CN104792576A - 一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统 - Google Patents
一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792576A CN104792576A CN201510179814.0A CN201510179814A CN104792576A CN 104792576 A CN104792576 A CN 104792576A CN 201510179814 A CN201510179814 A CN 201510179814A CN 104792576 A CN104792576 A CN 104792576A
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- -1 nitrogen-phosphorus Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，包括径流池、收集桶、径流管、栅格罩；径流池底部具有排水口(7)；径流池壁上有刻度，用以粗略测量径流量；各个径流池底部均设有收集桶支座(6)，用以固定径流量较小时收集径流水的收集桶；径流管(4)的一侧固定在径流池中，向下弯曲以便于收集径流水，径流管的另一侧位于稻麦轮作田中，分设三个进水口：第一进水口比水稻田面高出5-7cm，用以收集稻季非烤田期径流水，其他时期覆盖；第二进水口与水稻田面平齐，用以收集水稻种植烤田期径流水，其它时期遮盖；第三进水口位于径流管底部并与麦季开沟的沟底齐平，其它时期遮盖；所述栅格罩设于径流池进水口的外部，上端开口，格栅内铺设小石子。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，属于径流收集技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 在我国，农业面源污染是环境中污染的主要来源，其严重程度不亚于全世界平均水平。我国农业水平远落后于发达国家，仍主要依赖于化肥和农药的使用。这就导致田面水中的氮、磷等营养物质浓度远高于地表水正常范围。据统计，农业面源污染中产生并排放的总磷占据了地表水中污染总负荷的24% -71%。我国农药的使用量早已达到260t以上，但其利用率却仅为10% _20%，其余部分均通过径流流失等到达水体等环境中。径流是农田污染物的主要载体，因此，加强对农田径流流失的控制，对于减轻农业面源污染具有非常重要的意义。
[0003]目前，国内外关于农田径流的研宄虽然多集中于建立径流池，但却不利于径流产生较少时的收集。小型的径流桶的应用虽然解决了径流较少时的收集问题，但是对于常年淹水的农田，特别是稻田，桶体很容易上浮，导致径流收集工作无法正常进行。而且稻田田面水中浮萍、水藻等水生植物较多，泥沙量也较多，往往会造成径流管管口的堵塞，导致径流无法流入径流收集装置。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的是提供一种可以同时满足水田旱田的径流收集装置，且需要避免径流量多时采用小桶无法收集径流水的问题。
[0005] 本发明采取以下技术方案:
[0006] 一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，包括径流池、收集桶、径流管、栅格罩；径流池底部具有排水口 7 ;径流池壁上有刻度，用以粗略测量径流量；各个径流池底部均设有收集桶支座6，用以固定径流量较小时收集径流水的收集桶；径流管4的一侧固定在径流池中，向下弯曲以便于收集径流水，径流管的另一侧位于稻麦轮作田中，分设三个进水口:第一进水口比水稻田面高出5-7cm，用以收集稻季非烤田期径流水，其他时期覆盖，防止雨水落入；第二进水口与水稻田面平齐，用以收集水稻种植期间烤田期径流水，其它时期遮盖；第三进水口位于径流管底部并与麦季开沟的沟底齐平，其它时期遮盖；所述栅格罩设于径流池进水口的外部，上端开口，格栅内铺设小石子。
[0007] 进一步的，还可包括流量计/水表，安装在径流管进水口与径流池之间。
[0008] 进一步的，所述径流池由水泥砌成；径流池具有顶盖，供人行走。
[0009] 进一步的，所述径流池B设于两组稻麦轮作田A之间，并呈长条形布置。
[0010] 进一步的，格栅罩上格栅的高度至少高于田面7cm。
[0011] 本发明相对于其他农田径流收集装置，径流池底部的水泥台可防止径流桶在地下水位较高的稻田中使用时浮起；本发明中设置三个径流水收集口，可分别针对水稻不同种植时期的径流情况进行收集，也可用于不同作物如麦子、红花草等种植时的径流情况的收集；本发明可以在浮萍、水藻、泥沙等较多的农田中使用而不会造成装置入水口堵塞。
附图说明
[0012] 图1是本发明中稻田径流收集平面结构示意图(A-稻麦轮作田径流池)；
[0013] 图2是实施例中径流管安装平面结构示意图(单位:cm)；
[0014] 图3是实施例中径流管安装立体结构示意图。
[0015] 图4是实施例中的栅格罩安装的立体结构示意图。
[0016] 图中:1-小麦季径流收集口 ；2_水稻季烤田期径流收集口 ；3_水稻季淹水期径流收集口 ；4_径流管；5_径流收集池；6_收集桶支座；7_径流池排水孔。
具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
[0018] 参见图1-图4，稻麦轮作系统径流收集系统包括径流池、收集桶、PVC管、流量计和栅格。径流池除顶盖外，均由水泥砌成，长3m、宽lm、高lm，顶部覆盖水泥板或青砖供人行走。径流池底部设一开口，用于及时排出径流水，若遇暴雨积满径流池时不会引起倒灌。径流池壁上有刻度，用以粗略测量径流量。径流池底部各设一个高约3cm的水泥台，用以固定径流量较小时收集径流水的水桶。径流管由PVC管构成，直径20cm。径流管的一侧固定在径流池中，向下弯曲以便于收集径流水。径流管的另一侧位于稻田中，分设三个进水口，一个比水稻田面约高出5-7cm，用以收集稻季径流水(烤田期遮盖)，另一个与水稻田面平齐，用以收集烤田期径流水(其它时期遮盖)，第三个径流管底部与麦季开沟的沟底齐平(水稻季遮盖)。若要精确测量径流量，可根据需要在径流管进水口与径流池中间安装不同规格的水表/流量计。在径流管周围设一圈格栅，格栅上格栅的高度至少高于田面7cm，格栅内铺设小石子，以防止泥沙等进入径流管内。
[0019] 本发明相对于其他农田径流收集装置，径流池底部的水泥台可防止径流桶在地下水位较高的稻田中使用时浮起；本发明中设置两个径流水收集口，可分别针对水稻不同种植时期的径流情况进行收集，也可用于不同作用种植时的径流情况的收集；本发明可以在浮萍、水藻、泥沙等较多的农田中使用而不会造成装置入水口堵塞。
Claims (5)
1.一种稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，其特征在于: 包括径流池、收集桶、径流管、栅格罩； 径流池底部具有排水口(7);径流池壁上有刻度，用以粗略测量径流量；各个径流池底部均设有收集桶支座(6)，用以固定径流量较小时收集径流水的收集桶； 径流管(4)的一侧固定在径流池中，向下弯曲以便于收集径流水，径流管的另一侧位于稻麦轮作田中，分设三个进水口:第一进水口比水稻田面高出5-7cm，用以收集稻季非烤田期径流水，其他时期覆盖；第二进水口与水稻田面平齐，用以收集水稻种植烤田期径流水，其它时期遮盖；第三进水口位于径流管底部并与麦季开沟的沟底齐平，其它时期遮盖； 所述栅格罩设于径流池进水口的外部，上端开口，格栅内铺设小石子。
2.如权利要求1所述的稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，其特征在于:还包括流量计，安装在径流管进水口与径流池之间，用以测量径流水量。
3.如权利要求1所述的稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，其特征在于:所述径流池由水泥砌成；径流池具有顶盖，供人行走。
4.如权利要求1所述的稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，其特征在于:所述径流池(B)设于两组稻麦轮作田(A)之间，并呈长条形布置。
5.如权利要求1所述的稻麦轮作系统径流收集及氮磷监测系统，其特征在于:格栅罩上格栅的高度至少高于田面7cm。
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