CN104805377B - Low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25-0.35 percent of C, 1.5-2.5 percent of Si, 1.5-2.5 percent of Mn, 0.6-0.8 percent of Cr, 1.5-2.5 percent of Ni, 0.5-0.85 percent of Mo, 0.015-0.035 percent of Nb, 0.05-0.075 percent of Al and the balance of Fe. The preparation method comprises the following steps of smelting a mother alloy ingot by adopting a magnetically-controlled non-consumable tungsten electrode vacuum smelting furnace; thermally forging to obtain a cast rod; thermally treating the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel. The alloy disclosed by the invention is relatively low in primary melting temperature; alloy elements are easy to distribute uniformly; the alloy content is low; the strength is high; the compact toughness at low temperature is good; the oxidation resistance is good; the alloy cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-alloy super-strength steel and its technology of preparing, specifically provide a kind of low-alloy, Gao Xing
Energy low-alloy super-strength steel and preparation method, belong to the preparation field of low-alloy super-strength steel.
Background technology
Unimach becomes the preferred material of new high-tech industry with its high intensity and excellent combination property, meanwhile,
Unimach also becomes the focus of Material Field research.Typically by tensile strength sigmab>=1400MPa, yield strength σs≥
The structural steel of 1300MPa is referred to as unimach.With the development of science and techniques of defence, unimach has been widely used in
Outside the aircraft components such as the engine housing of rocket, tub body, undercarriage and fuselage framework, high pressure is also applied to
Some components on container and conventional weapon；In addition, some of superhigh intensity bolt, automobile part, the cable of long span hanging bridge
The aspect such as rope and other mechanism members for the purpose of mitigating weight.Low-alloy super-strength steel is low, hot due to alloying element content
Processing technique is simple, low cost and other advantages, and development among becoming unimach is also a most fast class steel grade earliest.
The 1950's, the U.S. have succeeded in developing AISI4340 steel first, are that the research of low-alloy super-strength steel is taken off
Prelude is opened, but in order to avoid Low-Temperature Temper Brittleness, temper can only have been carried out at low temperature.At present, what is used is high-strength
Degree steel is mostly the modified model steel grade of AISI4130, AISI4140, AISI433O or AISII4340 steel.In order to solve
The Low-Temperature Temper Brittleness of AISI4340 steel, nineteen fifty-two, International nickel Co. Ltd. Inco. Ltd. of the U.S. are on the basis of AISI4340 steel, few by addition
The silicon of amount and micro vanadium, successfully have developed 300M steel, while also improving the anti-delayed fracture of steel.As national defence is to state
The continuous improvement of anti-requirement, the comprehensive combination property for improving steel become the important directions of research.Meanwhile, on the basis of 300M steel
On, by the content for adjusting C and V element, and successfully have developed D6AC steel.
The development experience of China's unimach from scratch, from the process for copying independent research.From 20th century 50
In the age, copy Muscovite steel grade and successfully develop 30CrMnSiNi2A steel and successfully grind to imitated U.S.'s steel grade seventies
Make 40CrNi2MoA (AISI4340), 40Si2Ni2CrMoVA (300M), 45CrNiMo 1VA (D6AC), China's research worker
Rich experience is have accumulated, is 406 steel of independent research, D406A steel and 40CrMnSiMoVA steel (GC-4) containing a small amount of nickel
37Si2MnCrNiMoVA steel, the success of the 35Si2Mn2MoVA steel without chromium nickel provide huge help.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of alloy content is low, intensity is high, the unimach that impact flexibility is good and
Preparation method, for rocket engine shell, undercarriage, fuselage framework, high-pressure bottle and conventional weapon etc. some zero
Part.
The technical solution for realizing the object of the invention is：
A kind of low-alloy super-strength steel, according to mass percent meter, alloying component is as follows：0.25-0.35%C, 1.5-
2.5%Si, 1.5-2.5%Mn, 0.6-0.8%Cr, 0.5-1.5%Ni, 0.5-0.85%Mo, 0.015-0.035%Nb,
0.05-0.075%Al, remaining is ferrum.
Further more preferably scheme is that by mass percentage, alloying component is as follows：0.28-0.346%C, 1.8-
2.2%Si, 1.75-2.25%Mn, 0.65-0.85%Cr, 0.8-1.25%Ni, 0.6-0.85%Mo, 0.02-0.035%Nb,
0.06-0.07%Al, remaining is ferrum.
The method for preparing above-mentioned low-alloy super-strength steel, comprises the steps：
The first step, using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot；
Second step, is forged into casting rod by forge hot：Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging, terminal temperature at 1100 DEG C
850 DEG C, water quenching after forge hot；
3rd step, low-alloy super-strength steel heat treatment：Destressing soft annealing is carried out in the range of 650-750 DEG C, is located
The reason time is 2-6 hours, and the type of cooling is air cooling；Subsequently, higher temperature solid solution is carried out in the range of 890-950 DEG C, the time is
0.5-2 hours, the type of cooling are oil quenching；Finally, it is 2-5 hours to carry out lonneal process time in the range of 180-230 DEG C,
The type of cooling is air cooling.
Wherein, in the first step, smelting electric current be 350-450A, each smelting time be 2-4 minutes, congruent melting refine 3-5 time.
The design principle of the present invention is as follows：
The design concept of the low-alloy super-strength steel of present invention design is to save the consumption of noble metal in steel, is realized as far as possible
The production technology of the low cost of steel, alloy content are less than 10%, realize that the tensile strength of steel reaches 1900MPa, elongation percentage ＞
10%.Alloying element length in steel obtains preferable obdurability by carbon amounts in regulation steel, by the solution strengthening of C element,
A certain amount of ε-carbide can be separated out in drawing process, the intensity of steel is improved, but excessive carbon can be caused fracture toughness to drop
It is low, damage the welding performance of steel.Therefore, in the present invention, C content is addition in 0.25～0.35%. low-alloy super-strength steels
Si, can push the tempering range of the Low-Temperature Temper Brittleness of steel to high temperature, meanwhile, the Si also effects with solution strengthening,
When Si contents are relatively low, solution strengthening effect is weaker, and too high, then the plasticity of steel can be caused to reduce, therefore, in the present invention, Si's
Content is designed as 1.5-2.5%.Mn is identical with the effect of Ni, is conducive to the reservation of retained austenite, improves the toughness of steel.Cause
This, can replace noble element Ni, the content of Mn to be designed as 1.5-2.5% using part Mn.Meanwhile, the element such as Ni and Cr, Mo
The quenching degree of steel can also be improved, therefore, on the premise of cost-effective, the content of Ni is designed as 0.5-1.5%, and Cr contents set
0.6-0.8% is calculated as, Mo constituent contents can improve the quenching degree of steel in the range of 0.5-0.85%, prevents sending out for temper brittleness
It is raw, meanwhile, Mo can also reduce the activity of C, hinder carbide aggregation, it is ensured that the intensity of steel, a small amount of Nb can refine the crystalline substance of steel
Grain, it is ensured that the intensity and toughness plasticity of steel.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is the present invention：(1) alloy content is low, and noble element content is few, cost compared with
It is low.(2) intensity of steel of the present invention is high, and toughness and plasticity are good, and oxidation resistance is good.(3) smelting equipment of the invention is simple, melting
When, electric current is relatively low, and elder sister can be uniform with melting in the short period of time for molten steel.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is low-alloy super-strength steel preparation flow figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the quenching state tissue signature figure of 1 low-alloy super-strength steel of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the tempering state tissue signature figure of 1 low-alloy super-strength steel of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
1 couple of present invention does further detailed description below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Such as Fig. 1, the low-alloy super-strength steel preparation flow of the present invention are as follows：
(1) design of alloy
The invention discloses a kind of low-alloy super-strength steel with and preparation method thereof.Affiliated alloy is according to mass percent
It is expressed as：0.25-0.35%C, 1.5-2.5%Si, 1.5-2.5%Mn, 0.6-0.8%Cr, 0.5-1.5%Ni, 0.5-
0.85%Mo, 0.015-0.035%Nb, 0.05-0.075%Al, remaining is ferrum.
The more excellent composition of effect is as follows：0.28-0.346%C, 1.8-2.2%Si, 1.75-2.25%Mn, 0.65-
0.85%Cr, 0.8-1.25%Ni, 0.6-0.85%Mo, 0.02-0.035%Nb, 0.06-0.07%Al, remaining is ferrum.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 350-450A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
The master alloy ingot for preparing is heated to start forging, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, water quenching after forge hot at 1100 DEG C.
(4) low-alloy super-strength steel heat treatment
The heat treatment process of low-alloy super-strength steel：650-750 DEG C/2-6h/+890-950 DEG C/0.5-2h/ of air cooling are oily
Quench+180-230 DEG C/2-5h/ air coolings.
Embodiment 1
(1) design of alloy
Low-alloy super-strength steel of the present invention, by mass percentage, alloying component is following (%)：0.32C、1.8Si、
1.85Mn, 0.7Cr, 1.1Ni, 0.79Mo, 0.065Al, 0.027Nb, 0.007S, 0.001P, Fe surplus.Design alloying component has
Following features：Alloy total content 6.652%, alloy content is low, and S, P content are low, noble element Ni contents are low.Refractory element Mo,
Nb contents are 0.817%.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 400A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
To be heated at 1100 DEG C, start forging by master alloy ingot, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, forge hot is into a diameter of 14mm's
Water quenching after cylinder.
(4) heat treatment of low-alloy super-strength steel
Heat treatment is carried out using following technique：680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings.
Fig. 2 is micro- group of the quenching state of the low-alloy super-strength steel prepared according to mentioned component proportioning and preparation method
Knit, Fig. 3 is the tempering microscopic structure after lonneal.Microscopic structure after quenching and tempering is lath martensite and needle-like bayesian
Body and the heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.The pattern of lath martensite is high-visible, is presented 60 ° between lath and lath
Angle.
, through test, calculating, performance is as follows for alloy of the present invention：
(1) alloy content of the invention is suitable with the alloy content of other low-alloy super-strength steels, does not surpass containing golden total amount
Cross 10%, it is with low cost.
(2) this low-alloy super-strength steel after austenitizing, obtain lath martensite and acicular bainite and
The heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.
(3) the quenching state Rockwell hardness (HRB) of this low-alloy super-strength steel is 55, and tempering state Rockwell hardness (HRB) is
53.4.
(4) after 680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings, tensile strength reaches the present invention
1890MPa, elongation percentage 12.5%, the contraction percentage of area are 62%.
Embodiment 2
(1) design of alloy
Low-alloy super-strength steel of the present invention, by mass percentage, alloying component is following (%)：0.346C、1.98Si、
1.75Mn, 0.85Cr, 1.0Ni, 0.8Mo, 0.065Al, 0.031Nb, 0.007S, 0.001P, Fe surplus.Design alloying component has
Following features：Alloy total content 6.822%, alloy content is low, and S, P content are low, noble element Ni contents are low.Refractory element Mo,
Nb contents are 0.831%.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 400A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, cylinder of the forge hot into a diameter of 14mm at 1100 DEG C
Water quenching afterwards.
(4) heat treatment of low-alloy super-strength steel
Heat treatment is carried out using following technique：680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+920 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+210 DEG C/2h/ air coolings.
, through test, calculating, performance is as follows for alloy of the present invention：
(1) alloy content of the invention is suitable with the alloy content of other low-alloy super-strength steels, does not surpass containing golden total amount
Cross 10%, it is with low cost.
(2) this low-alloy super-strength steel after austenitizing, obtain lath martensite and acicular bainite and
The heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.
(3) the quenching state Rockwell hardness (HRB) of this low-alloy super-strength steel is 57, and tempering state Rockwell hardness (HRB) is
55.2.
(4) after 680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings, tensile strength reaches the present invention
1900MPa, elongation percentage 11%, the contraction percentage of area are 60%.
Embodiment 3
(1) design of alloy
Low-alloy super-strength steel of the present invention, by mass percentage, alloying component is following (%)：0.3C、2.0Si、
1.9Mn, 0.7Cr, 1.0Ni, 0.85Mo, 0.07Al, 0.031Nb, 0.007S, 0.001P, Fe surplus.Design alloying component just like
Lower feature：Alloy total content 6.851%, alloy content is low, and S, P content are low, noble element Ni contents are low.Refractory element Mo, Nb
Content is 0.881%.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 400A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, cylinder of the forge hot into a diameter of 14mm at 1100 DEG C
Water quenching afterwards.
(4) heat treatment of low-alloy super-strength steel
Heat treatment is carried out using following technique：680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+950 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+190 DEG C/2h/ air coolings.
, through test, calculating, performance is as follows for alloy of the present invention：
(1) alloy content of the invention is suitable with the alloy content of other low-alloy super-strength steels, does not surpass containing golden total amount
Cross 10%, it is with low cost.
(2) this low-alloy super-strength steel after austenitizing, obtain lath martensite and acicular bainite and
The heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.
(3) the quenching state Rockwell hardness (HRB) of this low-alloy super-strength steel is 54.5, tempering state Rockwell hardness (HRB)
For 53.
(4) after 680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings, tensile strength reaches the present invention
1880MPa, elongation percentage 11.5%, the contraction percentage of area are 61%.
Embodiment 4
(1) low-alloy super-strength steel of the present invention, by mass percentage, alloying component is following (%)：0.28C、
1.9Si, 2.0Mn, 0.75Cr, 1.25Ni, 0.6Mo, 0.065Al, 0.035Nb, 0.007S, 0.001P, Fe surplus.Design alloy
Composition has following features：Alloy total content 6.88%, alloy content is low, and S, P content are low, noble element Ni contents are low.Indissoluble unit
Plain Mo, Nb content is 0.635%.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 400A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, cylinder of the forge hot into a diameter of 14mm at 1100 DEG C
Water quenching afterwards.
(4) heat treatment of low-alloy super-strength steel
Heat treatment is carried out using following technique：680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+950 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+190 DEG C/2h/ air coolings.
, through test, calculating, performance is as follows for alloy of the present invention：
(1) alloy content of the invention is suitable with the alloy content of other low-alloy super-strength steels, does not surpass containing golden total amount
Cross 10%, it is with low cost.
(2) this low-alloy super-strength steel after austenitizing, obtain lath martensite and acicular bainite and
The heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.
(3) the quenching state Rockwell hardness (HRB) of this low-alloy super-strength steel is 54.2, tempering state Rockwell hardness (HRB)
For 53.
(4) after 680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings, tensile strength reaches the present invention
1885MPa, elongation percentage 11.5%, the contraction percentage of area are 61%.
Embodiment 5
(1) low-alloy super-strength steel of the present invention, by mass percentage, alloying component is following (%)：0.28C、
2.2Si, 2.25Mn, 0.65Cr, 0.8Ni, 0.75Mo, 0.06Al, 0.02Nb, 0.007S, 0.001P, Fe surplus.Design alloy
Composition has following features：Alloy total content 7.01%, alloy content is low, and S, P content are low, noble element Ni contents are low.Indissoluble unit
Plain Mo, Nb content is 0.77%.
(2) foundry alloy melting
According to the mass percent between the different-alloy element obtained by (1) composition design, prepared using ferroalloy
Required alloy.In the case where Ar atmosphere is enclosed, using using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot, electricity is smelted
Flow for 400A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
(3) forge hot
Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging, 850 DEG C of terminal temperature, cylinder of the forge hot into a diameter of 14mm at 1100 DEG C
Water quenching afterwards.
(4) heat treatment of low-alloy super-strength steel
Heat treatment is carried out using following technique：680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+950 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+190 DEG C/2h/ air coolings.
, through test, calculating, performance is as follows for alloy of the present invention：
(1) alloy content of the invention is suitable with the alloy content of other low-alloy super-strength steels, does not surpass containing golden total amount
Cross 10%, it is with low cost.
(2) this low-alloy super-strength steel after austenitizing, obtain lath martensite and acicular bainite and
The heterogeneous structure of a small amount of retained austenite.
(3) the quenching state Rockwell hardness (HRB) of this low-alloy super-strength steel is 55.4, tempering state Rockwell hardness (HRB)
For 53.8.
(4) after 680 DEG C/4h/ air coolings+890 DEG C/2h/ oil quenchings+200 DEG C/2h/ air coolings, tensile strength reaches the present invention
1895MPa, elongation percentage 12%, the contraction percentage of area are 60%.
In sum, in this patent chemical composition ranges, the tensile strength >=1880Mpa of alloy, elongation percentage >=11%,
The contraction percentage of area >=60%.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of preparation method of low-alloy super-strength steel, according to mass percent meter, alloying component is as follows：0.25-
0.35%C, 1.5-2.5%Si, 1.5-2.5%Mn, 0.6-0.8%Cr, 0.5-1.5%Ni, 0.5-0.85%Mo, 0.015-
0.035%Nb, 0.05-0.075%Al, remaining is ferrum, it is characterised in that comprised the steps：
The first step, using magnetic control tungsten electrode non-consumable vacuum melting furnace smelting nut alloy ingot；
Second step, is forged into casting rod by forge hot：Master alloy ingot is heated to start forging at 1100 DEG C, 850 DEG C of final forging temperature,
Water quenching after forge hot；
3rd step, low-alloy super-strength steel heat treatment：Destressing soft annealing is carried out in the range of 650-750 DEG C, during process
Between be 2-6 hours, the type of cooling is air cooling；Subsequently, higher temperature solid solution is carried out in the range of 890-950 DEG C, the time is 0.5-2
Hour, the type of cooling is oil quenching；Finally, lonneal process time is carried out in the range of 180-230 DEG C for 2-5 hours, cooling
Mode is air cooling.
2. the preparation method of low-alloy super-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the first step, smelts electricity
Flow for 350-450A, each smelting time is 2-4 minutes, congruent melting is refined 3-5 time.
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| CN112048678B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-07-13 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Annealing softening method of low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel |
| CN113897560B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-09-16 | 宁波祥路中天新材料科技股份有限公司 | Profiled bar steel with tensile strength of more than or equal to 1600MPa and production method thereof |
| CN114686745B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-11-01 | 中南大学 | Powder metallurgy modified low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof |
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