CN104796195B - Visible light multi-carrier transmission method using multiplicative clipping - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visible light multi-carrier transmission method using multiplicative clipping. Positive value signals in each set of symmetrical time domain signals are reserved according to the characteristics of PAM-DMT modulation signals, and zero setting is conducted on negative value signals. The maximum optical signal threshold value is set as eta c, and when the data bit is larger than eta c, clipping is conducted after the data bit is multiplied with a given constant alpha. Then, the signal values at symmetrical positions are changed into preset fixed signal values from 0 so that the symmetrical position can serve as mark bits. A system receiving end determines signal clipping positions and the mark bits through an MAP detection method, signal recovery is conducted according to the multiplicative clipping principle used by a sending end, and therefore the sending signal detection is completed. By means of the method, the PAPR of emitted light signals is effectively reduced through multiplicative clipping, the method is easy to achieve, the system energy utilization rate is increased while the PAPR is restrained, the requirements a system for the linear ranges of power amplifiers and light-emitting diodes, the nonlinear distortion of signals in the electric domain and the light domain is reduced, and the overall performance of the system is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of visible ray multicarrier transmitting method using the property taken advantage of slicing, belongs to wireless light communication technology.
Background technology
Affected due to not covered by growing radio frequency, and enjoyed substantial amounts of frequency spectrum resource, it is seen that optic communication is
Extensive concern is caused in field of wireless transmission of future generation.Because current optical communication system is generally using intensity modulated/straight
Detection (IM/DD) is connect, i.e.,：Signal is modulated to the intensity of light, therefore to ensure that time-domain signal is arithmetic number.Binary system is opened and closed
Keying modulation (OOK) is although realize that simply energy efficiency is very poor.In order to improve message transmission rate and the availability of frequency spectrum,
Simultaneously to anti-multipath fading, the discrete multitone techniques (DMT) being derived from OFDM (OFDM) are introduced into it
In.
In order to ensure the positive real property of time-domain signal, two for being widely adopted now optic communication DMT schemes are asymmetric cutting
The glistening light of waves-orthogonal frequency division multiplexi (ACO-OFDM) and direct current biasing light-orthogonal frequency division multiplexi (DCO-OFDM).The two
Input frequency domain signal vector all meets conjugate symmetry property, after inverse FFT (IFFT), it is possible to obtain reality
Number time-domain signal.In order to obtain non-negative time-domain signal, the former directly cuts negative value for 0, and the latter adds a direct current on signal
Biasing.In ACO-OFDM schemes, only 1/4 subcarrier is used to transmit signal, and the availability of frequency spectrum is very low, reduces energy profit
With rate；And have 1/2 subcarrier to be used to transmit signal in DCO-OFDM schemes, but added direct current biasing also reduces energy
Utilization rate.
Also a kind of scheme that (PAM-DMT) is modulated using impulse amplitude Discrete Multitone.In the program, half subcarrier quilt
For passing through the symbol of PAM modulation, and direct current biasing is not needed.Frequency-region signal vector meets conjugation symmetrically, therefore passes through
After IFFT conversion, real number time-domain signal is obtained.Each pair bipolarity time-domain signal amplitude is identical, and symbol is conversely, therefore during by negative value
Domain signal is cut can't reduce the information transmitted by 0.
Due to the superposition that ofdm signal is multiple sine waves, when group variable number reaches to a certain degree, according to center pole
Reason is limited, OFDM symbol waveform will be a Gaussian random process, its envelope extremely unstable.When the data of IFFT inputs it is same
Xiang Shi, its output will produce very big peak value, therefore can cause excessive peak-to-average force ratio (PAPR).
Either ACO-OFDM, DCO-OFDM, or PAM-DMT, have that PAPR is too high.PAPR is too high not only
The requirement to modulus and the digital to analog converter range of linearity can be improved, and is easily accessible when can make signal by circuit non-linear
Area, so as to cause distorted signals, to systematic entirety great impact can be produced.In photosystem, not only power amplifier has non-linear,
Light emitting diode (LED) also have it is non-linear, therefore PAPR it is too high caused by nonlinear effect it is more serious.Therefore, reduction can
The PAPR for seeing optical communication system is highly desirable to.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provide it is a kind of using the property taken advantage of slicing can
See light multicarrier transmitting method.According to the modulated signal feature of PAM-DMT, on time-domain signal symmetric sampling position, signal width
Degree is identical, and symbol is contrary.To retain on the occasion of signal in every group of symmetrical temporal signal, negative signal zero setting.The maximum optical signal of setting
Threshold values is ηc, when data bit is more than ηcWhen, data bit is multiplied by into given constant α carries out slicing, then, by symmetric position signal value
Fixed signal value flag is changed to as marker bit, by 0 so as to reduce the effect of PAPR.
Technical scheme：For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of visible ray multicarrier transmitting method using the property taken advantage of slicing, it is characterised in that：PAM-DMT (impulse amplitude-from
The modulation of scattered multitone) system each pair time-domain signal after asymmetric slicing, wherein a time-domain signal is data bit, another one
Time-domain signal is 0；Data bit is valid data, when the valid data value of the data bit threshold maximum allowable more than system transmission signal
Value ηcWhen, by α times that data bit time-domain signal slicing is former time-domain signal value, while another one time-domain signal is changed to by 0
Fixed value flag, so as to reduce the effect of PAPR (peak-to-average force ratio)；Wherein α is the property taken advantage of clipping factor, is more than 0 and less than 1
Fixed value, such as α=1/2, flag represents the marking signal of the mark property taken advantage of clipping operation.
Said method specifically includes following steps：
(1) transmitting terminal is adopted according to PAM-DMT modesComplex frequency domain symbol of the individual sub- carrier-wave transmission through modulation
Vector, specially：The binary signal that information source is produced is obtained through PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)Individual frequency domain symbol, by this
A little frequency domain symbol conductsThe imaginary part of individual complex frequency domain symbol, the real part of complex frequency domain symbol is set to 0, and obtains complex frequency domain
Symbolic vectorWherein N is PAM-DMT system subcarriers sum；
(2) in PAM-DMT systems, visible light modulation is carried out in order to obtain real number time-domain signal, frequency-region signal mapping is needed
Meet conjugate symmetry property, that is, need to carry out frequency domain symbol mapping according to formula below on sub-carriers：
Wherein, X [n] represents the frequency-region signal of n-th subcarrier carrying, and subscript * is represented and taken conjugation；
(3) N point IFFT (inverse FFT) operation is carried out to frequency domain signal X [n], time-domain signal x (k) is obtained such as
Under：
Wherein, k represents the sampling instant position of time-domain symbol, and x (k) represents k-th time-domain signal；
(4) in the time-domain signal that step (3) is obtained, the numerical value phase of every group of symmetrical temporal signal value [x (k), x (N-k)]
Together, symbol is contrary；All time-domain signals are carried out with asymmetric negative value elimination, nonnegative real number time-domain signal x is obtainedc(k)；Eliminate step
Suddenly carry out according to equation below：
Wherein, xcK () is k-th time-domain signal after asymmetric negative value slicing；
(5) according to non-linear domain threshold value η of light emitting diode (LED) of transmitting in PAM-DMT systemsc, pair when
Domain signal xcK (), (k=1,2 ..., N) carries out the property taken advantage of slicing：First, when data bit signal value is more than ηcWhen, by the data bit letter
Number value is multiplied by α and carries out slicing, and places marking signal value flag in symmetric position；Then, by after the property taken advantage of slicing still greater than ηc's
Data bit signal value is reduced to ηc；Thus the kth group symmetric signal [x after the property taken advantage of slicing is obtaineddc(k),xdc(N-k) it is] as follows：
Wherein, flag takes the η of fixed value 0.3c；
(6) by the nonnegative real number time-domain signal x after slicingdc=[xdc(0),xdc(1),…,xdc(N-1)] it is sent to light
Communication transmitter module, using intensity modulated, converts the electrical signal to light intensity signal；
(7) in receiving terminal, light intensity signal is converted to time domain electric signal y by photodiodedc=[ydc(0),ydc
(1),…,ydc(N-1)], it is respectively directed to every group of symmetric signal [ydc(k),ydc(N-k)] using classical MAP, (maximum a posteriori is accurate
Signal detection then) is carried out, the taking advantage of property slicing type of the signal combination in step (5), i.e. step is estimated by MAP detections
(5) situation (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) in the property taken advantage of slicing formula, thus recovers the time domain through negative value slicing
Signal yc；Concrete recovery operation is as follows：When the group receives signal MAP is detected as situation (a) or (b), data are not made
Change；When situation (c) or (d) is belonged to, data bit receives signal and is marker bit, direct zero setting divided by α, symmetric position；When
When situation belongs to (e) or (f), data bit is divided by α, symmetric position zero setting；
(8) y obtained in step (7)cIn, on the occasion of remaining unchanged, symmetric position placement amplitude is identical and symbol is contrary
Value, obtain original time-domain signal detected value y, and carry out FFT (FFT), obtain frequency domain and receive vector Y；
(9) part of the carrying effective information in Y is takenThe value of wherein imaginary part is taken,
Demodulated by PAM and obtain the binary data for sending.
Beneficial effect：The present invention proposes a kind of low using the property taken advantage of slicing method on the basis of asymmetric slicing PAM-DMT
Peak-to-average force ratio transmission of visible light scheme, with following advantage：1st, visible light communication PAM-DMT technical characterstics are made full use of, as far as possible
The process of the property taken advantage of slicing is carried out on the premise of retaining original signal information, the peak-to-average force ratio of system is reduced；2nd, need not transmit extra
Side information, effectively reduces system peak-to-average power ratio by not wasting frequency resource；3rd, the time-domain signal after the property taken advantage of slicing
Gross energy be reduced, improve the capacity usage ratio 4 of system, low PAPR can reduce system to power amplifier and LED linear model
The requirement enclosed, 5, reduce PAPR and can reduce the caused non-linear distortion due to power amplifier and LED nonlinear characteristics, improve system
Overall performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the low peak average ratio on the basis of asymmetric slicing PAM-DMT using the property taken advantage of slicing method proposed by the present invention can
See the system block diagram of light multicarrier transmitting method；
Fig. 2 is to be illustrated using the transmitting terminal signal transacting of the low peak average ratio visible ray multicarrier transmitting method of the property taken advantage of slicing
Figure；Wherein 2 (a) is the imaginary values that the symmetrical frequency-region signal of conjugation is met in PAM-DMT optical transmission systems；2 (b) is through IFFT
The time-domain signal of change；2 (c) is the time-domain signal after negative value slicing；2 (d) is the time-domain signal after the property taken advantage of slicing,
Wherein α takes 1/2；
Fig. 3 is the PAPR complementation accumulated probability scatter charts with original PAM-DMT systems of the invention；
Fig. 4 is bit error rate-signal to noise ratio (BER-SNR) the Performance comparision figure with direct slicing PAM-DMT of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
One kind modulates the property the taken advantage of slicing of (PAM-DMT) visible ray multi-carrier communications systems for impulse amplitude-Discrete Multitone
Transmission plan：According to the modulated signal feature of PAM-DMT, on time-domain signal symmetric sampling position, signal amplitude is identical, symbol
On the contrary.To retain on the occasion of signal in every group of symmetrical temporal signal, negative signal zero setting.Maximum optical signal threshold values is set as ηc, when
Data bit is more than ηcWhen, data bit is multiplied by into given constant α carries out slicing, then, symmetric position signal value is changed to by 0 to fix
Signal value flag is used as marker bit.The method effectively reduces the peak-to-average force ratio (PAPR) of transmitting optical signal, side by the property taken advantage of slicing
Method realization is simple, and while PAPR is suppressed system capacity utilization rate is improve, and reduces system to power amplifier and light emitting diode
(LED) requirement of the range of linearity, reduces signal in electricity, the non-linear distortion of area of light, improves the overall performance of system.
As shown in figure 1, for the real-time block diagram of the present invention, detailed process is as follows：
(1) transmitting terminal is adopted according to PAM-DMT modesComplex frequency domain symbol of the individual sub- carrier-wave transmission through modulation
Vector, specially：The binary signal that information source is produced is obtained through PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)Individual frequency domain symbol, by this
A little frequency domain symbol conductsThe imaginary part of individual complex frequency domain symbol, the real part of complex frequency domain symbol is set to 0, and obtains complex frequency domain
Symbolic vectorWherein N is PAM-DMT system subcarriers sum；
(2) in PAM-DMT systems, visible light modulation is carried out in order to obtain real number time-domain signal, frequency-region signal mapping is needed
Meet conjugate symmetry property, that is, need to carry out frequency domain symbol mapping according to formula below on sub-carriers：
Wherein, X [n] represents the frequency-region signal of n-th subcarrier carrying, and subscript * is represented and taken conjugation；
(3) N point IFFT (inverse FFT) operation is carried out to frequency domain signal X [n], time-domain signal x (k) is obtained such as
Under：
Wherein, k represents the sampling instant position of time-domain symbol, and x (k) represents k-th time-domain signal；
(4) in the time-domain signal that step (3) is obtained, the numerical value phase of every group of symmetrical temporal signal value [x (k), x (N-k)]
Together, symbol is contrary；All time-domain signals are carried out with asymmetric negative value elimination, nonnegative real number time-domain signal x is obtainedc(k)；Eliminate step
Suddenly carry out according to equation below：
Wherein, xcK () is k-th time-domain signal after asymmetric negative value slicing；
(5) according to non-linear domain threshold value η of light emitting diode (LED) of transmitting in PAM-DMT systemsc, pair when
Domain signal xcK (), (k=1,2 ..., N) carries out the property taken advantage of slicing：First, when data bit signal value is more than ηcWhen, by the data bit letter
Number value is multiplied by α and carries out slicing, and places marking signal value flag in symmetric position；Then, by after the property taken advantage of slicing still greater than ηc's
Data bit signal value is reduced to ηc；Thus the kth group symmetric signal [x after the property taken advantage of slicing is obtaineddc(k),xdc(N-k) it is] as follows：
Wherein, flag takes the η of fixed value 0.3c；
(6) by the nonnegative real number time-domain signal x after slicingdc=[xdc(0),xdc(1),…,xdc(N-1)] it is sent to light
Communication transmitter module, using intensity modulated, converts the electrical signal to light intensity signal；
(7) in receiving terminal, light intensity signal is converted to time domain electric signal y by photodiodedc=[ydc(0),ydc
(1),…,ydc(N-1)], it is respectively directed to every group of symmetric signal [ydc(k),ydc(N-k)] using classical MAP, (maximum a posteriori is accurate
Signal detection then) is carried out, the taking advantage of property slicing type of the signal combination in step (5), i.e. step is estimated by MAP detections
(5) situation (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) in the property taken advantage of slicing formula, thus recovers the time domain through negative value slicing
Signal yc；Concrete recovery operation is as follows：When the group receives signal MAP is detected as situation (a) or (b), data are not made
Change；When situation (c) or (d) is belonged to, data bit receives signal and is marker bit, direct zero setting divided by α, symmetric position；When
When situation belongs to (e) or (f), data bit is divided by α, symmetric position zero setting；
(8) y obtained in step (7)cIn, on the occasion of remaining unchanged, symmetric position placement amplitude is identical and symbol is contrary
Value, obtain original time-domain signal detected value y, and carry out FFT (FFT), obtain frequency domain and receive vector Y；
(9) part of the carrying effective information in Y is takenThe value of wherein imaginary part is taken,
Demodulated by PAM and obtain the binary data for sending.
The present invention is made further instructions below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 2 the imaginary values such as 2 (a) for meeting the symmetrical frequency-region signal of conjugation are shown；After IFFT changes
Shown in the time-domain signal for arriving such as 2 (b), x (k)=- x (N-k) is met；Shown in time-domain signal such as 2 (c) through negative value slicing；2
D () is the time-domain signal through the property taken advantage of slicing, more than threshold ηcSignal be multiplied by α, and place in the symmetric position for being originally used for 0
One flag values are used as mark.Wherein α takes 1/2, flag and takes 0.3 ηc。
Fig. 3 gives original optic communication PAM-DMT systems and the PAPR complimentary cumulatives using the system after the present invention
Distribution curve.System is modulated using 64-PAM, sub-carrier number N=256, thresholding ηc=8dB, marks bit constant flag=0.3
ηc, α=1/2.The PAPR of system can effectively be reduced using this method as can be observed from Figure, so as to reduce to transmitting terminal work(
Put, the requirement of the range of linearity of device such as LED, reduce signal in electricity, the non-linear distortion of area of light, improve system totality acceptance
Energy.
Fig. 4 illustrates bit error rate (BER) performance of the present invention, is modulated using 64-PAM, sub-carrier number N=256, thresholding
ηc=8dB, compares the change of direct slicing PAM-DMT and bit error rate of the invention with signal to noise ratio (SNR) in figure, can from figure
To observe that the present invention can significantly improve BER performances relative to direct slicing.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of visible ray multicarrier transmitting method using the property taken advantage of slicing, it is characterised in that：The each pair time domain of PAM-DMT systems
Signal is after asymmetric slicing, wherein a time-domain signal is data bit, another one time-domain signal is 0；Data bit is effective
Data, when the valid data value of data bit threshold value η maximum allowable more than system transmission signalcWhen, by data bit time-domain signal
Slicing is α times of former time-domain signal value, while another one time-domain signal is changed to into fixed value flag by 0, so as to reduce
The effect of PAPR；Wherein α is the property taken advantage of clipping factor, is the fixed value more than 0 and less than 1, and flag represents that the mark property taken advantage of slicing is grasped
The marking signal of work；Specifically include following steps：
(1) transmitting terminal is adopted according to PAM-DMT modesIndividual sub- carrier-wave transmission passes through the complex frequency domain symbolic vector of modulation,
Specially：The binary signal that information source is produced is obtained through PAMIndividual frequency domain symbol, using these frequency domain symbols as
The imaginary part of individual complex frequency domain symbol, the real part of complex frequency domain symbol is set to 0, and obtains complex frequency domain symbolic vectorWherein N is PAM-DMT system subcarriers sum；
(2) in PAM-DMT systems, visible light modulation is carried out in order to obtain real number time-domain signal, frequency-region signal mapping needs full
Sufficient conjugate symmetry property, that is, need to carry out frequency domain symbol mapping according to formula below on sub-carriers：
Wherein, X [n] represents the frequency-region signal of n-th subcarrier carrying, and subscript * is represented and taken conjugation；
(3) N points IFFT operations are carried out to frequency domain signal X [n], time-domain signal x (k) is obtained as follows：
Wherein, k represents the sampling instant position of time-domain symbol, and x (k) represents k-th time-domain signal；
(4) in the time-domain signal that step (3) is obtained, the numerical value of every group of symmetrical temporal signal value [x (k), x (N-k)] is identical, symbol
It is number contrary；All time-domain signals are carried out with asymmetric negative value elimination, nonnegative real number time-domain signal x is obtainedc(k)；Removal process is pressed
Carry out according to equation below：
Wherein, xcK () is k-th time-domain signal after asymmetric negative value slicing；
(5) according to non-linear domain threshold value η of transmitting light emitting diode in PAM-DMT systemsc, to time-domain signal xc
K (), (k=1,2 ..., N) carries out the property taken advantage of slicing：First, when data bit signal value is more than ηcWhen, the data bit signal value is taken advantage of
Slicing is carried out with α, and marking signal value flag is placed in symmetric position；Then, by after the property taken advantage of slicing still greater than ηcData bit
Signal value is reduced to ηc；Thus the kth group symmetric signal [x after the property taken advantage of slicing is obtaineddc(k),xdc(N-k) it is] as follows：
Wherein, flag takes the η of fixed value 0.3c；
(6) by the nonnegative real number time-domain signal x after slicingdc=[xdc(0),xdc(1),…,xdc(N-1)] it is sent to optic communication
Transmitter module, using intensity modulated, converts the electrical signal to light intensity signal；
(7) in receiving terminal, light intensity signal is converted to time domain electric signal y by photodiodedc=[ydc(0),ydc(1),…,ydc
(N-1)], it is respectively directed to every group of symmetric signal [ydc(k),ydc(N-k)] signal detection is carried out using classical MAP, by MAP
Detection estimates the taking advantage of property slicing type of the signal combination in step (5), i.e. situation in step (5) in the property taken advantage of slicing formula
A (), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), thus recover the time-domain signal y through negative value slicingc；Concrete recovery operation is by as follows
Step：When the group receives signal MAP is detected as situation (a) or (b), data are not changed；When situation (c) or (d) is belonged to,
Data bit receives signal and is marker bit, direct zero setting divided by α, symmetric position；When situation belongs to (e) or (f), data bit is removed
With α, symmetric position zero setting；The MAP is maximum a posteriori criterion；
(8) y obtained in step (7)cIn, on the occasion of remaining unchanged, symmetric position places the value that amplitude is identical and symbol is contrary,
Original time-domain signal detected value y is obtained, and carries out FFT, obtained frequency domain and receive vector Y；
(9) part of the carrying effective information in Y is takenThe value of wherein imaginary part is taken, is passed through
PAM demodulation obtains the binary data for sending.
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