CN104807630A - H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine blade static force structure test device and method - Google Patents
H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine blade static force structure test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种H型垂直轴风力机叶片结构静力试验装置及方法，包括支座部件、加载抱箍、分配梁、连接部件、力传感器、位移传感器和应变片。试验时，通过调节分配梁长度L和加载抱箍位置B，可以模拟叶片在各类工况下的实际弯矩分布；调节支座部件和加载抱箍结构形式，可模拟叶片的轴向扭转和多攻角下的受力状态。测量叶片在受载情况下的变形和应变分布，进而评估叶片的结构性能。本发明仅对装置施加一个外部载荷，便可实现叶片弯曲、扭转、多攻角组合加载形式，操作简单方便，结果准确可靠，具有较强的普适性。
The invention relates to a static test device and method for the blade structure of an H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine, comprising a support part, a loading hoop, a distribution beam, a connecting part, a force sensor, a displacement sensor and a strain gauge. During the test, by adjusting the length L of the distribution beam and the position B of the loading hoop, the actual bending moment distribution of the blade under various working conditions can be simulated; the axial torsion and Stress state at multiple angles of attack. Measure the deformation and strain distribution of the blade under load to evaluate the structural performance of the blade. The invention only needs to apply an external load to the device to realize the combined loading form of blade bending, torsion and multiple attack angles, the operation is simple and convenient, the result is accurate and reliable, and it has strong universality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种静力结构试验装置，尤其是一种大型H型垂直轴风力发电机叶片静力结构试验装置及方法。The invention relates to a static structure test device, in particular to a static structure test device and method for a blade of a large H-type vertical axis wind power generator.
背景技术Background technique
大型H型垂直轴风力机的风轮装置由叶片、支架和主轴构成，支架用来连接叶片和主轴，以形成具有一定刚度的大型H型框架结构，常见的框架结构有单支架型和双支架型两种。叶片是风力发电机的关键部件，关系到整个机组的运行安全和稳定，为确保叶片静载荷承载能力和强度，需要对叶片进行结构静力试验，测定叶片在各类工况下的结构性能。在实际运行中，叶片的受力情况比较复杂，风载荷和惯性载荷使叶片承受弯曲、扭转等多种受力形式，且叶片具有一定攻角，这样使得叶片的结构性能分析更为困难。因此，如何有更好的装置和方法来对大型H型垂直轴风力发电机叶片进行静力结构试验，亟待解决。The wind wheel device of a large H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine consists of blades, brackets and a main shaft. The brackets are used to connect the blades and the main shaft to form a large H-shaped frame structure with a certain rigidity. Common frame structures include single bracket and double brackets. There are two types. The blade is a key component of the wind turbine, which is related to the operation safety and stability of the entire unit. In order to ensure the static load bearing capacity and strength of the blade, it is necessary to conduct a structural static test on the blade to measure the structural performance of the blade under various working conditions. In actual operation, the force of the blade is more complicated. The wind load and inertial load make the blade bear bending, torsion and other force forms, and the blade has a certain angle of attack, which makes the structural performance analysis of the blade more difficult. Therefore, how to have a better device and method to carry out static structural tests on the blades of large H-shaped vertical-axis wind turbines needs to be solved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种大型H型垂直轴风力发电机叶片静力结构试验装置及方法，仅对装置施加一个外部载荷，便可实现叶片弯曲、扭转、多攻角组合加载形式，操作简单方便，结果准确可靠，具有较强的普适性。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a large-scale H-type vertical axis wind turbine blade static structure test device and method, only one external load is applied to the device, and the blade can be bent, twisted, and multi-tapped. Angular combination loading form, simple and convenient operation, accurate and reliable results, and strong universality.
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for solving its technical problem is:
一种H型垂直轴风力机叶片结构静力试验装置，包括支座部件、加载抱箍、分配梁、连接部件、力传感器、位移传感器和应变片，其特征在于，至少一所述支座部件固定设置在基础或地面上，所述支座部件包括从下到上依次安装在一起的固定基座、支撑支座和支座抱箍，用于支撑叶片并调节叶片攻角；在每个支座部件两侧一定距离处的叶片上套一对加载抱箍，用于确定加载点，控制叶片扭转角度和攻角；用连接部件将加载抱箍与分配梁两端相连，分配梁中部施加外部载荷，用于传递并分配载荷；在外部载荷作用点安装力传感器，在加载抱箍位置和/或其他叶片轴线位置安装位移传感器，在叶片轴线方向布置应变片。A static test device for H-type vertical axis wind turbine blade structure, including support parts, loading hoops, distribution beams, connecting parts, force sensors, displacement sensors and strain gauges, characterized in that at least one of the support parts Fixedly installed on the foundation or the ground, the support part includes a fixed base, a support support and a support hoop installed together from bottom to top in order to support the blade and adjust the angle of attack of the blade; A pair of loading hoops are placed on the blades at a certain distance on both sides of the seat part to determine the loading point and control the torsion angle and angle of attack of the blades; the loading hoops are connected to the two ends of the distribution beam with connecting parts, and the middle part of the distribution beam is applied externally. The load is used to transmit and distribute the load; the force sensor is installed at the external load point, the displacement sensor is installed at the loading hoop position and/or other blade axis positions, and the strain gauge is arranged in the blade axis direction.
优选地，所述支座抱箍由固定外环和旋转内环组合而成，所述固定外环与支撑支座固定连接，所述旋转内环固定套住叶片使二者可一起转动，根据叶片所需攻角调节内环角度，内外环锁紧后可提供叶片所需工况下的攻角。其中，内环固定套住叶片的方式为：先由随形抱箍紧固叶片，再用夹具固定夹持，通过固定销将夹具紧固在旋转内环上。Preferably, the support hoop is composed of a fixed outer ring and a rotating inner ring, the fixed outer ring is fixedly connected to the supporting support, and the rotating inner ring is fixedly encased in the blade so that the two can rotate together, according to The angle of attack required by the blade adjusts the angle of the inner ring. After the inner and outer rings are locked, the angle of attack under the required working conditions of the blade can be provided. Among them, the way that the inner ring is fixedly covering the blade is as follows: the blade is first fastened by a conformal hoop, and then fixed and clamped by a clamp, and the clamp is fastened on the rotating inner ring by a fixing pin.
优选地，所述加载抱箍结构设计为：随形抱箍紧固叶片，两侧面焊接上、下法兰，法兰上设计多个吊孔(距叶片剪力中心有不同的偏心距)，吊孔处通过连接部件连接分配梁，根据法兰和吊孔位置实现叶片偏心扭转以及多攻角加载。Preferably, the loading hoop structure is designed as follows: the blade is fastened by the shape hoop, the upper and lower flanges are welded on both sides, and a plurality of lifting holes are designed on the flange (with different eccentric distances from the shear center of the blade), The lifting hole is connected to the distribution beam through connecting parts, and the eccentric torsion of the blade and the multi-attack angle loading can be realized according to the position of the flange and the lifting hole.
优选地，所述分配梁的设置随支座数目而变化：单支座时，设置一个分配梁，中部承受外加载荷，距离加载点一定距离的两端分别连接加载抱箍；双支座时，设置一个一级分配梁和两个二级分配梁，一级分配梁中部承受外加载荷，二级分配梁两端连接加载抱箍，一级分配梁两端与两个二级分配梁中部用连接部件连接。Preferably, the setting of the distribution beam varies with the number of supports: for a single support, one distribution beam is provided, the middle part bears the applied load, and the two ends at a certain distance from the loading point are respectively connected to loading hoops; for double supports, Set one first-level distribution beam and two second-level distribution beams, the middle part of the first-level distribution beam bears the external load, the two ends of the second-level distribution beam are connected with loading hoops, and the two ends of the first-level distribution beam are connected with the middle parts of the two second-level distribution beams Component connections.
本发明的H型垂直轴风力机叶片静力结构试验装置，试验时，在分配梁中部施加拉力，并利用分配梁的力劈长度和加载抱箍位置，近似模拟叶片在各类工况下的实际弯矩分布；同时，支座抱箍旋转角度、加载抱箍偏心距使具有一定攻角的叶片产生扭转。这样仅输入一个拉力载荷，便可实现叶片弯曲、扭转、多攻角组合加载形式。通过载荷、变形和应变分布，可评估叶片在静载荷下的结构性能。In the static structure test device of the H-type vertical axis wind turbine blade of the present invention, during the test, a tensile force is applied to the middle of the distribution beam, and the force splitting length of the distribution beam and the position of the loading hoop are used to approximately simulate the blade under various working conditions. The actual bending moment distribution; at the same time, the rotation angle of the support hoop and the eccentricity of the loading hoop make the blade with a certain angle of attack twist. In this way, only one tensile load is input, and the combined loading form of blade bending, torsion, and multiple attack angles can be realized. Through the load, deformation and strain distribution, the structural performance of the blade under static load can be evaluated.
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种利用本发明的大型H型垂直轴风力发电机叶片静力结构试验装置进行试验的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for testing using the large-scale H-type vertical axis wind turbine blade static structure test device of the present invention, wherein the method includes the following steps:
SS1.根据叶片所需加载的弯矩分布，确定支座部件位置、加载臂Bi、Bj和Lx、Ly的长度，其中，Bi、Bj为一对加载抱箍与支座部件之间的距离，Lx、Ly为分配梁中部加载点与两端之间的距离；SS1. According to the bending moment distribution required by the blade, determine the position of the support parts, the lengths of the loading arms B i , B j and L x , L y , where Bi and B j are a pair of loading hoops and the support The distance between components, L x and L y are the distance between the loading point in the middle of the distribution beam and the two ends;
SS2.支座部件固定设置在基地或地面上，包括从下到上依次安装在一起的固定基座、支撑支座和支座抱箍，支座抱箍的旋转内环套住叶片，根据所需试验的叶片攻角大小调节内环角度，用螺栓锁紧内外环；SS2. The support components are fixed on the base or the ground, including the fixed base, the support support and the support hoop installed together from bottom to top. The rotating inner ring of the support hoop covers the blade. The angle of attack of the blade to be tested is adjusted to the angle of the inner ring, and the inner and outer rings are locked with bolts;
SS3.在距离支座部件左右侧分别为Bi、Bj处的叶片上套一对加载抱箍，根据所需扭转角度大小选择适当偏心距的吊孔位置，用连接部件将吊孔与分配梁端部相连；SS3. Put a pair of loading hoops on the blades at the left and right sides of the support component at B i and B j respectively, select the lifting hole position with an appropriate eccentricity according to the required torsion angle, and use the connecting parts to connect the lifting hole and the distribution The beam ends are connected;
SS4.当装置为双支座型时，添加两个二级分配梁，连接在一级分配梁与加载抱箍之间，用于二次传递和分配载荷；SS4. When the device is a double-support type, add two secondary distribution beams, connected between the primary distribution beam and the loading hoop, for secondary transmission and distribution of loads;
SS5.对分配梁中部加载点施加外部载荷，根据现场条件可采用方法：利用吊车施加向上拉力，或利用悬挂重物方式施加向下拉力；SS5. Apply an external load to the loading point in the middle of the distribution beam. According to the site conditions, methods can be used: use a crane to apply upward tension, or use a hanging weight to apply downward tension;
SS6.利用力传感器测量叶片的总载荷，再利用分配梁长度比例Lx、Ly计算作用在各个加载抱箍上的拉力，最后计算叶片的弯矩分布；同样，根据支座抱箍旋转角度、加载抱箍偏心距和拉力，可计算扭转角度和扭转力矩；利用位移传感器测量叶片在受载情况下沿轴线的变形分布；利用应变片，测量叶片的应变分布；SS6. Use the force sensor to measure the total load of the blade, and then use the distribution beam length ratio L x , L y to calculate the tension acting on each loading hoop, and finally calculate the bending moment distribution of the blade; similarly, according to the rotation angle of the support hoop , Load the eccentricity and tension of the hoop to calculate the torsion angle and torsional moment; use the displacement sensor to measure the deformation distribution of the blade along the axis under load; use the strain gauge to measure the strain distribution of the blade;
SS7.根据叶片的载荷、变形和应变分布，确定叶片受力关键截面的位置和应变水平，进而评估叶片结构性能。SS7. According to the load, deformation and strain distribution of the blade, determine the position and strain level of the key section of the blade under stress, and then evaluate the structural performance of the blade.
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点在于，仅对装置施加一个外部载荷，便可实现叶片弯曲、扭转、多攻角组合加载形式，操作简单方便，结果准确可靠，具有较强的普适性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage that only one external load is applied to the device, and the blade bending, torsion, and multiple attack angle combined loading forms can be realized, the operation is simple and convenient, the result is accurate and reliable, and it has strong universality .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的H型垂直轴风力机叶片结构静力试验装置示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of static test device of H type vertical axis wind turbine blade structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明的支座部件示意图，其中，(A)为支座部件装置组成图，(B)为支座抱箍内环未锁紧示意图，(C)为支座抱箍内环锁紧示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the support part of the present invention, wherein (A) is a composition diagram of the support part device, (B) is a schematic diagram of an unlocked inner ring of the support hoop, and (C) is a lock of the inner ring of the support hoop Tight diagram;
图3为加载抱箍示意图，其中，(A)为叶片无攻角无扭矩示意图，(B)为支叶片有攻角无扭矩示意图，(C)为叶片无攻角有扭矩示意图，(D)为叶片有攻角有扭矩示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the loading hoop, where (A) is a schematic diagram of the blade without an angle of attack and no torque, (B) is a schematic diagram of a branch blade with an angle of attack but without torque, (C) is a schematic diagram of a blade with no angle of attack and torque, (D) It is a schematic diagram of blade with angle of attack and torque.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
以双支座叶片为例，如图1所示，本发明的H型垂直轴风力机叶片结构静力试验装置，包括支座部件1、加载抱箍2、一个一级分配梁3、两个二级分配梁4、连接部件5(优选为吊绳或铰链)、力传感器6、位移传感器和应变片。根据叶片所需加载的弯矩分布，确定支座部件1位置、加载抱箍2位置和一级分配梁3、二级分配梁4的长度，具体包括：加载抱箍2与支座部件1之间的距离B1、B2和B3、B4，二级分配梁4中部加载点与两端之间的距离L21、L22和L23、L24，一级分配梁3中部加载点与两端之间的距离L11、L12。Taking the double-support blade as an example, as shown in Figure 1, the H-type vertical axis wind turbine blade structure static test device of the present invention includes a support component 1, a loading hoop 2, a primary distribution beam 3, two Secondary distribution beam 4, connecting part 5 (preferably a suspension rope or hinge), force sensor 6, displacement sensor and strain gauge. According to the bending moment distribution required to load the blade, determine the position of the support part 1, the position of the loading hoop 2 and the lengths of the first-level distribution beam 3 and the second-level distribution beam 4, specifically including: the connection between the loading hoop 2 and the support part 1 distances B 1 , B 2 and B 3 , B 4 , distances L 21 , L 22 and L 23 , L 24 between the loading point in the middle of the secondary distribution beam 4 and both ends, and the loading point in the middle of the primary distribution beam 3 The distances L 11 and L 12 between the two ends.
参照图2，支座部件1固定设置在基础或地面上，包括从下到上依次安装在一起的固定基座7、支撑支座8和支座抱箍9，用于支撑叶片并调节叶片攻角。支座抱箍9由固定外环10和旋转内环11组合而成，外环10与支撑支座8固定连接，内环11固定套住叶片使二者可一起转动。其中，内环11固定套住叶片的方式为：先由随形抱箍12紧固叶片，再用夹具13固定夹持，通过固定销14将夹具13紧固在内环11上。根据试验工况所需的叶片攻角，旋转内环11至所需角度，用螺栓15锁紧外环10和内环11。Referring to Fig. 2, the support part 1 is fixedly arranged on the foundation or the ground, and includes a fixed base 7, a support base 8 and a support hoop 9 installed together from bottom to top, for supporting the blade and adjusting the blade tapping. horn. The support hoop 9 is composed of a fixed outer ring 10 and a rotating inner ring 11. The outer ring 10 is fixedly connected with the supporting base 8, and the inner ring 11 is fixedly encased in the blade so that the two can rotate together. Wherein, the method of fixing the inner ring 11 to cover the blade is as follows: the blade is first fastened by the conformal hoop 12 , and then fixed and clamped by the clamp 13 , and the clamp 13 is fastened on the inner ring 11 by the fixing pin 14 . Rotate the inner ring 11 to the desired angle according to the angle of attack of the blade required by the test working condition, and lock the outer ring 10 and the inner ring 11 with bolts 15 .
参照图3，在B1、B2和B3、B4处的叶片上各套一个加载抱箍2，用于确定加载点，控制叶片扭转角度和攻角。加载抱箍2结构设计为：随形抱箍12紧固叶片，两侧面焊接上、下法兰16，法兰16上设计多个吊孔17(距叶片剪力中心有不同的偏心距e)。根据是否扭转加载，选择具有适当偏心距e的吊孔17，用吊绳(或铰链)5连接吊孔17和二级分配梁4的两端。Referring to Fig. 3, a loading hoop 2 is set on the blades at B 1 , B 2 and B 3 , B 4 to determine the loading point and control the torsion angle and attack angle of the blade. The structure design of the loading hoop 2 is as follows: the blade is fastened by the shape hoop 12, the upper and lower flanges 16 are welded on both sides, and a plurality of lifting holes 17 are designed on the flange 16 (there are different eccentric distances e from the shear force center of the blade) . According to whether torsion loading, select the lifting hole 17 with appropriate eccentricity e, connect the two ends of lifting hole 17 and secondary distribution beam 4 with lifting rope (or hinge) 5.
参照图1，用连接部件5将二级分配梁4中部与一级分配梁3两端相连接，用于传递并分配载荷。在一级分配梁3中部施加外部载荷，根据现场条件可利用吊车施加向上拉力，或利用悬挂重物方式施加向下拉力。在外部载荷作用点安装力传感器6，在加载抱箍位置或其他叶片轴线位置安装位移传感器，在叶片轴线方向布置应变片。Referring to FIG. 1 , the middle part of the secondary distribution beam 4 is connected with the two ends of the primary distribution beam 3 by connecting parts 5 for transferring and distributing loads. An external load is applied to the middle part of the primary distribution beam 3, and a crane can be used to apply an upward pulling force according to site conditions, or a downward pulling force can be applied by hanging heavy objects. The force sensor 6 is installed at the point where the external load acts, the displacement sensor is installed at the position of the loading hoop or other blade axis positions, and the strain gauges are arranged in the direction of the blade axis.
利用力传感器6测量叶片的总载荷，再利用分配梁长度比例L21、L22、L23、L24和L11、L12计算作用在各个加载抱箍2上的拉力，最后计算叶片的弯矩分布；同样，根据支座抱箍9旋转角度、加载抱箍2偏心距e和拉力，可计算扭转角度和扭转力矩T。利用位移传感器测量叶片在受载情况下沿轴线的变形分布。利用应变片，测量叶片的应变分布。根据叶片的载荷、变形和应变分布，确定叶片受力关键截面的位置和应变水平，进而评估叶片结构性能。Use the force sensor 6 to measure the total load of the blade, and then use the distribution beam length ratios L 21 , L 22 , L 23 , L 24 and L 11 , L 12 to calculate the tension acting on each loading hoop 2, and finally calculate the bending of the blade. Moment distribution; similarly, according to the rotation angle of the support hoop 9, the eccentricity e of the loading hoop 2 and the tension, the torsion angle and the torsional moment T can be calculated. The displacement sensor is used to measure the deformation distribution of the blade along the axis under load. Using strain gauges, measure the strain distribution of the blade. According to the load, deformation and strain distribution of the blade, the position and strain level of the key section under stress of the blade are determined, and then the structural performance of the blade is evaluated.
该试验装置和方法亦可适用于单支座的大型H型垂直轴风力发电机复合材料叶片结构静力试验，此时，装置仅有一个支座部件1、两个加载抱箍2和一个分配梁3。The test device and method can also be applied to the static test of the composite blade structure of a large H-type vertical axis wind turbine with a single support. At this time, the device only has one support part 1, two loading hoops 2 and a beam3.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the range.
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