen bomb cylinder 41, mutually collide and cause damaging when avoiding gap between the inner each element of oxygen bomb cylinder 41 too little and cause each element dismounting and between adjacent elements.In this specific embodiment, concentrating component 45 is arranged on the bullet core 412 of oxygen bomb cylinder 41, and optical transmitting set 43 is connected with concentrating component 45 and independent of outside oxygen bomb cylinder 41.
Further, optical transmitting set 43 comprises photo-emission source 430 and the optical transport part 431 for optical transport.Optical transport part 431 is connected between photo-emission source 430 and concentrating component 45, to hold on the sample 70 in assembly 50 with the optical transport produced by photo-emission source 430 direct irradiation to concentrating component 45 and after concentrating component 45 optically focused in sample.
Concentrating component 45 also comprises concentration piece mount pad 450 and concentration piece 452.Concentration piece mount pad 450 is fixedly installed in and plays on core 412 and stretch out in outside bullet lid 414.Concentration piece 452 is installed in concentration piece mount pad 450, on the sample 70 be gathered in the light produced by photo-emission source 430.
Further, concentrating component 45 also comprises the focus adjustment seat 454 be arranged on concentration piece mount pad 450.Focus adjustment seat 454 and concentration piece mount pad 450 are movable between the two to be arranged, the Rendezvous Point of the light produced for regulating photo-emission source 430, and then the irradiation energy of the light regulating photo-emission source 430 to produce.
In this specific embodiment, concentration piece mount pad 450 is fixedly installed in and plays on core 412 and stretch out in outside bullet lid 414.One end that concentration piece mount pad 450 plays core 412 dorsad caves inward forming station scalariform accepting groove 4501.Concentration piece 452 is accommodated and is supported in accepting groove 4501.In order to better fix concentration piece 452, accepting groove 4501 is positioned on the internal face above concentration piece 452 and is provided with internal thread, after concentration piece 452 is contained in accepting groove 4501, with externally threaded locking accessory (not shown) by being bolted in accepting groove 4501 with coordinating of accepting groove 4501 internal thread and pressing on concentration piece 452, with fixing concentration piece 452, prevent concentration piece 452 from rocking relative to accepting groove 4501 and dropping.Focus adjustment seat 454 is movably set in outside concentration piece mount pad 450, and in this specific embodiment, focus adjustment seat 454 is installed on outside concentration piece mount pad 450 by the mode adjustable ground of threaded engagement.
Photo-emission source 430 is generating laser, and optical transport part 431 is the optical fiber for Laser Transmission.Generating laser is connected with control device 60, and the power of the laser that operating personnel like this can be sent by control device 60 pairs of generating lasers according to the different singularity of different sample 70 and make-and-break time carry out self-defined adjustment, workable.One end of optical fiber is connected with generating laser, the mode that the other end of optical fiber is threaded connection to be bolted on fibre-optical splice 432 and to be installed on focus adjustment seat 454 by fibre-optical splice 432, its can with focus adjustment seat 454 near or direction away from concentration piece 452 move.So while realizing Laser Transmission, also for regulating the distance between optical transport part 431 and concentration piece 452, the Rendezvous Point of the light produced to regulate photo-emission source 430 after concentration piece 452 optically focused, and then the irradiation energy of the light regulating photo-emission source 430 to produce.
Wherein, fibre-optical splice 432 and focus adjustment seat 454 offer the first light-conductive hole 441 and the second light-conductive hole 442 be interconnected respectively.Concentration piece mount pad 450 and bullet core 412 offer the first light hole 4123 and the second light hole 4124 respectively.Wherein, concentration piece 452 is arranged between the second light-conductive hole 442 and the first light hole 4123.First light-conductive hole 441, second light-conductive hole 442, first light hole 4123 and the second light hole 4124 to be all positioned on straight line and jointly to form an optical channel aimed at sample 70.
Understandably, in some other embodiment, the implementation that concentration piece 452 is adjustable with the spacing of optical transport part 431 can be determined as required, only need realize the adjustment being realized the Rendezvous Point of light after concentration piece 452 optically focused that photo-emission source 430 produces by optical transport part 431 and the adjustment of the spacing of concentration piece 452, and then the function of the irradiation energy of the light regulating photo-emission source 430 to produce, in this no limit.Such as, a kind of being designed to is omitted concentration piece mount pad 450 and is directly arranged at by concentration piece 452 in second light hole 4124 of bullet core 412, and now playing core 412 can relative to above-mentioned concentration piece mount pad 450; Focus adjustment seat 454 adjustable ground is arranged at and plays on core 4124, to be realized the change between concentration piece 452 and optical transport part 431 by the distance of focusing between adjustment seat 454 and bullet core 4124; Again or directly by concentration piece mount pad 450 and focus adjustment seat 454 to omit and direct being arranged at by concentration piece 452 plays in the second light hole 4124 of core 412 simultaneously, adjustable for fibre-optical splice 432 (being such as threaded) is arranged at and plays on core 412 and relative with concentration piece 452, now by directly regulating fibre-optical splice 432 just can realize the change of the spacing of concentration piece 452 and optical transport part 431; Even adopt dynamic with this specific embodiment mid-focal length adjustment seat 454 and the adjustable function of spacing that the motionless opposite way of the concentration piece mount pad 450 of concentration piece 452 also can realize above-mentioned concentration piece 452 and optical transmitting set 43 is installed, be arranged on bullet core 4124 by concentration piece mount pad 450 apart from adjustable ground, and focus adjustment seat 454 is relative to playing, and core 4124 is actionless to be installed on outside concentration piece mount pad 450, by the change regulating concentration piece mount pad 450 and the distance played between core 4124 to realize the spacing of concentration piece 452 and optical transport part 431.
Understandably, in the present invention, concentrating component 45 and optical transmitting set 43 can be determined as required relative to the setting position of oxygen bomb cylinder 41, do not limit at this.Such as, on the outside surface that concentrating component 45 and both optical transmitting sets 43 are all arranged at the bullet core 412 of oxygen bomb the cylinder 41 or side of body 410 outside, or only concentrating component 45 be wherein arranged at the side of body 410 outside in oxygen bomb cylinder 41 and optical transmitting set 43 independent of outside oxygen bomb cylinder 41, omit again or by concentration piece mount pad in concentrating component 45 450 and focus adjustment seat 454 and direct being directly arranged at by concentration piece 452 in concentrating component 45 plays in core 412, optical transmitting set 43 is independent of outside oxygen bomb cylinder 41, now because concentration piece 452 takes up room little, be convenient to install and easily realize, optical transmitting set 43 is positioned at oxygen bomb cylinder 41 outside in addition, still strong operability can be realized and advantage easy to maintenance.
Further, focus adjustment seat 454 is provided with focal length locating part 456 near the end of oxygen bomb cylinder 41.In this specific embodiment, focal length locating part 456 to be also installed on concentration piece mount pad 450 by the mode adjustable ground of threaded engagement and to be positioned at the below of focus adjustment seat 454.When operating, operating personnel's rotary coke regulates the distance between concentration piece 452 and photo-emission source 430 apart from adjustment seat 454, and when focus adjustment seat 454 rotates to precalculated position, rotary coke makes it be connected to below focus adjustment seat 454 to carry out spacing with focusing adjustment seat 454, prevent it from relative to concentration piece mount pad 450, downward shift occurring apart from locating part 456.
Please again referring to Fig. 3, sample holds assembly 50 and is arranged in oxygen bomb cylinder 41, and it comprises rack fixed rod 51 and sample ware 53.One end of rack fixed rod 51 is removably installed in and plays on core 412, and the other end stretches in body 410.Sample ware 53 adjustable ground to be installed on rack fixed rod 51 and to aim at the second light hole 4124, to make the laser after by concentration piece 452 optically focused on the sample of the second light hole 4124 direct irradiation in sample ware 53.
The top of sample ware 53 is also provided with fireguard 55, to prevent flame that in sample ware 53, sample 70 produces in combustion or other parts of high temperature failure.Fireguard 55 is provided with the 3rd light hole 550 aimed at the second light hole 4124.Particularly, sample ware 53 and fireguard 55 are successively and compartment of terrain is arranged on rack fixed rod 51, and both are connected one end both sides with rack fixed rod 51 are respectively arranged with the securing member 57 be threaded with rack fixed rod 51, to move sample ware 53 and fireguard 55 by adjustment securing member 57 relative to the position of rack fixed rod 51.So, by the adjustable setting of sample ware 53, operating personnel in process of the test by regulating the position of sample ware 53 to adapt to the different combustion spaces of different sample 70, such as, some sample 70 needs sufficient space when burning, if insufficient space, will incomplete combustion be caused, and affect test findings.Meanwhile, by regulating the height of sample ware 53, the distance also in adjustable photo-emission source 430 and sample ware 53 between sample 70.So, the adjustment of sample ware 53 height and the adjustment of focus adjustment seat 454 height, be conducive to the bidirectional modulation of the distance in photo-emission source 430 and sample ware 53 between sample 70, the Rendezvous Point of the light produced to regulate photo-emission source 430, and then the irradiation energy of the light regulating photo-emission source 430 to produce.
In process of the test, the laser that generating laser produces passes through Optical Fiber Transmission, transfer on the concentration piece 452 of concentrating component 45 through the first light-conductive hole 441 and the second light-conductive hole 442, the sample 70 of laser after optically focused in the first light hole 4123, second light hole 4124 and the 3rd light hole 550 pairs of oxygen bomb cylinders 41 in sample ware 53 irradiates, sample 70 is burnt under oxygen or oneself's reaction, the burn heat that produces of sample 70 conducts to water in staving 20 by oxygen bomb cylinder 41, calculate the heating power of sample 70, reaction heat or quick-fried heat by the temperature variation measuring water.
Wherein, adopt laser ignition mode, not only can realize the measurement of the heating power of combustible material, reaction material can also be impelled to decompose by the control of control device 60 pairs of laser power sizes and irradiation duration, to adapt to the measurement of the heating power of firing-difficult matter matter, can test sample product 70 kind more extensive; Adopt laser ignition mode can not only the heating power of test sample product 70 simultaneously, can also test sample 70 reaction heat (reaction heat refer to material unstability after the heat that produces of internal-response, such as, reaction heat between the quick-fried heat of the energetic materials such as gunpowder, explosive and propellant and metastable material component); In addition, because not being subject to the restriction of the conditions such as igniting filament length degree, adopt laser ignition mode not only can test liquid samples 70 such as solid sample 70, fuels and chemicals such as coal as routine, also can carry out reaction calorific value and quick-fried Thermal test to the various energetic materials in gas with various environment (air, nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen), accommodation is wider.
Wherein, adopt laser ignition formula calorimeter of the present invention to test the reaction heat of energetic material PA and certified reference coal and heating power respectively, the result obtained is as table 1.
Table 1
It should be noted that, in table 1, energetic material PA and certified reference coal are only representative sample, do not play restriction effect to the laser ignition formula calorimeter scope of application and sample type in the present invention.
Further, oxygen bomb device 40 also comprises the optical filter 47 of light-permeable, and optical filter 47 is relative with concentration piece 452 and be positioned at below concentration piece 452, and namely concentration piece 452 is between optical transport part 431 and optical filter 47.In this specific embodiment, optical filter 47 is arranged at and plays in core 412 in second light hole 4124 and be positioned at same optical channel with concentration piece 452.Laser after concentration piece 452 optically focused can through optical filter 47 leaded light on the sample 70 in sample ware 53, and the contaminants that optical filter 47 can also effectively prevent sample 70 from producing when burning simultaneously is positioned at the concentration piece 452 above sample 70.In this specific embodiment, optical filter 47 is piezoid, because quartz has performance that is high temperature resistant, high strength, therefore when sample 70 produces high pressure in oxygen bomb cylinder 41 combustion, optical filter 47 also helps and prevents from damaging concentration piece 452 because of the high pressure in oxygen bomb cylinder 41.Understandably, in some other embodiment, optical filter 47 also can be arranged in the first light hole 4123 of concentration piece mount pad 450, in this no limit.
In this specific embodiment, play in core 412 and be provided with push rod 48, optical filter 47 to be supported on push rod 48 and to be connected between the inner and push rod 48 of described bullet core 412, thus more stable being fixed on of optical filter 47 is played in core 412.Wherein, push rod 48 is threadedly connected in described bullet the core 412 and middle part of push rod 48 and is communicated with the optical channel forming confession laser and pass with the second light hole 4124.
In order to better improve sealing effectiveness, calorimeter also comprises seal 81,82,83,84,85,86.Seal 81 is arranged between charging connector 490 and gas valve core 492, seal 82 is arranged at charging connector 490 and plays between core 412, seal 83 is arranged between fibre-optical splice 432 and focus adjustment seat 454, seal 84 is arranged at concentration piece mount pad 450 and plays between core 412, seal 85 is arranged at optical filter 47 and bullet core 412, between optical filter 47 and push rod 48, seal 86 is arranged at body 410 and plays between core 412.By setting up seal, improving the sealing effectiveness of oxygen bomb cylinder 41, inflatable component 49 and concentrating component 45 further, effectively improving the waterproof effect of whole oxygen bomb device 40, to protect each parts in oxygen bomb cylinder 41, inflatable component 49 and concentrating component 45.
Please again referring to Fig. 1, staving 20 comprises upper cover 21, bung 22, outer barrel 23 and interior bucket 24.Oxygen bomb cylinder 41 and the concentrating component 45 be arranged on oxygen bomb cylinder 41 are placed in described interior bucket 24 with inflatable component 49, and interior bucket 24 is placed in outer barrel 23, and bung 22 is arranged on the top of interior bucket 24 and described outer barrel 23, and upper cover 21 is arranged on bung 22.
Outer barrel 23 comprises lateral wall 230, middle sidewall 232 and madial wall 234 3 layers of sidewall.Madial wall 234 is near interior bucket 24, and middle sidewall 232 between madial wall 234 and lateral wall 230, and madial wall 234 and middle sidewall 232, to be all spaced a distance between middle sidewall 232 and lateral wall 230.Form outer chamber 25 between lateral wall 230 and middle sidewall 232, form outer barrel liquid level for carrying liquid.Inner chamber body 26 is formed between the middle sidewall 232 of outer barrel 23 and madial wall 234.Be vacuum in inner chamber body 26, form vacuum layer.Keep at a certain distance away between the madial wall 234 of outer barrel and interior bucket 24 and form cavity 27.Can injecting gas or liquid in cavity 27, to form gas blanket or liquid level, or the air in cavity 27 is extracted out and forms vacuum layer.In this specific embodiment, the liquid in outer chamber 25 outer barrel liquid level is preferably water, injecting gas in cavity 27, forms gas blanket.
Further, the top of inner chamber body 26 is closed, to prevent heat by the top of inner chamber body 26 to external diffusion, can well ensure the vacuum environment in inner chamber body 26, extraneous air can not enter into inner chamber body 26 by the top of inner chamber body 26 and affect the vacuum layer of inner chamber body 26.
Temperature probe 28 is provided with in the outer barrel liquid level that outer chamber 25 is formed, one end of temperature probe 28 is stretched in the outer barrel liquid level of outer chamber 25, and the other end is fixed on bung 22 and its signal wire passes bung 22 is connected with external unit thus is sent out by signal wire by the temperature data of outer barrel liquid level in the outer chamber 25 recorded.
The bottom of the middle sidewall 232 of outer barrel is provided with vacuum exhaust nozzle 29.One end of vacuum exhaust nozzle 29 is connected with the bottom of the middle sidewall 232 of outer barrel 23 and extend in inner chamber body 26, and the other end of vacuum exhaust nozzle 29 runs through the bottom of the lateral wall 230 of outer barrel 23, and and extraneous contact.When needing experiment, the air of the existence in inner chamber body 26 can be extracted out by vacuum exhaust nozzle 29, form vacuum layer.
Interior bucket 24 comprises the accommodating cavity 241 being marked with liquid.In this specific embodiment, the liquid injected in accommodating cavity 241 is preferably water.Oxygen bomb cylinder 41 to be placed in accommodating cavity 241 and to be partly or entirely placed in the liquid of accommodating cavity 241.Wherein, when oxygen bomb cylinder 41 is placed in the liquid of accommodating cavity 241, in accommodating cavity 241, the maximum height of liquid is for flush with bullet lid 414, and the inflatable component 49 be arranged on bullet lid 414 is all arranged on accommodating cavity 241 liquid with concentrating component 45.
Temperature probe 30 is provided with in the accommodating cavity 241 of interior bucket 24.One end of temperature probe 30 is placed in the accommodating cavity 241 of interior bucket 24, the other end with stretch into bung 22, and the signal wire of temperature probe 30 passes bung 22 is connected with external unit, thus the data of the temperature of liquid in bucket 24 in recording is sent out.
The one side of bung 22 offers multiple groove, comprises the first groove 221, second groove 223 and the 3rd groove 225.The top side wall of interior bucket 24 extend in the first groove 221, and the middle sidewall 232 of outer barrel 23 and the top of madial wall 234 extend in the second groove 223, and the top of the lateral wall of outer barrel 23 extend in the 3rd groove 225.Like this, by interior bucket 24 and each sidewall of outer barrel 23 and coordinating of groove, bung 22 can be made to form good sealing to interior bucket 24 and outer barrel 23.
Calorimeter 100 also comprises seal 87,88 and 89.Seal 87 is contained in the first groove 21 of bung 22, and between bung 22 and the top side wall of interior bucket 24; Seal 88 is contained in the second groove 22 of bung 22, and in bung 22 and outer barrel 23 between sidewall 232 and the top of madial wall 234; Seal 89 is contained in the 3rd groove 23 of bung 22, and between bung 22 and lateral wall 230 top of outer barrel 23.By setting up seal, improving sealing effectiveness further, effectively preventing the diffusion of heat, improve the accuracy of calorimeter.
Bung 22 offers through hole 227, after bung 22 is coordinated by respective slot with interior bucket 24 top side wall and each top side wall of outer barrel 23, accommodating cavity 241 is communicated with through hole 227, thus realizes interior bucket 24 by through hole 227 and be communicated with extraneous; Upper cover 21 is positioned to be closed by through hole 227 on bung 22, enters accommodating cavity 241 to prevent outside air.More specifically, upper cover 21 is provided with protruding 210 on the face contacted with bung 22, and the periphery of the through hole 227 of bung 22 is provided with projection 229.When upper cover 21 is positioned on bung 22, projection 229 coordinates with protruding 210, and through hole 227 is closed by upper cover 21, and protruding 210 are placed in through hole 227.
Calorimeter 100 also comprises the seal 90 be arranged between the projection 229 of bung 22 and the projection 210 of upper cover 21, to form sealing to the cooperation of bung 22 and upper cover 21, effectively prevents interior bucket 24 from carrying out heat interchange with the external world.In this specific embodiment, the sidewall chamfering of the close through hole 227 of projection 229 and formed towards the inclined-plane of upper cover 21, seal 90 and this contact of incline plane.Be appreciated that upper cover 21 and bung 22 also can manufacture an entirety.Upper cover 21 is made with bung 22 form be separated, then in experimentation, only needs to open upper cover 21, oxygen bomb cylinder 41 and fuel are put into from through hole 227 or taken out.
In experimentation, liquid is injected in interior bucket 24, bucket liquid level in being formed, whole calorimeter is in closed state, heat can be produced after fuel combustion in oxygen bomb cylinder 41, heat is dissipated to interior bucket liquid level and interior bucket fluid temperature can be caused to change, and in being measured by temperature probe, the temperature variation of bucket liquid level, measures thermal value in conjunction with amount of liquid.
In calorimeter of the present invention, in order to ensure the impact of exchange heat on experimental result, be provided with liquid in interlayer in the lateral wall 230 and outer barrel 23 of outer barrel 23 between sidewall 232, form outer barrel liquid level, effectively prevent the diffusion of external environment to heat from having an impact; On the basis being provided with outer barrel liquid level, in outer barrel 23, form vacuum layer between sidewall 232 and outer barrel 23 madial wall 234, reduce the exchange of heat further; Further, between interior bucket 24 and the madial wall 234 of outer barrel 23, form cavity 27, can injecting gas or liquid in cavity 27, form gas blanket or liquid level, or extract air in cavity 27 out and form vacuum layer, bucket 24 and extraneous isolation in strengthening.Adopt the three-layer type heat insulation of the outer barrel liquid level of described uniqueness, vacuum layer and cavity, provide good experimental situation to interior bucket 24, effectively by heat insulation with the external world for interior bucket 24, the Stability and veracity of experiment can be ensured.
As Fig. 4, in second embodiment of the invention, the outer barrel 23 of calorimeter only comprises the lateral wall 230 with the sidewall spacers certain distance of interior bucket 24.Formed between the sidewall of lateral wall 230 and interior bucket 24 and be used for carrying liquid and the outer chamber 25 forming outer barrel liquid level, and omit the cavity 27 formed between the madial wall 234 of the inner chamber body 26 and outer barrel formed between the middle sidewall 232 of outer barrel 23 in first embodiment of the invention and madial wall 234 and interior bucket 24.
In experimentation, interior bucket 24 is placed in outer barrel 23 and the accommodating cavity 241 of interior bucket 24 injects liquid, bucket liquid level in being formed; In outer chamber 25, inject liquid, form outer barrel liquid level; Outer barrel liquid level separates inner for outer barrel 23 with the external world, prevents the external world from having an impact to the temperature of outer barrel 23 inside; Effectively prevent the diffusion of external environment to heat from having an impact.Whole calorimeter is in closed state, can produce heat after the fuel combustion in oxygen bomb cylinder 41, and heat is dissipated to interior bucket liquid level and interior bucket fluid temperature can be caused to change, and in being measured by temperature probe, the temperature variation of bucket liquid level, measures thermal value in conjunction with amount of liquid.
In the present invention, adopt laser ignition mode, not only can realize the measurement of the heating power of combustible material, reaction material can also be impelled to decompose by the control of control device 60 pairs of laser power sizes and irradiation duration, to adapt to the measurement of the heating power of firing-difficult matter matter, can test sample product 70 kind more extensive; Adopt laser ignition mode can not only the heating power of test sample product 70 simultaneously, can also test sample 70 reaction heat (reaction heat refer to material unstability after the heat that produces of internal-response, such as, reaction heat between the quick-fried heat of the energetic materials such as gunpowder, explosive and propellant and metastable material component); In addition, because not being subject to the restriction of the conditions such as igniting filament length degree, adopt laser ignition mode not only can test liquid samples 70 such as solid sample 70, fuels and chemicals such as coal as routine, also can carry out reaction calorific value and quick-fried Thermal test to the various energetic materials in gas with various environment (air, nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen), accommodation is wider.Simultaneously, optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are arranged at oxygen bomb cylinder 41 outside, on the one hand when oxygen bomb cylinder 41 is placed in the liquid of staving 20, optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are all arranged on staving 20 liquid, prevent the damage causing optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 because liquid infiltrates; On the other hand, in process of the test, operating personnel can carry out adaptability adjustment according to the different singularity of different sample 70 to the frequency of the light that optical transmitting set 43 produces and make-and-break time, workable, and just can directly safeguard optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 without the need to carrying out dismounting to oxygen bomb cylinder 41 when later maintenance, simple and convenient; Again, optical transmitting set 43 and concentrating component 45 are placed in the outer and inner space without the need to taking oxygen bomb cylinder 41 of oxygen bomb cylinder 41, mutually collide and cause damaging when avoiding gap between the inner each element of oxygen bomb cylinder 41 too little and cause each element dismounting and between adjacent elements.In addition, optical filter 47 between concentration piece 452 and sample 70 is also provided with in oxygen bomb device 40, the contaminants effectively preventing sample 70 from producing when burning is positioned at the concentration piece 452 above sample 70, and when sample 70 produces high pressure in oxygen bomb cylinder 41 combustion, prevent from damaging concentrating component 45 because pressure is excessive.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. calorimeter, it is characterized in that: comprise staving, oxygen bomb device and control device, described staving comprises outer barrel and is placed in the interior bucket of described outer barrel, described outer barrel comprises lateral wall, is formed and be used for carrying liquid and the outer chamber forming outer barrel liquid level between the sidewall of described lateral wall and described interior bucket; Described oxygen bomb device comprises oxygen bomb cylinder and portfire, and described portfire comprises optical transmitting set and concentrating component; It is outside that described optical transmitting set is arranged at described oxygen bomb cylinder, and described concentrating component and described oxygen bomb cylinder are together placed in described interior bucket; The light that described optical transmitting set produces under the control of described control device after described concentrating component optically focused direct irradiation in described oxygen bomb cylinder.
2. calorimeter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described concentrating component is arranged at described oxygen bomb cylinder outside and comprises concentration piece mount pad and concentration piece, and described oxygen bomb cylinder comprises the opening-like body in one end, plays core and bullet lid; Described bullet core is arranged at one end that described body is opening, and it is outer and be arranged on described body that described bullet lid is sheathed on described bullet core; The outside surface that described concentration piece mount pad is fixedly installed in described bullet core stretches out in outside described bullet lid, and described concentration piece is installed in described concentration piece mount pad.
3. calorimeter as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described optical transmitting set is connected with described concentrating component and independent of outside described oxygen bomb cylinder, described optical transmitting set comprises photo-emission source and the optical transport part for optical transport, described concentrating component comprises the focus adjustment seat be arranged on described concentration piece mount pad, described focus adjustment seat and described concentration piece mount pad are movable between the two to be arranged, and described optical transport part is connected between described photo-emission source and described focus adjustment seat.
4. calorimeter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described photo-emission source is generating laser, described optical transport part is the optical fiber for Laser Transmission, one end of described optical fiber is connected with described generating laser, and the other end of described optical fiber is installed on described focus adjustment seat by fibre-optical splice.
5. calorimeter as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: also comprise focal length locating part, and described focal length locating part adjustable ground to be installed on described concentration piece mount pad and to be positioned at the below of described focus adjustment seat.
6. calorimeter as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described oxygen bomb device also comprises the optical filter of light-permeable, and described optical filter is relative with described concentration piece and be positioned at the below of described concentration piece.
7. calorimeter as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described optical filter is be arranged at the piezoid that described bullet in-core and described concentration piece are positioned at same optical channel, described bullet in-core is provided with push rod, and described optical filter to be supported on described push rod and to be connected between described bullet core inner and described push rod.
8. calorimeter as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described oxygen bomb device also comprises the sample be arranged in described oxygen bomb cylinder and holds assembly, described sample holds assembly and comprises rack fixed rod and sample ware, one end of described rack fixed rod is removably installed on described bullet core, and the other end of described rack fixed rod stretches in described body; Described sample ware adjustable ground to be installed on described rack fixed rod and to be positioned at same optical channel with described concentration piece; The top of sample ware is also provided with fireguard, and described fireguard adjustable ground is installed on described rack fixed rod.
9. calorimeter as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: be provided with seal between described fibre-optical splice and described focus adjustment seat, between described concentration piece mount pad and described bullet core and between described body and described bullet core.
10. calorimeter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described outer barrel also comprises middle sidewall and madial wall, described madial wall is near described interior bucket, and described middle sidewall is between described madial wall and described lateral wall; Formed between described lateral wall and described middle sidewall and be used for carrying liquid and the outer chamber forming outer barrel liquid level, the inner chamber body of vacuum layer is formed between the middle sidewall of described outer barrel and described madial wall, cavity is formed between the madial wall of described outer barrel and described interior bucket, can injecting gas or liquid in described cavity, to form gas blanket or liquid level, or the air in cavity is extracted out and forms vacuum layer.
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Application publication date: 20150729 |