CN104792412A - Device and method for detecting orbital angular momentum of light field - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting orbital angular momentum of light field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792412A CN104792412A CN201510195708.1A CN201510195708A CN104792412A CN 104792412 A CN104792412 A CN 104792412A CN 201510195708 A CN201510195708 A CN 201510195708A CN 104792412 A CN104792412 A CN 104792412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting an orbital angular momentum of a light field. The device consists of an ultra-sensitive holographic surface set, a coupling grating, a silicon dioxide substrate and silicon detectors. By the method, a holographic function is integrated on a metal micro-nano structure to form ultra-sensitive holographic surfaces. Each holographic surface has a plurality of regions with different topological charges, a to-be-detected vortex light field with a radial polarized component can be coupled into a plurality of surface plasma wave focusing fields, and spreading directions of the surface plasma wave focusing fields depend on a total angular momentum of a system. After being transmitted by the coupling grating, focusing surface plasma waves generated in various regions of each holographic surface can be collected by the silicon detectors. Signals of the detectors are quantified, and large-range high-fidelity recognition on the orbital angular momentum of the light field can be implemented. Compared with the traditional method for detecting an orbital angular momentum of a light field, the method for detecting the orbital angular momentum of the light field has the advantages of microminiaturization, easiness in integration, large detection range, real-time detection capability and the like. The device and the method for detecting the orbital angular momentum of the light field can be applied to various fields of light communication and information processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical field, particularly relate to vortex light field field.
Background technology
Vortex light field refers to that a class has the special light field of helical phase wavefront or phase singularity, the distribution of its phase place on light field xsect can be described to exp (il φ), wherein φ represents position angle, l represents topological charge, here and the orbital angular momentum that each photon carries be
as the feature of vortex light field, topological charge l can be arbitrary integer, represents the number of times of light field distortion in a wavelength.Vortex light field has much special character, and such as unlimited state space, intensity are hollow ring distribution etc., all have a wide range of applications in fields such as bio-light tweezer, high dimensional data storage, free space optical communication.The numerical value of orbital angular momentum determines the pattern of vortex light field and the size of luminous power square, therefore distinguishes different orbital angular momentums and has very important practical significance.
Traditional light field orbital angular momentum detection method comprises calculation holographic method and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.But along with the increase of topological charge number, the complexity of equipment needed thereby and experiment increases progressively thereupon.Meanwhile, pick-up unit also cannot combine with microminiaturized platform due to the use of bulk optical device, does not meet the development trend of integreted phontonics.In recent two decades, along with the develop rapidly of modern processing, the processing of the metal labyrinth of sub-wavelength dimensions reaches its maturity, and which also promotes the development of micro-nano device of new generation.The discovery of surface plasma wave, under miniature scale, local and control light field provide new method and thinking.Due to features such as short wavelength, high locality and high strength, surface plasma wave reduces the yardstick needed for optical device significantly, and has significant lifting for the performance of device.Research shows, the helical phase information of vortex light field can pass to surface plasma wave, and therefore the interference pattern of surface plasma wave clearly can reflect the information of light field orbital angular momentum.Based on this feature, researchers have developed the surface plasma wave lens based on optical antenna, can be identified the orbital angular momentum of light field by the intensity distributions of searching surface plasma wave.But the attenuation characteristic of surface plasma wave determines and extra scanister must be used to go to collect near field optical information.This process substantially prolongs the time of detection, cannot meet the requirement of real-time of modern detecting.In order to improve speed of detection, detector is integrated in metal micro-nanostructure by researchers, develops a kind of surface plasma wave coupling mechanism, vortex light field can be coupled into the surface plasma wave along specific direction propagation and be detected device detected.This method meets the requirement of real-time of Detection Techniques, but but can only identify single orbital angular momentum, therefore also has a greatly reduced quality in practicality.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of device and method detecting light field orbital angular momentum, for solving, existing detection technique cannot take into account miniaturized devices simultaneously, real-time detects and the technological deficiency of large investigative range.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Detect a device for light field orbital angular momentum, comprise super clever holographic surface set, coupling grating, silicon dioxide substrates and silicon-based detector; Described super clever holographic surface set by multiple holographic surface composition of super grain husk with different geometry topological charge number, each super clever holographic surface centered by the surperficial geometric center gathered of super clever holography uniform ring around arrangement; Each super clever holographic surface all correspondence is provided with an identical coupling grating and a silicon-based detector, and the central axis direction that described coupling grating is arranged on super clever holographic surface is positioned at the surperficial focal position place of super clever holography; Described silicon dioxide substrates is arranged between coupling grating and silicon detector.
Further, in the present invention, described super clever hologram sheet bread is containing one deck gold film, and golden film is etched with interference pattern, and described interference pattern is that the vortex optical interference of surface plasma-wave and free-space propagation is formed.
Detect a method for light field orbital angular momentum, comprise the following steps:
Step one, obtain the single data splitting that prestores
By the vortex light field vertical irradiation with radial polarisation component of known orbital angular momentum in super clever holographic surface set, and the geometric center that the center of incident field and super clever holographic surface are gathered overlaps; Incident field is coupled as the surface plasma wave of focusing and propagates to each self-corresponding coupling grating side by each super clever holographic surface, the surface plasma wave that the holographic surface of super grain husk from correspondence is transmitted focuses on and is coupled and is transmitted to silicon dioxide liner bottom again and finally collected by the silicon-based detector of correspondence by coupling grating, and silicon dioxide substrates mainly plays the effect supporting and protect super clever holographic surface, top here; Carry out combining the data splitting that prestores corresponding to this orbital angular momentum of acquisition according to the signal that each silicon-based detector is collected;
Step 2, repetition step one, obtain the prediction data splitting that multiple orbital angular momentum is corresponding, forms prediction combined data set;
Step 3, the vortex light field with radial polarisation component of orbital angular momentum known in step one is replaced with the vortex light field with radial polarisation component to be measured, repeat the process of step one, obtain the data splitting with the vortex light field of radial polarisation component to be measured;
Step 4, to contrast obtaining the combined data set that prestores in the data splitting with the vortex light field of radial polarisation component to be measured and step 2, concentrate from the data splitting that prestores and select one group the prestore data splitting identical with the data splitting with the vortex light field of radial polarisation component to be measured, and then obtain orbital angular momentum corresponding to this data splitting that prestores and be this orbital angular momentum with the vortex light field of radial polarisation component to be measured.
Because the geometry topological charge number on each super clever holographic surface is different, the angle that the surface plasma wave that therefore each super clever holographic surface produces departs from super clever holographic surperficial axis is not identical yet.The different surface plasma wave in the direction of propagation is placed on the coupling grating coupling on axis and is finally collected by silicon-based detector through silicon dioxide substrates.By carrying out quantification treatment to the signal of all detectors, the high-fidelity identification of large-scale light field orbital angular momentum can be realized.
Further, in the present invention, semaphore is set as multiple grade according to the form of linear increment, the signal that each group silicon-based detector is collected is sorted out in corresponding grade respectively, obtain the grade representation of prestore data splitting and data splitting, select and represent the identic data splitting that prestores with the grade of data splitting, the orbital angular momentum that this data splitting that prestores is corresponding is this orbital angular momentum with the vortex light field of radial polarisation component to be measured.According to the combination of classic form composition, easy comparison and find corresponding orbital angular momentum fast.
Beneficial effect:
The device and method of detection light field orbital angular momentum provided by the invention can be used for the instant on a large scale of orbital angular momentum and identifies, has huge application prospect in fields such as relating to the optical communication of orbital angular momentum and information processing.Specifically:
(1), strong adaptability of the present invention, because the Cycle Length of the groove of the interference pattern on super clever holographic surface must conform to the wavelength of surface plasma wave, and the wavelength of surface plasma wave is relevant with the wavelength of incident light, so, for the incident field of different wave length, different optical maser wavelength can be adapted to by the structural parameters on the super clever holographic surface of adjustment;
(2), extendability of the present invention is strong, and by designing the super clever holographic surperficial of more multizone, various structures topological charge number combines, and can increase the investigative range of orbital angular momentum;
(3), integration of the present invention is strong, is easy to mutually integrated with the micro-nano such as detector and optical waveguide element, thus forms photonic integrated circuits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions (total angular momentum is 0) that the super clever holographic surf zone A of the present invention generates;
Fig. 4 is that (total angular momentum is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions that generates of the super clever holographic surf zone A of the present invention
);
Fig. 5 is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions (total angular momentum is 0) that the super clever holographic surf zone B of the present invention generates;
Fig. 6 is that (total angular momentum is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions that generates of the super clever holographic surf zone B of the present invention
);
Fig. 7 is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions (total angular momentum is 0) that the super clever holographic surf zone C of the present invention generates;
Fig. 8 is that (total angular momentum is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions that generates of the super clever holographic surf zone C of the present invention
);
Fig. 9 is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions (total angular momentum is 0) that the super clever holographic surf zone D of the present invention generates;
Figure 10 is that (total angular momentum is the surface plasma wave focousing field intensity distributions that generates of the super clever holographic surf zone D of the present invention
).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of sniffer detecting light field orbital angular momentum can be divided into super clever holographic surface set 2, coupling grating 3, silicon dioxide substrates 4 and silicon-based detector 5 four parts.As shown in Figure 2, the super clever holographic surface of A, B, C, D tetra-pieces that super clever holographic surface set 2 is divided into area equation, centered by each super clever holographic surface gathers 2 geometric center by super clever holographic surface, uniform ring is around arrangement, and the structural topology lotus number on each super clever holographic surface is different, the structural topology lotus number of A, B, C, D tetra-blocks is respectively-1,1,2 ,-2.The design on super clever holographic surface, based on the interference pattern between surface plasma wave and the vortex light field of free-space propagation, utilizes the method for focused-ion-beam lithography, by the processing of the interference pattern of design on golden film surface, thus forms super clever holographic surface.The thickness of gold film is about 200 nanometers, and the etching depth of interference pattern is about 75 nanometers, and the focal length corresponding to each block is 10 microns.Each super clever holographic surface all correspondence is provided with an identical coupling grating 3 and a silicon-based detector 5, the central axis direction that described coupling grating 3 is arranged on super clever holographic surface is positioned at the surperficial focal position place of super clever holography, and the etching depth of coupling grating 3 is 200 nanometers, width is about 500 nanometers, the cycle is 200 nanometers, dutycycle is 0.5; Described silicon dioxide substrates arranges 4 between coupling grating 3 and silicon detector 5.
Be that (circular polarization vortex light field can be considered as being the superposition of radial polarisation and angle polarization for the circular polarization vortex light field of 632 nanometers by a branch of wavelength, an additional phase term) the super clever holographic surface of vertical irradiation, and guarantee that the geometric center position that light field center and super clever holographic surface gather 2 overlaps.Focus incoming light is the different four bundle surface plasma waves in the direction of propagation by four super clever holographic surface energy of super clever holographic surface set 2.The surface plasma wave of focusing is passed to the silicon-based detector 5 below silicon dioxide substrates 4 by the optical grating construction being positioned near focal point, thus silicon-based detector 5 will be recorded in four super clever holographic surfaces along the surface plasma wave intensity that central axis direction is propagated.
Because the direction of propagation of surface plasma wave focousing field is determined by total angular momentum.Specifically, for arbitrary super clever holographic surface, as the topological charge l of the light field orbital angular momentum of incidence
ican with structural topology lotus l
goffset, namely meet l
i+ l
gwhen=0, the axis along this super clever holographic surface is propagated by surface plasma wave.Otherwise, the topological charge l of incident light field orbital angular momentum
icannot with structural topology lotus l
goffset, then remaining angular momentum will be delivered to surface plasma wave, cause the deflection of the direction of propagation of surface plasma wave.When Fig. 3-Figure 10 illustrates different total angular momentums, the analog result of the intensity distributions of the surface plasma wave in each holographic surface of super grain husk.Can obviously find out from figure, when total angular momentum is non-vanishing, axis will be departed from the direction of propagation of surface plasma wave, and deflection angle can increase along with the increase of total angular momentum.Therefore, the coupling efficiency being placed on the coupling grating 3 on the holographic surperficial axis of each super grain husk is inversely proportional to deflection angle, and deflection angle is larger, transmits and the signal collected by silicon-based detector 5 is also more weak via coupling grating 3.
Because the structural topology lotus number on each super clever holographic surface is different, therefore for the incident field carrying different orbital angular momentum, also can there is significant difference in the collection signal of the silicon-based detector 5 in each region.Utilizing this otherness, by reasonably quantizing the signal of four silicon-based detector 5, just can realize the identification of large-scale light field orbital angular momentum.Table 1 illustrates for distinguishing the signal intensity contrast figure that the silicon-based detector 5 of light field orbital angular momentum is collected.
Table 1
In table 1, each arranges the normalization numerical value of four silicon-based detector 5 collection signals when represent the light field incidence of carrying certain tracks angular momentum, and wherein collection signal is quantified as S1-S5 five grades with the form of linear increment.For shown 13 different orbital angular momentums, the burst after the quantification corresponding to four silicon-based detector 5 is all unique, therefore can realize the effective identification to the light field of carrying these orbital angular momentums.Be worth it is emphasized that the number of distinguishable orbital angular momentum is much larger than silicon-based detector 5 quantity of required use.As can be seen here, this method has device miniaturization for detecting light field orbital angular momentum, and speed of detection is fast, and investigative range is wide and be easy to the feature such as integrated.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. detect a device for light field orbital angular momentum, it is characterized in that: comprise super clever holographic surface set (2), coupling grating (3), silicon dioxide substrates (4) and silicon-based detector (5); (2) are gathered by multiple holographic surface composition of super grain husk with different geometry topological charge number in described super clever holographic surface, and centered by each super clever holographic surperficial geometric center gathering (2) by super clever holographic surface, uniform ring is around arrangement; Each super clever holographic surface all correspondence is provided with an identical coupling grating (3) and a silicon-based detector (5), and described coupling grating (3) to be arranged in super clever holographic surperficial central axis direction and to be positioned at the surperficial focal position place of super clever holography; Described silicon dioxide substrates arranges (4) between coupling grating (3) and silicon detector (5).
2. the device of detection light field orbital angular momentum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described super clever hologram sheet bread is containing one deck gold film, and golden film is etched with interference pattern, described interference pattern is that the vortex optical interference of surface plasma-wave and free-space propagation is formed.
3. detect a method for light field orbital angular momentum, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one, obtain the single data splitting that prestores
By vortex light field (1) vertical irradiation with radial polarisation component of known orbital angular momentum on super clever holographic surface set (2), and the geometric center that (2) are gathered on the center of incident field and super clever holographic surface overlaps; Incident field is coupled as the surface plasma wave of focusing and propagates to each self-corresponding coupling grating (3) side by each super clever holographic surface, and the surface plasma wave that the holographic surface of super grain husk from correspondence is transmitted focuses on and is coupled and is transmitted to silicon dioxide substrates (4) again and finally collected by the silicon-based detector of correspondence (5) by coupling grating (3); Carry out combining the data splitting that prestores corresponding to this orbital angular momentum of acquisition according to the signal that each silicon-based detector (5) is collected;
Step 2, repetition step one, obtain the prediction data splitting that multiple orbital angular momentum is corresponding, forms prediction combined data set;
Step 3, the vortex light field (1) with radial polarisation component of orbital angular momentum known in step one is replaced with the vortex light field (1) with radial polarisation component to be measured, repeat the process of step one, obtain the data splitting with the vortex light field (1) of radial polarisation component to be measured;
Step 4, to contrast obtaining the combined data set that prestores in the data splitting with the vortex light field (1) of radial polarisation component to be measured and step 2, concentrate from the data splitting that prestores and select one group the prestore data splitting identical with the data splitting with the vortex light field (1) of radial polarisation component to be measured, and then obtain orbital angular momentum corresponding to this data splitting that prestores and be this orbital angular momentum with the vortex light field (1) of radial polarisation component to be measured.
4. the method for detection light field orbital angular momentum according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: semaphore is set as multiple grade according to the form of linear increment, the signal that each group silicon-based detector (5) is collected is sorted out in corresponding grade respectively, obtain the grade representation of prestore data splitting and data splitting, select and represent the identic data splitting that prestores with the grade of data splitting, the orbital angular momentum that this data splitting that prestores is corresponding is this orbital angular momentum with the vortex light field (1) of radial polarisation component to be measured.
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| CN113063506A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 电子科技大学 | Optical vortex topological charge near-field detection structure and method of symmetrical porous structure |
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