CN104793242B - A kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method and system - Google Patents
A kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method and system, and it includes setting time sampling point to reading in pending geological data trace gather；At each time sampling point, ray parameter coefficient is determined according to error minimum principle, ray parameter coefficient is then based on and calculates ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances, so as to form ray parameter in distribution of the time migration away from domain；The dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out, ray parameter identical sample point data in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather is overlapped to extract ray parameter trace gather altogether.Trace gather abstracting method proposed by the present invention and system are independent of rate pattern, high-precision prestack ray parameter domain trace gather can be provided for geological data prestack inverting reservoir elastic parameter, so that the amplitude from earthquake prestack trace gather extracting data correctly describes variation relation of the amplitude corresponding to reservoir with ray parameter with the variation relation of ray parameter, reservoir elastic parameter inversion precision and reservoir gas-bearing property precision of prediction can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysics oil and gas exploration engineering field, more particularly to a kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather to extract
Method and system.
Background technology
From it is existing using the method for seismic wave analysis formation lithology it was found from, on prestack common midpoint gather, seismic reflection
Wave-amplitude changes and changed with offset distance（AVO）.Prestack angle domain AVO invertings be reservoir elastic parameter inversion and reservoir prediction,
The important technology of fluid prediction, by prestack angle domain AVO invertings can obtain the velocity of longitudinal wave of reservoir, shear wave velocity, density,
The important parameter such as p-wave impedance and S-wave impedance.And the key technology of prestack angle domain AVO invertings is from offset distance to angle
Conversion.Each Seismic Traces have a fixed geophone offset, and sampled point has different reflection angles at different moments on road.
In order to obtain the information that echo amplitude changes with incidence angle, it is necessary to when m- offset distance domain constant offset away from CMP
The trace gather of the fixation reflex angle of m- angle domain when trace gather is converted to.In the prior art, when being converted to angle from offset distance, penetrate
Line tracking needs known speed model.Currently used rate pattern has following four：Uniform dielectric model, layered medium mould
Type, continuum Model and interlayer continuum Model.Uniform dielectric model ignores speed with change in depth relation, it is assumed that from ground
The speed of face to reflecting layer position is constant, and ray is the straight line between pip and eye point.The angle obtained by the model
Be worth it is less than normal, lack wide-angle, be unfavorable for prestack angle domain AVO invertings.Layered medium model hypothesis speed is in phase step type with depth
Change（As shown in Figure 1）, ray form is broken line.The model is needed to be manually set the number of plies of velocity interface, and refraction is used
Exit point offset reverses with reflection depth, easily causes angle form partition.Continuum Model is obtained using statistical method
For speed with change in depth relation, ray is a smooth curve.But the model consider be velocity variations general trend, neglect
The localized variation of speed has been omited, therefore at the violent position of velocity variations, it is impossible to rightly describe.Interlayer continuum Model is false
If speed changes with depth in phase step type, while is continuum Model again in interlayer speed.The model had both emphasized speed part
Change and its continuity, maintain the uniformity of localized variation and overall variation, but be also required to be manually set velocity interface again
The number of plies.The precision of above-mentioned four kinds of rate patterns determines the precision that angle is converted to from offset distance.Although from uniform dielectric mould
Type, continuum Model, layered medium model to interlayer continuum Model, the precision of each rate pattern step up, still
Due to speed can not be described exactly, when actual seismic data is handled, the angle and reality that are calculated based on each rate pattern
The error of the angle of border seismic spread is larger, and the error directly affects based on prestack angle gathers inverting formation of elastic parameters
Precision and the precision of seismic data reservoir gas-bearing property prediction.As shown in Figure 2 A and 2B, seismic wave is calculated with uniform dielectric model to enter
Exemplified by firing angle degree, the angle value that the model calculates is less than normal, larger with the error of real angle, in the range of 1.5 times of offset distances, angle
Degree relative error is up to 38%, has a strong impact on prestack angle domain AVO elastic parameter inversion precision.Although open peak etc. and propose for 2011
New prestack ray impedance and elastic parameter inversion technology, improve reservoir elastic parameter inversion and reservoir to a certain extent
Precision of prediction, but this method is in from offset distance to the transfer process in ray parameter domain, it is still desirable to entered by rate pattern
Row ray tracing from angle and rate conversion is again then ray parameter, therefore this method turns to calculate ray path and angle
The ray parameter changed still can be influenceed by rate pattern precision, it is impossible to correct description Amplitudeversusangle relation.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides it is a kind of can be independent of the high-precision prestack of rate pattern
Ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method and system.
This method comprises the following steps：
S100, pending geological data trace gather is read in, time sampling point is set to pending seismic-data traces collection；
S200, at each time sampling point, ray parameter coefficient is determined according to error minimum principle, is then based on institute
State ray parameter coefficient and calculate ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances, so as to form ray parameter in point of the time migration away from domain
Cloth；
S300, the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out, to ray parameter identical sampling number in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather
Ray parameter trace gather altogether is extracted according to being overlapped.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps S100, the pending geological data trace gather is compressional wave prestack common midpoint gather.
Or in above-mentioned steps S100, the pending geological data trace gather is converted wave prestack CRP gather.
In addition, above-mentioned time sampling point is the self excitation and self receiving time point of zero-offset in pending geological data trace gather.
Specifically, above-mentioned steps S200 includes following small step：
S210, it is each time sampling point t0iSelect one group of parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), j=1,2......；
S220, by every a pair of system of parameters number (Aj, Bj) substitute into t when following formula calculates corresponding calculating travellingj, and analyze
T when calculating travellingjWith the error between real travel time t：
In formula, x is offset distance；
S230, all parameter coefficient { (A to be obtainedj, Bj), the error result corresponding to j=1,2...... during calculating travelling
Afterwards, the minimum parameter coefficient of error is therefrom selected as time sampling point t0iThe ray parameter coefficient (A, B) at place；
S240, ray parameter coefficient (A, B) substituted into following formula to calculate ray parameter p corresponding to different offset distance x：
p=Ax2+Bx。
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps S300, based on known ray parameter coefficient (A, B), prestack road is carried out by following formula
The dynamic correction of collection：
In formula, t is real travel time, and x is offset distance, Δ tiFor with time sampling point t0iCorresponding NMO (normal moveout).
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather extraction system, it is characterised in that including：
Pretreatment module, for reading in pending geological data trace gather, the time is set to adopt pending seismic-data traces collection
Sampling point；
Analysis module, at each time sampling point, determining ray parameter coefficient according to error minimum principle, so
Ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances is calculated based on the ray parameter coefficient afterwards, so as to form ray parameter in time migration
Distribution away from domain；
Trace gather module is taken out, it is identical to ray parameter in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather for carrying out the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather
Sample point data be overlapped to extract ray parameter trace gather altogether.
Further, above-mentioned analysis module is included with lower unit：
Pretreatment unit, for for each time sampling point t0iSelect one group of parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), j=1,
2......；
Analytic unit, for by every a pair of system of parameters number (Aj, Bj) substitute into following formula calculate it is corresponding calculate travelling when
tj, and analyze t when calculating is travelledjWith the error between real travel time t：
In formula, x is offset distance；
Parameter selection unit, for from all parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), corresponding to j=1,2...... during calculating travelling
The minimum parameter coefficient of error is selected in error result as time sampling point t0iThe ray parameter coefficient (A, B) at place；
Computing unit, ray parameter coefficient (A, B) substituted into following formula to calculate ray parameter p corresponding to different offset distance x：
p=Ax2+Bx。
Further, above-mentioned trace gather module of taking out includes the dynamic correction unit of prestack trace gather, for based on known ray parameter
Coefficient (A, B), the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out by following formula：
In formula, t is real travel time, and x is offset distance, Δ tiFor with time sampling point t0iCorresponding NMO (normal moveout).
Compared with prior art, method and system of the invention can have the following advantages that：The present invention is based on ray parameter
To the derivative of offset distance when being seimic wave propagation travelling, propose directly by the slope of reflection line-ups to ask for ray to join
Number system number, because solution procedure is driven by geological data completely, therefore avoid in the prior art angle calculation to rate pattern
The dependence of precision, so as to provide high-precision prestack ray parameter domain trace gather for geological data prestack inverting reservoir elastic parameter,
So that the amplitude from earthquake prestack trace gather extracting data is correctly described corresponding to reservoir with the variation relation of ray parameter
Amplitude can improve reservoir elastic parameter inversion precision and reservoir gas-bearing property precision of prediction with the variation relation of ray parameter.
Other advantages, target and the feature of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.The target and other advantages of the present invention can be wanted by following specification, right
Specifically noted structure is sought in book, and accompanying drawing to realize and obtain.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
Apply example to be provided commonly for explaining the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is layered medium model schematic in the prior art；
Fig. 2A is the comparison schematic diagram of the angle and real angle calculated in the prior art based on uniform dielectric model；
Fig. 2 B are the relative error schematic diagrames of the angle calculated shown in Fig. 2A based on uniform dielectric model；
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 A are the comparison schematic diagrams of the ray parameter and real ray parameter calculated in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 B are the relative error schematic diagrames of the ray parameter calculated shown in Fig. 4 A；
Schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is the calculating travelling obtained in one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with accompanying drawing further
Ground describes in detail.
Theoretical when being travelled according to seismic wave, in common midpoint gather, t is led to offset distance x when ray parameter p is travelling
Number：
The present inventor proposes that one kind is directly penetrated in trace gather by asking for reflection line-ups slope accordingly
The method of line parameter.This method does not need the speed prior information of underground, can avoid the dependence to rate pattern precision, have
The advantage of complete earthquake data-driven.
When being travelled according to ray tracing theory forward simulation layered medium model, different offset distances are understood by analysis
Ray parameter p and offset distance x relation meets following quadratic function relation：
p=Ax2+Bx （1）
Wherein, A and B is two unknowm coefficients.
Therefore, it is away from the corresponding incremental time dt of increment dx with minor shifts：
dt=pdx=(Ax2+Bx)dx （2）
To formula（2）Corresponding NMO (normal moveout) Δ t can be obtained by carrying out integration：
The reflection interval of so different offset distances meets following formula：
Wherein, t0It is the self excitation and self receiving time of zero-offset.
Formula（3）When being not only suitable for calculating compressional wave travelling, when being applied to calculate converted wave travelling again.
Thus, when known different offset distance seismic waves travelling constantly, missed when can be travelled according to forward modeling with real travel time
Poor minimum principle, inverting ray parameter p coefficient A and B, and then determine ray parameter p.
Based on above-mentioned principle, ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method of the invention comprises the following steps（As shown in Figure 3）：
S100, pending geological data trace gather is read in, time sampling point is set to pending seismic-data traces collection：
In the specific implementation, pending geological data trace gather can be that compressional wave prestack common midpoint gather or converted wave are folded
Preceding CRP gather, at the self excitation and self receiving time point of zero-offset, be designated as t in the preferred trace gather of time sampling point0i, i ,=
12......。
S200, at each time sampling point, ray parameter coefficient is determined according to error minimum principle, is then based on institute
State ray parameter coefficient and calculate ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances, so as to form ray parameter in point of the time migration away from domain
Cloth.Specifically it may comprise steps of S210~S240：
S210, it is each time sampling point t0iSelect one group of parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), j=1,2......；
S220, by every a pair of system of parameters number (Aj, Bj) substitute into t when following formula calculates corresponding calculating travellingj, and analyze
T when calculating travellingjWith the error between real travel time t：
In formula, x is offset distance；
S230, all parameter coefficient { (A to be obtainedj, Bj), the error result corresponding to j=1,2...... during calculating travelling
Afterwards, the minimum parameter coefficient of error is therefrom selected as time sampling point t0iThe ray parameter coefficient (A, B) at place；
S240, ray parameter coefficient (A, B) substituted into following formula to calculate the ray parameter p corresponding to different offset distance x：
p=Ax2+Bx。
S300, the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out, to ray parameter identical sampling number in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather
Ray parameter trace gather altogether is extracted according to being overlapped.Specifically it may comprise steps of S310~S320：
S310, carry out the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather：
Treat that all time sampling points complete step S200, form ray parameter after time migration is away from the distribution in domain, be based on
Known ray parameter coefficient (A, B), the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out by following formula：
In formula, t is real travel time, Δ tiFor with time sampling point t0iCorresponding NMO (normal moveout).
S320, extract ray parameter trace gather altogether：
In step S310 prestack trace gather moves correction result, ray parameter p identical sample point datas are overlapped
To form ray parameter p roads altogether, namely the prestack ray parameter domain trace gather that the present invention needs.
As shown in Figure 4 A and 4 B shown in FIG., respectively illustrate according to formula（1）The ray parameter of calculating and real ray
The comparative result and its relative error of parameter.As seen from the figure, formula（1）Calculate ray parameter and real angle is basically identical, and
In the range of 1.5 times of offset distances, ray parameter relative error is no more than 1.5%.As shown in figure 5, the calculating obtained according to the present invention
During travelling（Black bold dashed lines）Basically identical, correct description during with using the travelling of Fig. 1 layered medium forward modelings seismic channel set
Amplitude is with ray parameter variation relation.In addition, by the application to rich Canyon multi-wave seismic data, it is of the invention and normal
Rule angle domain elastic parameter inversion method is compared, and the identical rate of four sections of reservoir velocity of longitudinal wave invertings of palpus brings up to 0.62 from 0.57, horizontal stroke
The identical rate of wave velocity inverting brings up to 0.67 from 0.57, and the identical rate of inversion of Density brings up to 0.72 from 0.46, so as to further demonstrate,prove
Understand, the present invention can provide high-precision prestack ray parameter domain trace gather for geological data prestack inverting reservoir elastic parameter, make
Obtain from the amplitude of earthquake prestack trace gather extracting data and correctly describe shaking corresponding to reservoir with the variation relation of ray parameter
Width improves reservoir elastic parameter inversion precision and reservoir gas-bearing property precision of prediction with the variation relation of ray parameter.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that above-mentioned each step of the invention can be with general computing device come real
Existing, they can be concentrated on single computing device, or are distributed on the network that multiple computing devices are formed, optional
Ground, they can be realized with the program code that computing device can perform, it is thus possible to be stored in storage device by
Computing device performs, they are either fabricated to each integrated circuit modules respectively or by multiple modules in them or
Step is fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize.So, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
Therefore, the present invention also provides a kind of system using above-mentioned prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method.The system
Including：
Pretreatment module, for reading in pending geological data trace gather, the time is set to adopt pending seismic-data traces collection
Sampling point；
Analysis module, at each time sampling point, determining ray parameter coefficient according to error minimum principle, so
Ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances is calculated based on the ray parameter coefficient afterwards, so as to form ray parameter in time migration
Distribution away from domain；
Trace gather module is taken out, it is identical to ray parameter in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather for carrying out the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather
Sample point data be overlapped to extract ray parameter trace gather altogether.
Further, above-mentioned analysis module can include with lower unit：
Pretreatment unit, for for one group of parameter coefficient of each time sampling point selection；
Analytic unit, when being travelled for calculating corresponding calculating for every a pair of system of parameters number, and analyze calculating travelling
When and real travel time between error；
Parameter selection unit, for selecting error most from error result when travelling is calculated corresponding to all parameter coefficients
Small parameter coefficient, as the ray parameter coefficient at time sampling point；
Computing unit, ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances is calculated based on ray parameter coefficient.
Further, above-mentioned trace gather module of taking out can include the dynamic correction unit of prestack trace gather, for based on known ray
Parameter coefficient, carry out the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather.
Although disclosed herein embodiment as above, described content only to facilitate understand the present invention and adopt
Embodiment, it is not limited to the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains, this is not being departed from
On the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But the scope of patent protection of the present invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of prestack ray parameter domain trace gather abstracting method, comprises the following steps：
S100, pending geological data trace gather is read in, time sampling point is set to pending seismic-data traces collection；
S200, at each time sampling point, ray parameter coefficient is determined according to error minimum principle, is then based on described penetrate
Line parameter coefficient calculates ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances, so as to form ray parameter in distribution of the time migration away from domain；
S300, the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out, ray parameter identical sample point data in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather is entered
Row is superimposed to extract common ray parameter trace gather；
Wherein, the step S200 includes following small step：
S210, it is each time sampling point t0iSelect one group of parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), j=1,2......；
S220, by every a pair of system of parameters number (Aj, Bj) substitute into t when following formula calculates corresponding calculating travellingj, and analyze calculating
T during travellingjWith the error between real travel time t：
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In formula, x is offset distance；
S230, all parameter coefficient { (A to be obtainedj, Bj), after error result when travelling is calculated corresponding to j=1,2......,
The minimum parameter coefficient of error is therefrom selected as time sampling point t0iThe ray parameter coefficient (A, B) at place；
S240, ray parameter coefficient (A, B) substituted into following formula to calculate ray parameter p corresponding to different offset distance x：
P=Ax2+Bx。
2. trace gather abstracting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step S100, the pending geological data trace gather is compressional wave prestack common midpoint gather.
3. trace gather abstracting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step S100, the pending geological data trace gather is converted wave prestack CRP gather.
4. the trace gather abstracting method as described in claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that：
The time sampling point is the self excitation and self receiving time point of zero-offset in pending geological data trace gather.
5. the trace gather abstracting method as described in claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that：
In the step S300, based on known ray parameter coefficient (A, B), the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather is carried out by following formula：
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In formula, t is real travel time, and x is offset distance, Δ tiFor with time sampling point t0iCorresponding NMO (normal moveout).
A kind of 6. prestack ray parameter domain trace gather extraction system, it is characterised in that including：
Pretreatment module, for reading in pending geological data trace gather, time sampling point is set to pending seismic-data traces collection；
Analysis module, at each time sampling point, ray parameter coefficient, Ran Houji to be determined according to error minimum principle
Ray parameter corresponding to different offset distances is calculated in the ray parameter coefficient, so as to form ray parameter in time migration away from domain
Distribution；
Trace gather module is taken out, for carrying out the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather, ray parameter identical in the dynamic correction result of prestack trace gather is adopted
Sampling point data are overlapped to extract ray parameter trace gather altogether；
Wherein, the analysis module further comprises with lower unit：
Pretreatment unit, for for each time sampling point t0iSelect one group of parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), j=1,2......；
Analytic unit, for by every a pair of system of parameters number (Aj, Bj) substitute into t when following formula calculates corresponding calculating travellingj, and
T when analysis calculates travellingjWith the error between real travel time t：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
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</mfrac>
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</mrow>
In formula, x is offset distance；
Parameter selection unit, for from all parameter coefficient { (Aj, Bj), the mistake corresponding to j=1,2...... during calculating travelling
The minimum parameter coefficient of error is selected in poor result as time sampling point t0iThe ray parameter coefficient (A, B) at place；
Computing unit, ray parameter coefficient (A, B) substituted into following formula to calculate ray parameter p corresponding to different offset distance x：P=
Ax2+Bx。
7. system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the trace gather module of taking out includes the dynamic correction unit of prestack trace gather,
For based on known ray parameter coefficient (A, B), the dynamic correction of prestack trace gather to be carried out by following formula：
<mrow>
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<mi>&Delta;t</mi>
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</mrow>
In formula, t is real travel time, and x is offset distance, Δ tiFor with time sampling point t0iCorresponding NMO (normal moveout).
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