CN104806168A - 一种新型水力结构牙轮钻头 - Google Patents

一种新型水力结构牙轮钻头 Download PDF

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CN104806168A
CN104806168A CN201410040398.1A CN201410040398A CN104806168A CN 104806168 A CN104806168 A CN 104806168A CN 201410040398 A CN201410040398 A CN 201410040398A CN 104806168 A CN104806168 A CN 104806168A
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hydrophthalmia
gear wheel
drilling fluid
oil duct
bit
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CN104806168B (zh
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杨成新
江胜宗
易灿
邱胜兰
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CAVAVILLE ENERGY SERVICES Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/08Roller bits
    • E21B10/18Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型水力结构牙轮钻头,它包括牙爪、牙爪内的主水眼流道、油道、钻井液密封腔、牙轮和牙轮上的水眼流道。其不同之处是改变常规牙轮钻头喷嘴安放位置,喷嘴安装于牙轮上,钻井液经主水眼流道,与牙轮上水眼流道联通,经牙轮上喷嘴喷射出去。本发明可以使牙轮具有更好的清洗和破岩能力,从而有效提高钻头的钻凿破岩性能,并可以延长牙轮钻头的使用寿命,使钻进成本下降。

Description

一种新型水力结构牙轮钻头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在能源钻采方面的新型水力结构牙轮钻头。 
背景技术
牙轮钻头作为一种钻削岩层的工具已被广泛应用,钻头性能的显著改进直接降低钻井成本,使用寿命和钻速两个性能指标,提高钻头的机械钻速和使用寿命是降低钻井成本的有效途径。 
提高牙轮钻头的水力作用效率是提高钻井速度的重要因素,水力作用主要表现在两个方面:辅助破岩和清洗井底,所谓清洗井底,主要指把岩屑冲离井底,保持井底“干净”。射流冲到井底以后能产生两种净化井底作用,其一是射流对岩屑的冲击压力作用,其二是漫流对岩屑的横推作用。当射流碰到井底以后,将此动压力传给井底,形成对井底的冲击压力作用,作用在井底岩屑上的冲击压力是极不均匀的,这就使得岩屑产生一个翻转力矩,从而离开井底。研究表明,要提高射流对井底的净化能力,就要增大射流对井底的冲击压力梯度,增大射流出口压力和降低喷嘴出口直径是增大冲击压力梯度的唯一途径。 
射流冲击井底后,就形成沿着井底横向流动的漫流,具有很高速度的井底漫流,将作用于岩屑一个横向推力或牵引力,从而使岩屑离开井底的原来位置,把岩屑冲离井底,漫流起主要作用,在射流冲击的面积以内,射流冲击中心的漫流速度为零,离开中心,漫流速度逐渐增大,在射流冲击面积的边缘,漫流速度达到最大。在射流冲击面积以外,漫流流速与距冲击中心的距离成反比,即离冲击中心愈远则漫流速度愈小。由此可知,要提高牙轮钻头的钻进效率,就必须提高牙轮钻头喷射的冲击压力梯度和增加射流的漫流作用。 
传统的牙轮钻头水眼在牙轮侧面,喷嘴喷射距离较远,降低了井底冲击压 力梯度,浪费了射流的冲击能量,而且,由于钻头水眼处于外面,而钻头牙齿破碎岩石在水眼里面,水力漫流将破碎的岩石“堆积”在牙轮钻头底面,导致重复破碎,降低了牙轮钻进效率。为了提高牙轮钻头的这一性能,提高机械钻速降低钻井成本,而设计的一种有新型水力结构的,具备有良好清洗与破岩能力的牙轮钻头。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种全新水力结构的三牙轮钻头,其不同之处是改变常规牙轮钻头喷嘴安放位置,喷嘴安装于牙轮上,钻井液经主水眼流道,与牙轮上水眼流道联通,经牙轮上喷嘴喷射出去。这样提高了牙轮钻头的清洗、水力破岩、岩屑返出能力,从而提高机械钻速和降低钻井成本。 
本发明的目的由以下的技术方案来实现:包括主体(1)、水眼流道(2)、油道(3)、牙轮水眼(4)、钻井液密封腔(5)、牙轮(6)组成,其不同之处水眼在牙轮上,水眼流道(2)与牙轮上水眼流道(4)通过一个钻井液密封腔(5)连通。钻井液从钻头主水眼流入,经过水眼流道(2),进入钻井液密封腔(5),从牙轮水眼(4)喷出。 
本发明的优点:由于水眼位于牙轮上,从水眼出来的钻井液直接喷射到井底,增强了水力破岩能力;同时水眼位于牙轮上增强了钻井液对牙轮的清洗作用,让牙轮保持清洁,减少了泥包效果,有助于延长牙轮钻头的使用寿命;水眼位于牙轮上,钻井液从水眼喷出的反作用力可以加强牙轮的自转,增强其破岩的能力,从而提高钻速;同时水眼位于牙轮上,从水眼喷出的钻井液,直接作用到破碎的岩屑上,增大了射流的漫流作用,有助于岩屑的上返。 
附图说明
附图1为本发明一个实施例的主视图图 
附图2为本发明一个实施例的俯视图 
附图3为本发明一个实施例的立体图 
附图4为本发明一个实施例的牙轮钻头主体半剖图 
附图5为本发明一个实施例的牙轮半剖图 
附图6为本发明一个实施例的主体F-F剖视图 
附图7为本发明一个实施例的立体B-B剖面视图 
具体实施方式
本发明通过把水眼(4)开在牙轮(6)上,钻井液从主水眼流道流经水眼流道(2),进入钻井液密封腔(5)从水眼(4)喷出。水眼流道(2)末端通过密封圈将钻井液腔和轴承腔分开,从而将钻井液和润滑脂隔开避免钻井液进入轴承腔。为了平衡轴承腔、钻井液腔及牙轮钻头外部钻井液的压力,通过一个压力补偿装置进行轴承腔的压力补偿,压力补偿装置补偿的压力通过油道(3)内的润滑脂传递到轴承腔,油道(3)与平面(7)成夹角α,油道(3)壁和水眼流道(2)壁最小距离为10mm,保证水眼流道(2)和油道(3)错开,避免钻井液混入润滑脂中,加速牙轮钻头的损坏。 

Claims (5)

1.一种三牙轮钻头水力结构,包括主体(1),主体内的主水眼流道(2),油道(3),牙轮(6),牙轮上的水眼流道(4),其特征在于钻井液从主体内腔经过主水眼流道(2),进入钻井液密封腔(5),通过牙轮水眼(4)喷射出。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的牙轮钻头的结构,其特征在于水眼位于牙轮(6)上,且水眼个数为6个以上。 
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的牙轮结构,主水眼流道(2)和牙轮水眼流道(4)通过一个钻井液密封腔(5)相通。 
4.根据权利要求1、2、3所述的牙轮结构,其特征在油道(3)和水眼中心线所在平面形成α夹角,α的取值范围为-60°<α<60°,油道壁和水眼壁之间的最小距离为10mm,保证油道和水眼相互隔离避免钻井液混入油道影响轴承寿命。 
5.根据权利要求1、2、3所述的牙轮结构,牙轮上的水眼轴线与牙轮轴线形成γ、δ夹角,其余两个牙轮上水眼、油道特征跟轴线处在平面(7)位置的牙轮水眼、油道特征相同,夹角的取值范围是10°<γ<135°、10°<δ<90°。 
CN201410040398.1A 2014-01-26 2014-01-26 一种新型水力结构牙轮钻头 Expired - Fee Related CN104806168B (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108798523A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-13 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种动力牙轮钻头
CN109488211A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-03-19 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 带水力破岩的反井钻机镶齿滚刀
CN113216850A (zh) * 2021-05-27 2021-08-06 河北锐石钻头制造有限公司 一种pdc钻头与旋切钻头形成的复合钻头

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US3144087A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-08-11 Edward B Williams Iii Drill bit with tangential jet
GB1023419A (en) * 1964-11-16 1966-03-23 Shell Int Research Drilling bit
GB1027467A (en) * 1964-06-01 1966-04-27 Edward Bennett Williams Jr Drill bit with tangential jet
US5096005A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-03-17 Camco International Inc. Hydraulic action for rotary drill bits
CN2104286U (zh) * 1991-04-06 1992-05-13 大港石油管理局钻采工艺研究院 三牙轮加长喷嘴钻头
CN2334867Y (zh) * 1998-03-04 1999-08-25 任俊 一种喷嘴齿钻头
US20100089576A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-15 Potter Drilling, Inc. Methods and Apparatus for Thermal Drilling
CN202970480U (zh) * 2012-10-29 2013-06-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 超高压钻井用单牙轮钻头

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3144087A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-08-11 Edward B Williams Iii Drill bit with tangential jet
GB1027467A (en) * 1964-06-01 1966-04-27 Edward Bennett Williams Jr Drill bit with tangential jet
GB1023419A (en) * 1964-11-16 1966-03-23 Shell Int Research Drilling bit
US5096005A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-03-17 Camco International Inc. Hydraulic action for rotary drill bits
CN2104286U (zh) * 1991-04-06 1992-05-13 大港石油管理局钻采工艺研究院 三牙轮加长喷嘴钻头
CN2334867Y (zh) * 1998-03-04 1999-08-25 任俊 一种喷嘴齿钻头
US20100089576A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-15 Potter Drilling, Inc. Methods and Apparatus for Thermal Drilling
CN202970480U (zh) * 2012-10-29 2013-06-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 超高压钻井用单牙轮钻头

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108798523A (zh) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-13 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种动力牙轮钻头
CN108798523B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2024-02-23 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种动力牙轮钻头
CN109488211A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-03-19 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 带水力破岩的反井钻机镶齿滚刀
CN113216850A (zh) * 2021-05-27 2021-08-06 河北锐石钻头制造有限公司 一种pdc钻头与旋切钻头形成的复合钻头

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