CN104797676A - Dust scatter preventing agent and dust scatter preventing method using same - Google Patents
Dust scatter preventing agent and dust scatter preventing method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104797676A CN104797676A CN201380060094.5A CN201380060094A CN104797676A CN 104797676 A CN104797676 A CN 104797676A CN 201380060094 A CN201380060094 A CN 201380060094A CN 104797676 A CN104797676 A CN 104797676A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09D129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
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Abstract
To provide a dust scatter preventing agent capable of preventing scattering of dust for a long period of time, by enhancing the strength of a coating layer formed on a surface of a tailing at a tailing accumulation site. A dust scatter preventing agent is applied to a surface of an object which includes microparticles having a particle diameter of no more than 100 mum, and the agent is solidified to form a coating layer on the surface of the object, the dust scatter preventing agent containing a hydrophilic polymer which naturally solidifies, such as polyvinyl alcohol or a synthetic resin emulsion, the water contact angle after solidification thereof being 45 degree-78 degree, and a hardly soluble fiber material such as vinylon, the cut length thereof ranging from 0.5 mm to 30 mm and the fineness thereof ranging from 0.1 dtex to 20 dtex, the dust scatter preventing agent including an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion, and the content of the hardly soluble fiber material with respect to the hydrophilic polymer being 0.1-1 by mass ratio.
Description
Technical field
The dust that the present invention relates to for preventing dust from dispersing disperses preventing agent and use the disperse dust of preventing agent of this dust to disperse prevention method.
Background technology
In mine, mainly physical separation is carried out to the ore obtained of digging up mine, divide and elect useful ore and the mine tailing as remaining low grade ore as.These mine tailings are discarded in around mine usually, and its amount is very many.Such as, if digging 100,000 tons of ores, then the copper component wherein contained is about 500 tons, and remaining 90,000 9500 tons go out of use as mine tailing.On the other hand, mostly containing objectionable impuritiess such as heavy metals in mine tailing, when it is discharged to the outside, the hidden danger causing serious environmental problem is had.Therefore, the place (hereinafter referred to as " mine tailing stack up yard ") preparing for the treatment of and manage a large amount of mine tailing is born in mine, and carries out the obligation of correct process according to predetermined management plan.
In this mine tailing stack up yard, take the objectionable impurities that various measure makes to contain in mine tailing and can not flow to outside.On the other hand, in mine tailing, also there is the material being become micronised state by trickle pulverizing, become dust when high wind and disperse, in this case, serious infringement may be caused to surrounding environment.
In order to prevent dust from dispersing, be typically employed in the method for the Liniment that mine tailing surface distribution is made up of resin etc.But Liniment in the past uses water-based emulsion, therefore, after distribution, Liniment solidifies, and when raining during being formed before tectum, there is Liniment and flows out and the problem that cannot play its function.
For such problem, a kind of Liniment is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 61-236867 publication, described Liniment is formed by having the macromolecular compound of imide bond or aq. polyethyleneimine and water-soluble dialdehyde, and has the character of gelation immediately after distribution.If such Liniment, though after distribution Liniment solidification before during rain, also can prevent the outflow of Liniment, thus coating layer can be formed effectively.But the coating layer formed by this Liniment exists that intensity is lower, problem to the water-repellancy deficiency of rainwater etc.
In Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 62-39668 publication, disclose a kind of Liniment, described Liniment comprises the emulsion with ionic structures unit and with the resin emulsion with this ionic contrary ionic emulsifier.In addition, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 62-39669 publication, disclose a kind of Liniment, this Liniment comprises the emulsion of the resin with cation group and has the emulsion of resin of anionic group.The tectum formed after the solidification of these Liniments demonstrates water-insoluble, and intensity and water-repellancy excellence.But these Liniments are difficult to keep tectum for a long time.And pile up some layers at objects such as mine tailings, when becoming the state on so-called " slag mountain ", the tectum formed by these Liniments can not be fixed the object be deposited on this tectum.Therefore, when slag mountain is subject to some External Force Acting, exists with tectum with the boundary of piling up object thereon for starting point generating layer is separated, thus cause the problem that slag landslide is collapsed.
Be directed to this, in Japanese Patent No. 4436991 publication, disclose following technology: further containing fibrous matters such as cellulosic fibre, natural fiber, inorganic fibres in the Liniment containing specific synthetic resins adhesion type joint compound, gypsum or clay and water.It is insoluble that the tectum formed according to this technology not only demonstrates water, through also continuing the preventing effectiveness that disperses of dust etc. for a long time, and possesses excellent intensity due to the effect of fibrous matter.
In addition, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 7-125817 publication, describe a kind of Liniment, described Liniment disperses polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibrid that swelling capacity is 20% ~ 150%, fiber number is 0.5 DENIER (Denier) ~ 5 DENIER, staple length is 1mm ~ 10mm in the aqueous solution or aqueous liquid dispersion of the organic polymers such as vinyl acetate esters polymer, olefin polymer, Synolac, epoxy resin.The tectal intensity formed by this Liniment is high, and possesses excellent water-repellancy and water tolerance.
But, Japanese Patent No. 4436991 publication and the Liniment described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 7-125817 publication are object with the storage house of the objectionable impurities of waste terminal treatment plant etc., outdoor stores, and do not consider the situation of the object that mine tailing stack up yard is such and the mutual lamination of coating layer some layers.Therefore, for the Liniment described in these documents, namely allow to the excellent strength of tectum itself, also cannot solve the problem that above-mentioned slag landslide is collapsed.
Prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 61-236867 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 62-39668 publication
Patent documentation 3: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 62-39669 publication
Patent documentation 4: Japanese Patent No. 4436991 publication
Patent documentation 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 7-125817 publication
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
A kind of dust is the object of the present invention is to provide to disperse preventing agent, described dust preventing agent of dispersing prevents dispersing of dust for a long time by improving the tectal intensity that is formed in the mine tailing surface of mine tailing stack up yard, and the layer of the accumulation horizon that simultaneously this tectum can be prevented to form with by the mine tailing etc. piled up thereon is separated.
Solve the method for problem
Dust of the present invention preventing agent of dispersing comprises hydrophilic polymer and containing the aqueous solution of insoluble fibrous matter or aqueous liquid dispersion, described hydrophilic polymer has the character of solidification and the water contact angle after solidification is 45 ° ~ 78 °, the cutting length of described insoluble fibrous matter in the scope of 0.5mm ~ 30mm and fiber number in the scope of 0.1dtex (dtex) ~ 20dtex.
The swelling capacity of above-mentioned insoluble fibrous matter is more than 150% and be less than 300%.
Above-mentioned insoluble fibrous matter is preferably 0.1 ~ 1 by quality ratio relative to the content of above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer.
Above-mentioned insoluble fibrous matter is preferably selected from least a kind in vinylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl butyral acetal (PVB).
On the other hand, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion can be used as above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer.In addition, above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer also can use the fibrous polymer made using this polymkeric substance as raw material, that is, can use the polymkeric substance of polymer fiber form.Particularly preferably the polymerization degree in 1000 ~ 5000 scopes and saponification deg at the PVA of 95 % by mole ~ 100 % by mole of scopes.
Above-mentioned dust preventing agent of dispersing makes nonwoven cloth-like preferably by solidification.
The disperse feature of prevention method of dust of the present invention is: use dust of the present invention to disperse preventing agent, preventing agent of being dispersed by this dust is dispersed in the object surface of the particulate comprising particle diameter less than 100 μm, and makes it solidify and form tectum on this object surface.
Dust of the present invention preventing agent of dispersing not only can use when object drying, also can use when this object contains moisture and is formed as gel-form composition.The present invention is particularly preferably applicable to the situation that above-mentioned object is mine tailing.
Preventing agent of preferably above-mentioned dust being dispersed with relative to object surface-area for 0.5L/m
2~ 8L/m
2ratio scatter.
The effect of invention
The dust of the application of the invention disperses preventing agent, particularly can improve the tectal intensity being formed in mine tailing surface of mine tailing stack up yard, therefore, it is possible to prevent dispersing of dust for a long time.In addition, dust of the present invention is used to disperse preventing agent and the tectum that is formed in mine tailing surface dissolves gradually owing to piling up moisture contained in mine tailing thereon, can become be integrated with the accumulation horizon that tectum is newly formed, tectum therefore can be prevented to be separated with the layer of accumulation horizon.Like this, dust according to the present invention disperses preventing agent and use its dust to disperse prevention method, effectively can prevent the various environmental problems produced by the accumulation of mine tailing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 illustrates to catch the SEM image (50 times) of the state of the particulates such as dust by disperse tectum that preventing agent formed of dust of the present invention.
[Fig. 2] Fig. 2 illustrates to catch the SEM image (50 times) of the state of the particulates such as dust by disperse tectum that preventing agent formed of dust in the past.
[Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is the photo that the sample state after stirring in the dissolubility test again of embodiment 1 is shown.
[Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is the photo that the sample state after stirring in the dissolubility test again of comparative example 4 is shown.
[Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is the photo that the sample state after stirring in the dissolubility test again of comparative example 5 is shown.
Embodiment
What to dust, the present inventor etc. dispersed that preventing agent conducts in-depth research in view of the above problems found that, by be used in comprise the hydrophilic polymer with curing properties the aqueous solution or aqueous liquid dispersion in dust containing given insoluble fibrous matter to disperse preventing agent, firmly tectum can be formed being piled up in the mine tailing surface in mine tailing stack up yard.Also find in addition, moisture demonstrated to the solvability again of appropriateness by disperse tectum that preventing agent formed of this dust, therefore can new accumulation horizon be made to become to be integrated across tectum with the accumulation horizon immediately below it by tectum and form accumulation horizon, thus effectively can prevent the separation of these layers.The present invention is based on these find and complete.
Below, the present invention is described in detail.It should be noted that, the present invention is substantially premised on the mine tailing stack up yard in mine uses, but the particulate such as outdoor stores, waste terminal treatment plant that also can be applicable to factory etc. disperses and becomes the situation of problem.
1. dust disperses preventing agent
The disperse feature of preventing agent of dust of the present invention is, its aqueous solution or aqueous liquid dispersion of comprising hydrophilic polymer and containing insoluble fibrous matter, described hydrophilic polymer has the character of solidification and contact angle is 45 ° ~ 78 °, the cutting length of described insoluble fibrous matter in the scope of 0.5mm ~ 30mm and fiber number in the scope of 0.1dtex (dtex) ~ 20dtex.
(1) dust disperses the composition of preventing agent
(hydrophilic polymer)
As the hydrophilic polymer that can use in dust of the present invention disperses preventing agent, there is when needing to be used in dry after dissolving in the aqueous mediums such as water the character of solidification, and demonstrate hydrophilic material after hardening, specifically, need the water contact angle after using solidification at the polymkeric substance of 45 ° ~ 78 ° of scopes.By using such hydrophilic polymer, when the tectum formed by polymer cure is piled up new object, moisture contained by this object makes hydrophilic polymer surface dissolve at least partially, thus, new accumulation horizon becomes to be integrated across tectum with the accumulation horizon immediately below it and forms accumulation horizon.Thereby, it is possible to prevent new accumulation horizon and the accumulation horizon immediately below it from being that starting point genetic horizon is separated with tectum, the outflow of the mine tailing piled up can be prevented.
Water contact angle after hydrophilic polymer solidification is necessary for 45 ° ~ 78 °, is preferably 57 ° ~ 78 °, is more preferably 60 ° ~ 67 °.When contact angle is less than 45 °, the tectal weather resistance step-down obtained, can not keep dust to disperse preventing effectiveness for a long time.On the other hand, when contact angle is more than 78 °, significantly reduce with the cementability of insoluble fibrous matter, enough dust cannot be obtained and to disperse preventing effectiveness.It should be noted that, in the present invention, contact angle refers to the wetting difficulty of the cover surface after solidification, can be measured by contact angle measurement.
As such hydrophilic polymer, the emulsion of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), synthetic resins can be listed.
When using PVA as hydrophilic polymer, as long as contact angle is just not particularly limited in above-mentioned scope.Can enumerate such as: saponification can be carried out and the PVA obtained or by the modified PVA of these PVA modifications by the multipolymer etc. that formed of the monomer of copolymerization by the homopolymer obtained by one kind or two or more fatty acid vinyl polyisocyanate polyaddition or multipolymer or with other.In above-mentioned PVA, as can other monomer of copolymerization, can enumerate such as: the olefines such as ethene, propylene; The polymerizability monocarboxylic acid classes such as vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, β-crotonic acid; The polymerizability such as toxilic acid, methylene-succinic acid omega-dicarboxylic acids; The polymerizability dicarboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride; Polymerizability monocarboxylic acid class, the ester class of polymerizability omega-dicarboxylic acids, salt; The polymerizable amide such as acrylamide, Methacrylamide class; The esters of acrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate; The methyl acrylic ester such as methyl methacrylate, β-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate; Allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate etc. have the monomer of glycidyl; Alkyl vinyl ethers etc.
Wherein, the saponification deg of PVA preferably the scope of 95 % by mole ~ 100 % by mole, more preferably the scope of 97 % by mole ~ 100 % by mole.When this saponification deg is less than 95 % by mole, the wetting ability step-down of PVA, the solvability therefore existed for the formation of fluid composition reduces, and can not obtain the situation of good tunicle.
In addition, the polymerization degree (number-average molecular weight according to GPC method draws) of PVA preferably 1000 ~ 5000 scope, more preferably 1000 ~ 3000 scope.When the polymerization degree of PVA is less than 1000, the tectal intensity obtained is less, and its water tolerance is also poor.On the other hand, when this polymerization degree is more than 5000, dust preventing agent of dispersing becomes high viscosity liquid, and the operability therefore existed when scattering granular stores produces situation about hindering.
On the other hand, when using the emulsion of synthetic resins as hydrophilic polymer, similarly, as long as contact angle is just not particularly limited in above-mentioned scope, but from the viewpoint of the cementability with insoluble fibrous matter, preferably use ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion.
In addition, as hydrophilic polymer, the polymkeric substance (hereinafter referred to as " polymer fiber ") of the fiber shape made for raw material with above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer also can be used.Such polymer fiber dissolves easily in water, the special dissolver that dissolving tank can not be used such and make uniform aqueous solutions of polymers.
It should be noted that, when taking PVA as raw material making polymer fiber, preferably by making its quenching and gelation after being extruded from nozzle by spinning solution in a solvent immediately, and the spinning processes (spinning of solvent wet method cooling gel) carrying out desolventizing after forming rock steady structure forms polymer fiber.The polymer fiber made by such method is different from the vinylon obtained by common dry-spinning or wet-spinning, also demonstrates solvability to normal-temperature water.
As long as dust of the present invention disperses, in preventing agent, the content of hydrophilic polymer forms the necessary amount of tectum on accumulation horizon surface, for aqueous solvent, be preferably the scope of 0.1 quality % ~ 10 quality %, be more preferably the scope of 0.5 quality % ~ 5 quality %.When the content of hydrophilic polymer is less than 0.1 quality %, the tectum with desired characteristic cannot be formed.On the other hand, during more than 10 quality %, viscosity raises, and therefore, the disperse distribution of preventing agent of the dust obtained becomes difficulty.
(insoluble fibrous matter)
As insoluble fibrous matter, cutting length needs the scope at 0.5mm ~ 30mm, and fiber number needs the scope at 0.1dtex ~ 20dtex.By making such insoluble fibrous matter dispersed, significantly can improve and being dispersed the tectal intensity that preventing agent is solidified to form by dust.In addition, this insoluble fibrous matter and hydrophilic polymer cover object with nonwoven cloth-like, even the fine particle such as dust also can be caught.Particularly, by using the insoluble fibrous matter with cutting length that the present invention specifies and fiber number, the particulate of particle diameter less than 100 μm can be caught, thus can effectively prevent dispersing of dust.It should be noted that, in the present invention, swelling capacity can be used to be that the macromolecular fibre material of less than 300% is as insoluble fibrous matter.This is because, when the swelling capacity of macromolecular fibre material is more than 300%, the tectum with expectation strength can cannot be formed because fibre strength reduces.Here, swelling capacity (γ) refers to the numerical value obtained as follows: the fibrous matter taking specified rate, be cut to staple length 3mm, flood in the water of normal temperature (30 DEG C) after 30 minutes, with separating centrifuge centrifuge dehydration 10 minutes under revolution 3000rpm, measure the quality (W of now fibrous matter
1); Re-use hot air dryer at 105 DEG C by dry 4 hours of this fibrous matter, measure the quality (W of now fibrous matter
0); Pass through mathematical expression: γ (%)=(W
1-W
0)/W
0× 100 try to achieve.
The cutting length of insoluble fibrous matter is necessary for 0.5mm ~ 30mm, is preferably 1mm ~ 20mm, is more preferably the scope of 2mm ~ 15mm.When cutting length is less than 0.5mm, the fiber of interpolation is too fine, therefore not only cannot improve tectal intensity, and can not prevent dispersing of the particle of less than 100 μm.On the other hand, when cutting length is more than 30 μm, be difficult to make insoluble fibrous matter dispersed.
In addition, the fiber number (filament denier) of insoluble fibrous matter must at 0.1dtex ~ 20dtex, preferably at 0.5dtex ~ 5dtex, more preferably in the scope of 1dtex ~ 5dtex.When fiber number is less than 0.1dtex, be difficult to make insoluble fibrous matter dispersed.On the other hand, when fiber number is more than 20dtex, the fiber contained by per unit amount reduces, and not only can not improve tectal intensity, and cannot prevent dispersing of the particle of less than 100 μm.
It should be noted that, as mentioned above, the swelling capacity of insoluble fibrous matter is necessary for less than 300%, preferably more than 150% and less than 300%, more preferably more than 150% and less than 250%, and more preferably more than 160% and less than 200%.When swelling capacity is within the scope of this, insoluble fibrous matter disperses equably, higher with the bonding strength of hydrophilic polymer.When swelling capacity is less than 150%, exist insoluble fibrous matter cannot dispersed, can not be formed and to have with hydrophilic polymer the dust of enough bonding strengths to disperse the situation of preventing agent.
As insoluble fibrous matter, as long as meet above-mentioned condition, just can be not particularly limited to use, but from the viewpoint of raising tectum intensity, at least a kind that is selected from vinylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl butyral acetal (PVB) etc. can be used.Wherein, when being used as the vinylon of PVA fibrid, the solvent temperature be used in water is preferably more than 50 DEG C, be more preferably more than 55 DEG C, the more preferably vinylon of more than 60 DEG C.When solvent temperature in water is lower than 50 DEG C, exists and dissolve when mixing with hydrophilic polymer and fiber shape cannot be kept, thus make the situation that obtained tectal intensity reduces.In addition, rainwater etc. cause fibrous matter to dissolve, and are not only difficult to keep tectal intensity for a long time, and dissolve when hydrophilic polymer dissolves again simultaneously, there is the situation that cannot obtain the effect preventing tectum to be separated with the layer of accumulation horizon.On the other hand, the upper limit of solvent temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 75 DEG C, is more preferably less than 70 DEG C.This is due to the insoluble fibrous matter of solvent temperature more than 75 DEG C and the cementability deficiency of hydrophilic polymer, therefore there is the situation that tectal intensity reduces.It should be noted that, in the present invention, the solvent temperature of insoluble fibrous matter refers to following temperature: to be added by 2.6g sample in the steel basin that 400mL water is housed and to adjust water temperature, use whipping appts (AS ONE company manufactures simultaneously, Tornado Standard SM-103) stir with revolution 280rpm, temperature when insoluble fibrous matter dissolves completely.
In the mass ratio relative to hydrophilic polymer, the content of insoluble fibrous matter is preferably 0.1 ~ 1, is more preferably 0.1 ~ 0.7, and more preferably 0.1 ~ 0.5.When mass ratio is less than 0.1, tectal intensity can not be improved fully.On the other hand, when mass ratio is more than 1, the mesh number formed by insoluble fibrous matter is too much, and polymkeric substance is not enough to the fill-up of mesh.Its result, the waterproof effect not only as tectum entirety declines, and produces the problem of cost increase due to a large amount of use of insoluble fibrous matter.
(other)
Dust of the present invention disperses preventing agent except hydrophilic polymer and insoluble fibrous matter, can also add various additive according to its object, purposes.Specifically, in order to carry out painted to tectum, can pigment be added, in order to improve tectal flame retardant resistance, can fire retardant be added.In addition, in order to adjust tectal thickness or in order to make tectal intensity higher, can also viscosity modifier be added.In addition, in order to adjust pH or in order to the objectionable impurities such as Adsorption of Heavy Metals and radioactive substance, particulate zeolite or rhombspar etc. can also be added.
By adding these additives, easily can carry out suitable distribution, after rainfall, also can prevent this dust preventing agent of dispersing from flowing out easily, can expect that it can keep dust to disperse the such effect of preventing effectiveness for a long time, and expect that it more effectively prevents or alleviates the effect of harmful substances contained by object to environmental influence.
In the mass ratio relative to hydrophilic polymer, the content of such additive is preferably less than 0.2, is more preferably less than 0.1.When the mass ratio of such additive is more than 0.2, be difficult to make the content of other constituent to remain on suitable scope.
It should be noted that, the aqueous medium of preventing agent of dispersing as formation dust of the present invention, as long as can dispersed hydrophilic polymkeric substance, insoluble fibrous matter or the additive that adds wherein equably, just be not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easiness and the cost of operation, preferably use water.
(2) dust disperses the manufacture method of preventing agent
As long as dust of the present invention disperses, preventing agent has above-mentioned composition, is not particularly limited its manufacture method, such as, can manufacture by the following method.
First, hydrophilic polymer is dissolved in and heats in the water of 20 DEG C, make its concentration be 0.1 quality % ~ 10 quality %, make aqueous solutions of polymers.It should be noted that, when using the polymkeric substance of the form beyond polymer fiber as hydrophilic polymer, preferably using dissolving tank etc. to dissolve heating to stir to the water of 60 DEG C ~ 98 DEG C.
Then, in obtained aqueous solutions of polymers, add insoluble fibrous matter with the ratio counting 0.1 ~ 1 relative to the mass ratio of polymkeric substance, carry out mixing and insoluble fibrous matter is dispersed in aqueous solutions of polymers.It should be noted that, when adding above-mentioned additive, can while interpolation insoluble fibrous matter, add this additive and mix, and make its mass ratio relative to polymkeric substance be less than 0.2.Blending means is now not particularly limited, and can use known method.Such as, the devices such as shaker mixer (shaker mixer), Luo Dige mixing machine (Loedige mixer), Zhu Liya mixing machine (Julia mixer) can be used.
(3) dust disperses the characteristic of preventing agent
Dust of the present invention preventing agent of dispersing employs hydrophilic polymer, described hydrophilic polymer has the character that PVA, synthetic resin emulsion etc. as resinous principle are solidified, and the water contact angle after solidification is 45 ° ~ 78 °, therefore, dispersing compared with preventing agent with using the dust in the past of the synthetic resins such as polyvinyl acetate, copolymer in cinnamic acrylic ester, also can obtain higher dust to disperse preventing effectiveness even if the usage quantity of resinous principle is less.
In addition, fine insoluble fibrous matter is evenly dispersed in dust of the present invention and disperses in preventing agent, and therefore, the tectum be solidified to form by it is the tectum that insoluble fibrous matter disperses equably.Therefore, disperse compared with preventing agent by disperse tectum that preventing agent formed and the dust of not fibrous substance in the past of dust of the present invention, can significantly improve its intensity.
Particularly for the present invention, as insoluble fibrous matter, use cutting length 0.5mm ~ 30mm, fiber number in the scope of 0.1dtex ~ 20dtex and swelling capacity more than 150% and be less than 300% insoluble fibrous matter.Therefore, dust according to the present invention disperses preventing agent, and tectum is formed as nonwoven cloth-like, can also catch the particulate (with reference to Fig. 1) of less than 100 μm contained by object.On the other hand, even if for not dispersing preventing agent or also do not disperse for preventing agent at the dust of above-mentioned scope containing its cutting length of insoluble fibrous matter, fiber number and swelling capacity containing the dust of insoluble fibrous matter, tectum can not be formed as nonwoven cloth-like, in order to obtain same effect, need to add more polymkeric substance, fibrous matter (with reference to Fig. 2).
In addition, moisture demonstrated to the solvability again of appropriateness by disperse tectum that preventing agent formed of dust of the present invention.Therefore, when cover surface has piled up the objects such as mine tailing further, a tectal part has been dissolved because of the moisture contained by this object, and the new accumulation horizon piled up becomes to be integrated across tectum with the accumulation horizon immediately below it and forms accumulation horizon.Its result, even when the objects such as mine tailing are piled up some layers and form the state on so-called " slag mountain ", also can suppress the avalanche on this slag mountain.
In addition, by the dust of the present invention tectum that preventing agent formed that disperses, there is excellent water-absorbent and water-repellancy.Specifically, the absorption speed that the method specified by water absorption test method (JIS1907 2004) is measured preferably is less than 60 seconds, is more preferably less than 30 seconds, is preferably less than 15 seconds further.In addition, by becoming coefficient of permeability that water level water permeabillity test method (JIS A1218) method that specifies measures into below 0.030cm/ second.Therefore, dust of the present invention is adopted to disperse preventing agent, when cover surface has newly piled up the objects such as mine tailing, a part for cover surface can have been dissolved by the moisture easily contained by object, thus the new object piled up can be made at short notice to become to be integrated with tectum.On the other hand, the moisture contained by object can not arrive through tectum the object be present in immediately below it, therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the objectionable impurities contained by object from externally flowing out.
2. dust disperses prevention method
Dust of the present invention preventing agent of dispersing is cured after uniformly dispersing is on the objects such as mine tailing, can play its function.Now, the tectal thickness of formation is preferably 1mm ~ 5mm, is more preferably 2mm ~ 4mm.When tectal thickness is less than 1mm, above-mentioned effect cannot be obtained fully.In addition, even if more than 5mm, also cannot obtain better effect, and dust disperse preventing agent usage quantity increase, cause running cost to raise.
As long as such dust disperses, the distributing method of preventing agent can be dispersed on object equably, is just not particularly limited, and can be scattered in the same manner as prior art by distribution pump etc.Dispersion volume suitably should adjust according to the disperse viscosity etc. of preventing agent of the proterties of object, dust, is usually preferably 0.5L/m
2~ 8L/m
2, be more preferably 1L/m
2~ 4L/m
2.By making dust disperse the dispersion volume of preventing agent within the scope of this, can easily by tectal gauge control in above-mentioned scope.Dispersion volume is less than 0.5L/m
2time, be difficult to intersperse among on object equably.On the other hand, even if dispersion volume is more than 8L/m
2, also cannot obtain higher effect, and dust disperse preventing agent usage quantity increase, cause running cost to raise.
It should be noted that, dust of the present invention preventing agent of dispersing can not only be used for the situation of object drying, also can be used in this object and contains moisture and become the situation of gel-form composition.In this case, although the problem that dust disperses can not be produced, can obtain and in gel-form composition, keep moisture, prevent over-drying effect.It should be noted that, gel-form composition refers to that tiny mine tailing to be dispersed among water etc. and to become pureed.
Embodiment
Below, by embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be noted that, below in an example, the accumulation horizon of the thickness 4mm be made up of the mine tailing etc. of the particulate comprising particle diameter less than 100 μm is reappeared in a region (1m × 1m) in laboratory, (Japanese Gong Jin Co., Ltd. manufactures to use the atomizer with the nozzle of aperture 1mm, pressure storage type sprayer HS-251BT) to disperse preventing agent at the dust of the surface distribution specified rate of this accumulation horizon, thus form tectum.To disperse the evaluation of preventing effectiveness test, (b) solvability evaluation test again, (c) water absorption test and (d) water-permeable by carrying out (a) dust to the tectum obtained like this, tectal characteristic is evaluated.
(a) dust disperse preventing effectiveness test
The disperse evaluation of preventing effectiveness of dust is carried out in the following manner: to be dispersed preventing agent and define tectum by the dust accumulation horizon that reappears in laboratory scattering respectively embodiment 1 ~ 22 and comparative example 1 ~ 6, then jet wind speed 25m/ second ~ air of 30m/ second, the amount of dispersing of dust and tectal conservation rate are measured.It should be noted that, the amount of dispersing of dust dispersed by the quality and dust obtaining the accumulation horizon measured in advance after the difference of quality of accumulation horizon calculate.In addition, tectal conservation rate calculates relative to the ratio of the tectum total area by obtaining the area that there occurs the part that dust disperses.
(b) water absorption test
Tectal absorption speed after the determination of test method solidification that absorptive evaluation is specified by water absorption test method (JIS1907 2004) carries out.
(c) solvability evaluation test again
Tectal deliquescent evaluation is again carried out in the following manner: the sample of the 5cm × 5cm cut out from tectum is put into the steel basin that 1L water is housed, (AS ONE company manufactures to use whipping appts, Tornado Standard SM-103) stir 10 minutes with revolution 700rpm, then use the wire cloth of mesh 5mm to collect residue, be determined at the quality of 50 DEG C of dryings after 8 hours.
The evaluation of (d) water-permeable (water-repellancy)
The change water level apparatus for permeability test (western Japanese trier Co., Ltd. manufactures) using JIS A1218 to specify also has carried out the evaluation of water-permeable, i.e. the evaluation of tectal water-repellancy by measuring coefficient of permeability.
(embodiment 1)
Using be 57 ° as the contact angle of hydrophilic polymer, (Kuraray Co., Ltd manufactures the PVA of the polymerization degree 1700, saponification deg 96 % by mole, PVA-CST) be dissolved in the pure water being warmed to 60 DEG C, the concentration making PVA is 1 quality %, has made aqueous solutions of polymers.The solvent temperature of adding in this aqueous solutions of polymers as insoluble fibrous matter is the vinylon (Kuraray Co., Ltd manufactures, VPB105-2) of 65 DEG C.Now, vinylon relative to the content of PVA with hydrophilic polymer: the mass ratio of fibrous matter counts 5:1.In addition, the cutting length of the vinylon of use is 4mm, fiber number is 1.7dtex, swelling capacity is 200%.With shaker mixer, the mixture comprising these compositions is fully mixed, resulting in dust and to disperse preventing agent.
Then, the dust of embodiment 1 is dispersed preventing agent with 1L/m
2ratio scatter the surface of the accumulation horizon reappeared in the lab.By being dispersed by the dust of embodiment 1, preventing agent is placed 24 hours under the environment of temperature 50 DEG C, makes it solidify completely, defines the tectum of thickness about 2mm on accumulation horizon surface.
The tectum formed like this is implemented to the evaluation test of (a) ~ (d).The results are shown in table 4.In addition, shown in Fig. 3 is the state of sample after stirring in solvability evaluation test again.
(embodiment 2 ~ 22, comparative example 1 ~ 6)
Except according to except the contamination etc. changing hydrophilic polymer and insoluble fibrous matter table 1 ~ table 3 Suo Shi, operate similarly to Example 1, the dust obtaining embodiment 2 ~ 22 and comparative example 1 ~ 6 disperses preventing agent.Preventing agent of being dispersed by these dust respectively similarly to Example 1 intersperses among the surface of the accumulation horizon reappeared in laboratory, places 24 hours, make it solidify completely thus under the environment of temperature 50 DEG C.Then, operate similarly to Example 1, implement (a) ~ the evaluation test of (d).The results are shown in table 4.In addition, shown in Fig. 4 is the state of sample after stirring in the evaluation test of solvability again of comparative example 4, and shown in Fig. 5 is the state of sample after stirring in the evaluation test of solvability again of comparative example 5.
[table 1]
[table 2]
[table 3]
[table 4]
[evaluation]
(a) ~ (d) the evaluation test result confirming the embodiment 1 ~ 22 belonging to technical scope of the present invention is substantially good, and effect of the present invention can be not fully exerted.Particularly for embodiment 1 ~ 14 and embodiment 18, confirm higher dust and to disperse preventing effectiveness.On the other hand, for embodiment 15 ~ 17, the swelling capacity of insoluble fibrous matter is beyond scope of the present invention, and compared with embodiment 1 ~ 14 and embodiment 18, the dust preventing effectiveness that disperses is deteriorated slightly.In addition, for embodiment 19 ~ 22, in the fiber number of insoluble fibrous matter and cutting length one of at least beyond preferable range, therefore similarly the dust preventing effectiveness that disperses is deteriorated slightly.
On the other hand, comparative example 1 ~ 5 is not containing the example of insoluble fibrous matter.Although comparative example 1 ~ 4 absorption speed and again solvability are substantially good, there is no sufficient dust and to disperse preventing effectiveness.On the other hand, in comparative example 5, add polymer concentration and dispersion volume, thereby is achieved sufficient dust effect, but cause absorption speed, again solvability to reduce therefrom.
In addition, the contact angle of the polymkeric substance of comparative example 6 is excessive, although dust disperses, preventing effectiveness is abundant, absorption speed and poorly soluble again.
Claims (12)
1. a dust disperses preventing agent, its aqueous solution or aqueous liquid dispersion of comprising hydrophilic polymer and containing insoluble fibrous matter, described hydrophilic polymer has the character of solidification and the water contact angle after solidification is 45 ° ~ 78 °, the cutting length of described insoluble fibrous matter in the scope of 0.5mm ~ 30mm and fiber number in the scope of 0.1dtex ~ 20dtex.
2. dust according to claim 1 disperses preventing agent, and wherein, the swelling capacity of described insoluble fibrous matter is more than 150% and be less than 300%.
3. dust according to claim 1 and 2 disperses preventing agent, and wherein, described insoluble fibrous matter is 0.1 ~ 1 relative to the content of described hydrophilic polymer by quality ratio.
4. the dust according to any one of claims 1 to 3 disperses preventing agent, and wherein, described insoluble fibrous matter is be selected from least a kind in vinylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral acetal.
5. the dust according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 disperses preventing agent, and wherein, described hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion.
6. the dust according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 disperses preventing agent, and wherein, described hydrophilic polymer is the form of polymer fiber.
7. the dust according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6 disperses preventing agent, wherein, described hydrophilic polymer be the polymerization degree 1000 ~ 5000 scope, saponification deg is at the polyvinyl alcohol of the scope of 95 % by mole ~ 100 % by mole.
8. the dust according to any one of claim 1 ~ 7 disperses preventing agent, and it becomes non-woven fabrics shape by solidifying.
9. dust disperses a prevention method, and the method comprises: preventing agent of being dispersed by the dust according to any one of claim 1 ~ 8 is dispersed in the object surface of the particulate comprising particle diameter less than 100 μm, makes it solidify, forms tectum on the surface of this object.
10. dust according to claim 9 disperses prevention method, and wherein, described object is gel-form composition.
11. dust according to claim 9 or 10 disperse prevention method, and wherein, described object is mine tailing.
12. dust according to any one of claim 9 ~ 11 disperse prevention method, wherein, with relative to object surface-area for 0.5L/m
2~ 8L/m
2ratio scatter described dust and to disperse preventing agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012254723 | 2012-11-20 | ||
| JP2012-254723 | 2012-11-20 | ||
| PCT/JP2013/081328 WO2014080960A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Dust scatter preventing agent and dust scatter preventing method using same |
| JP2013240477A JP6216230B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Dust scattering prevention agent and dust scattering prevention method using the same |
| JP2013-240477 | 2013-11-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104797676A true CN104797676A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
| CN104797676B CN104797676B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
Family
ID=50776139
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380060094.5A Active CN104797676B (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Dust is dispersed and preventing agent and is dispersed prevention method using the disperse dust of preventing agent of the dust |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10106716B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6216230B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104797676B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013348823B2 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2015001390A1 (en) |
| PE (1) | PE20151551A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014080960A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105907372A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-31 | 河北西江环保科技有限公司 | Magnetic degradable dust depressor, preparation method thereof and dust suppression method |
| CN105925247A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 河北西江环保科技有限公司 | Magnetic dust suppressant, preparation method thereof and metal mining powder dust suppression method |
| CN108570307A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-25 | 王洁梅 | A kind of dust suppressant of environmental protection |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105273691A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-01-27 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Raised dust solidification method |
| CN104293299B (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-11-30 | 张力 | A kind of Coal Dust Restrainer and preparation method thereof |
| BR102014029870B1 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | Univ Federal Do Espirito Santo Ufes | ore suppressing resin and resin use |
| CN105295845B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-12-22 | 天津港海湾园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of open ground Dust Improvement agent and preparation method thereof, application |
| AU2018348235A1 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-05-28 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Systems and methods for dust control using a liquid polymer |
| KR102114700B1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-05-25 | 주식회사 노바트로스 | Composition of scattering dust inhibitor having excellent antibacterial and deodorant |
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- 2013-11-20 JP JP2013240477A patent/JP6216230B2/en active Active
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- 2013-11-20 CN CN201380060094.5A patent/CN104797676B/en active Active
- 2013-11-20 AU AU2013348823A patent/AU2013348823B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-20 WO PCT/JP2013/081328 patent/WO2014080960A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN105925247A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 河北西江环保科技有限公司 | Magnetic dust suppressant, preparation method thereof and metal mining powder dust suppression method |
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| CN108570307A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-25 | 王洁梅 | A kind of dust suppressant of environmental protection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014122336A (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US10106716B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
| JP6216230B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| PE20151551A1 (en) | 2015-11-07 |
| CN104797676B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| CL2015001390A1 (en) | 2015-11-27 |
| AU2013348823A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
| WO2014080960A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
| AU2013348823B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
| US20150299545A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
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