CN104792052A - Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system - Google Patents
Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792052A CN104792052A CN201510208744.7A CN201510208744A CN104792052A CN 104792052 A CN104792052 A CN 104792052A CN 201510208744 A CN201510208744 A CN 201510208744A CN 104792052 A CN104792052 A CN 104792052A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/26—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for frozen goods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/06—Damage
Abstract
Provided is a novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system. A primary-throttling intermediate-incomplete-cooling one-machine double-stage compression refrigerating system is composed of a one-machine double-stage compressor, a first oil separator, a second oil separator, a mechanical filter, a marine condenser, an intermediate cooler, a first throttling device, a second throttling device, a drying cooler, an evaporator and a gas-liquid separator, and a single-stage compressor is arranged between the one-machine double-stage compressor and the evaporator in series. The novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system mainly solves the problems that the marine one-machine double-stage compression refrigerating system has an overlarge compression ratio under an ultralow-temperature refrigeration working condition, and the double-stage compressor is in a full-load operation condition or even an overload operation condition for a long period. According to the technical scheme, the single-stage compressor is arranged between the one-machine double-stage compressor and the evaporator in series, so the compression ratio when the one-machine double-stage compressor works to achieve ultralow temperature is reduced, and the use efficiency of the compressors is improved; in addition, the system saves more energy in the operation process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to refrigeration and low temperature field, relate to a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system, particularly relate to a kind of three stage compression super low temperature refrigeration system peculiar to vessel.
Background technology
In deep-sea fishing operation process, most precious catches all need low temperature, and even Ultro-low temperature freezing is fresh-keeping, freezes ,-35 DEG C of refrigerations as krill adopts-40 DEG C; Tuna adopts-55 DEG C and freezes ,-50 DEG C of refrigerations etc.In order to better preserve the quality of catches, produce one of ultra-low temperature surroundings necessary requirement becoming ocean fishing vessel.
At present, the refrigeration system being commonly used to produce ultra-low temperature surroundings has two kinds: double-stage compressive refrigerating system and overlapping compression refrigerating system.In theory, the low temperature range that overlapping compression refrigerating system can be produced is much lower compared with double-stage compressive refrigerating system, but the cold-producing medium that overlapping compression refrigerating system adopts differs larger refrigerant mixed by 2 kinds or two or more boiling point usually, the component ratio of mix refrigerant and the change of composition are by the runnability of direct influential system, thus overlapping compression refrigerating system is very responsive for the leakage of cold-producing medium, in a prior art situation, overlapping compression refrigerating system residing for fishing boat wave environment under run time also there are problems, thus most of fishing boat generally adopts double-stage compressive refrigerating system at present.Single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system can produce the low temperature of-60 DEG C in theory, but under this worst cold case, because whole system only uses a compressor, thus the high and low compression ratio of arbitrarily downgrading of single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system is very large, compressor is made often to be at full capacity even overload operation state, this not only can impact the service life of compressor, and the refrigeration of single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system also can be had a greatly reduced quality simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and defect; a kind of novel three stage compression refrigeration ultra-low temperature systems is proposed; by the method for a single-stage compressor of connecting in single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system; system cloud gray model is more energy-conservation; and while guarantee refrigeration; reach the compression ratio of reduction system double-stage compressor, the effect of protection compressor.
In order to overcome the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system, comprise single-stage compressor, the first oil eliminator, mechanical filter, single machine compression with double stage machine, the second oil eliminator, bunker oil separator, first throttle device, intercooler, drying cooling device, the second throttling arrangement, evaporimeter, gas-liquid separator, it is characterized in that: described single-stage compressor, between single machine compression with double stage machine and evaporimeter, is provided with mechanical filter between single-stage compressor and single machine compression with double stage machine; The outlet of described single-stage compressor is connected with the first oil eliminator entrance; The outlet of the first oil eliminator is connected with the entrance of mechanical filter; The outlet of mechanical filter is connected with the low-pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine; The outlet of single machine compression with double stage machine is connected with the second oil eliminator entrance; The outlet of the second oil eliminator is connected with marine condenser entrance; The outlet of marine condenser divides two-way, and a road enters intercooler after the throttling of described first throttle device, and another road is connected with the entrance of device for drying and filtering with after intercooler heat exchange; The outlet of intercooler is connected with the hiigh pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine; The outlet of drying cooling device is connected with the second throttling device portal; The outlet of the second throttling arrangement is connected with the entrance of evaporimeter; The outlet of evaporimeter is connected with gas-liquid separator entrance; The outlet of gas-liquid separator is connected with the air entry of single-stage compressor.
Single-stage compressor and single machine compression with double stage machine are piston compressor.
First, second oil eliminator, except having the function be separated with refrigerant vapour by lubricating oil, also has the function to compressor oil-supplying simultaneously, effectively reduces the loss of compressor lubricant oil, ensure that the normal operation of compressor.
First throttle device, the second throttling arrangement are electric expansion valve, more accurate in the degree of superheat of regulating system, can effective elevator system operational efficiency.
Intercooler is plate type heat exchanger, and heat transfer effect is better, and heat exchange area is less, is suitable for using on fishing boat.
Mechanical filter is pneumatic filter, plays as single machine compression with double stage machine air-breathing carries out the effect of filtering.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
In a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention, a single-stage compressor is arranged in series between single machine compression with double stage machine and evaporimeter, this not only effectively reduces the high and low compression ratio of arbitrarily downgrading of single machine compression with double stage machine, prevent the long overload operation of single machine compression with double stage machine, and the overall wasted work of compressor is less at the same conditions.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system (band regenerator) of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the pressure-enthalpy chart of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system (band regenerator) of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the pressure-enthalpy chart of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system refrigerant condition point (band regenerator) of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system refrigerant condition point of the present invention;
Wherein: 1, single-stage compressor; 2, single machine compression with double stage machine; 3, the first oil eliminator; 4, mechanical filter; 5, marine condenser; 6, first throttle device; 9, the second throttling arrangement; 7, intercooler; 8, device for drying and filtering; 10, evaporimeter; 11, gas-liquid separator; 12, regenerator; 13, the second oil eliminator.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention realizes reducing the compression ratio of single machine compression with double stage machine when producing ultralow temperature by being arranged in series a single-stage compressor between single machine compression with double stage machine and evaporimeter, makes system cloud gray model more energy-conservation.Evaporimeter low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant steam out is first sucked by single-stage compressor and compresses, refrigerant vapour after compression is sucked by unit double-stage compressor low-pressure stage cylinder after mechanical filter filters, mix with the refrigerant vapour from intercooler after compression, then sucked by unit double-stage compressor hiigh pressure stage cylinder, be finally compressed to condensing state and enter in condenser the compression process completing compressor.
The operating process realized for making the present invention and creation characteristic are easy to understand, and below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, set forth the present invention further.Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system (band regenerator) of the present invention, also be the systematic schematic diagram of certain actual items, comprise single-stage compressor 1, first oil eliminator 3, mechanical filter 4, single machine compression with double stage machine 2, second oil eliminator 13, bunker oil separator 5, first throttle device 6, intercooler 7, drying cooling device 8, second throttling arrangement 9, evaporimeter 10, gas-liquid separator 11, regenerator 12, it is characterized in that: described single-stage compressor 1 is between single machine compression with double stage machine 2 and evaporimeter 11, mechanical filter 4 is provided with between single-stage compressor 1 and single machine compression with double stage machine 2, in entering of evaporimeter 10, outlet conduit is provided with regenerator 12, the outlet of described single-stage compressor 1 is connected with the first oil eliminator 3 entrance, the outlet of the first oil eliminator 3 is connected with the entrance of mechanical filter 4, the outlet of mechanical filter 4 is connected with the low-pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine 2, the outlet of single machine compression with double stage machine 2 is connected with the second oil eliminator 13 entrance, the outlet of the second oil eliminator 13 is connected with marine condenser 5 entrance, the outlet of marine condenser 5 divides two-way, and a road enters intercooler 7 after the throttling of described first throttle device 6, and another road is connected with the entrance of device for drying and filtering 8 with after intercooler 7 heat exchange, the outlet of intercooler 7 is connected with the hiigh pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine 2, the outlet of drying cooling device 8 is connected with the second throttling arrangement 9 entrance, the outlet of the second throttling arrangement 9 is connected through the entrance of regenerator 12 with evaporimeter 10, the outlet of evaporimeter 10 is connected with gas-liquid separator 11 entrance, the outlet of gas-liquid separator 11 is connected with the entrance of regenerator 12, the outlet of regenerator 12 is connected with the air entry of single-stage compressor 1.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of not exclusively cooling three stage compression kind of refrigeration cycle (band regenerator) in the middle of a throttling, and Fig. 3 is that system (band regenerator) runs pressure-enthalpy chart, and Fig. 5 is system (band regenerator) cold-producing medium running status point schematic diagram.
Working medium workflow: it is a that evaporimeter 10 exports refrigerant condition, after gas-liquid separator 11, the gaseous refrigerant of a state is sucked by single-stage compressor 1 and is compressed to state b after regenerator 12 is by the refrigerant heat of h state to state a '; In order to prevent in the machine oil of single-stage compressor 1 in running and discharging refrigerant containing impurity, thus between single-stage compressor 1 and single machine compression with double stage machine 2, the first oil eliminator 3, mechanical filter 4 is provided with, b state refrigerant vapour after filtering is sucked by the low-pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor and is compressed to c state, then with the unsaturated refrigerant mixed of the g state after first throttle device 6 throttling from intercooler 7 to state d, then sucked by the hiigh pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor 2 and be compressed to e state; Enter into marine condenser 5 in order to prevent the machine oil of single machine compression with double stage machine 2 with high temperature refrigerant and affect its heat exchange property, e state refrigerant vapour enters marine condenser 5 after the second oil eliminator 13 filters, and is condensed to saturation state f; Marine condenser outlet point two-way, one road cold-producing medium enters intercooler after first throttle device 6 throttling to state g, sucked by the hiigh pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor 2 subsequently, another road cold-producing medium and intercooler 7 carry out heat exchange and are crossed by state f being as cold as state h; Crossed after h state cold-producing medium enters heat exchanger 12 and a state refrigerant heat exchanger successively after device for drying and filtering 8 and be as cold as j state; J state cold-producing medium enters the second throttling arrangement 9, and is throttled into state k, becomes a state refrigerant vapour after entering into evaporimeter 10 evaporation endothermic subsequently.
In this project, in design conditions: evaporating temperature-65 DEG C, at condensation temperature 40 DEG C, select single machine compression with double stage machine, adopt incomplete cooling refrigeration system in the middle of a throttling, adopt R404A as cold-producing medium, its evaporating pressure is 35.485kPa, condensing pressure is 1814.6kPa, trying to achieve the best intermediate pressure of refrigeration system under this operating mode according to graphing method is 210.412 kPa, the compression ratio of system high pressure level is 8.624, the principle of 8 is generally no more than according to piston compressor compression ratio, system high pressure level is in overload operation state, now total wasted work of compressor is 112.4kJ/kg, but in the methods of the invention, system changes three stage compression into by original two stages of compression, be 4 according to the compression ratio of single-stage compressor, then the outlet pressure of single-stage compressor is 141.94 kPa, and the intermediate pressure that can obtain unit two-shipper compressor according to compression ratio equal principle is 507.5, and the compression ratio that now height is arbitrarily downgraded is 3.6, much smaller than 8, compressor operation is normal, and total wasted work of two compressors is 100.31 kJ/kg, and system cloud gray model is more energy-conservation.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention, comprise single-stage compressor 1, first oil eliminator 3, mechanical filter 4, single machine compression with double stage machine 2, second oil eliminator 13, bunker oil separator 5, first throttle device 6, intercooler 7, drying cooling device 8, second throttling arrangement 9, evaporimeter 10, gas-liquid separator 11, it is characterized in that: described single-stage compressor 1, between single machine compression with double stage machine 2 and evaporimeter 11, is provided with mechanical filter 4 between single-stage compressor 1 and single machine compression with double stage machine 2; The outlet of described single-stage compressor 1 is connected with the first oil eliminator 3 entrance; The outlet of the first oil eliminator 3 is connected with the entrance of mechanical filter 4; The outlet of mechanical filter 4 is connected with the low-pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine 2; The outlet of single machine compression with double stage machine 2 is connected with the second oil eliminator 13 entrance; The outlet of the second oil eliminator 13 is connected with marine condenser 5 entrance; The outlet of marine condenser 5 divides two-way, and a road enters intercooler 7 after the throttling of described first throttle device 6, and another road is connected with the entrance of device for drying and filtering 8 with after intercooler 7 heat exchange; The outlet of intercooler 7 is connected with the hiigh pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine 2; The outlet of drying cooling device 8 is connected with the second throttling arrangement 9 entrance; The outlet of the second throttling arrangement 9 is connected with the entrance of evaporimeter 10; The outlet of evaporimeter 10 is connected with gas-liquid separator 11 entrance; The outlet of gas-liquid separator 11 is connected with the air entry of single-stage compressor 1.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of not exclusively cooling three stage compression kind of refrigeration cycle in the middle of a throttling, and Fig. 4 is system cloud gray model pressure-enthalpy chart, and Fig. 6 is system refrigerant running status point schematic diagram.
Working medium workflow: it is a that evaporimeter 10 exports refrigerant condition, after gas-liquid separator 11, the gaseous refrigerant of a state is sucked by single-stage compressor 1 and is compressed to state b; In order to prevent in the machine oil of single-stage compressor 1 in running and discharging refrigerant containing impurity, thus between single-stage compressor 1 and single machine compression with double stage machine 2, the first oil eliminator 3, mechanical filter 4 is provided with, b state refrigerant vapour after filtering is sucked by the low-pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor and is compressed to c state, then with the unsaturated refrigerant mixed of the g state after first throttle device 6 throttling from intercooler 7 to state d, then sucked by the hiigh pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor 2 and be compressed to e state; Enter into marine condenser 5 in order to prevent the machine oil of single machine compression with double stage machine 2 with high temperature refrigerant and affect its heat exchange property, e state refrigerant vapour enters marine condenser 5 after the second oil eliminator 13 filters, and is condensed to saturation state f; Marine condenser outlet point two-way, one road cold-producing medium enters intercooler after first throttle device 6 throttling to state g, sucked by the hiigh pressure stage air entry of unit double-stage compressor 2 subsequently, another road cold-producing medium and intercooler 7 carry out heat exchange and are crossed by state f being as cold as state h; H state cold-producing medium enters the second throttling arrangement 9 through device for drying and filtering 8, and is throttled into state k, becomes a state refrigerant vapour after entering into evaporimeter 10 evaporation endothermic subsequently.
Operation characteristic of the present invention: by being arranged in series a single-stage compressor between single machine compression with double stage machine and evaporimeter, effectively reduce when single machine compression with double stage mechanism gets ultralow temperature high, low-pressure stage compression ratio, avoid single machine compression with double stage machine overload operation, extend the service life of single machine compression with double stage machine, while improving double-stage compressor working condition, the energy consumption of compressor of a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention comparatively simultaneously, single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system reduces nearly 11%, longtime running is more energy-conservation, a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system structure of the present invention is simple simultaneously, series operation line arrangement is simple, compared to traditional single machine compression with double stage refrigeration system, super low temperature refrigeration system advantage of the present invention is obvious.
More than analyze known, a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system of the present invention, effectively improve the working condition of double-stage compressor, significantly reduce the high and low compression ratio of arbitrarily downgrading of double-stage compressor, prolongation compressor makes the total energy consumption of system compressors reduce nearly 11% while service life, and power savings advantages is obvious; In addition, Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system structural configuration of the present invention is simple, and unit floor space amplification is less, with the obvious advantage when the ocean fishing vessel needing ultra-low temperature surroundings uses.
Claims (5)
1. a Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system, comprise single-stage compressor (1), first oil eliminator (3), mechanical filter (4), single machine compression with double stage machine (2), second oil eliminator (13), marine condenser (5), first throttle device (6), intercooler (7), drying cooling device (8), second throttling arrangement (9), evaporimeter (10), gas-liquid separator (11), it is characterized in that: single-stage compressor (1) is between single machine compression with double stage machine (2) and evaporimeter (11), mechanical filter (4) is provided with between single-stage compressor (1) and single machine compression with double stage machine (2), the outlet of single-stage compressor (1) is connected with the first oil eliminator (3) entrance, the outlet of the first oil eliminator (3) is connected with the entrance of mechanical filter (4), the outlet of mechanical filter (4) is connected with the low-pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine (2), the outlet of single machine compression with double stage machine (2) is connected with the second oil eliminator (13) entrance, the outlet of the second oil eliminator (13) is connected with marine condenser (5) entrance, the outlet of marine condenser (5) divides two-way, and a road enters intercooler (7) after first throttle device (6) throttling, and another road is connected with the entrance of device for drying and filtering (8) with after intercooler (7) heat exchange, the outlet of intercooler (7) is connected with the hiigh pressure stage air entry of single machine compression with double stage machine (2), the outlet of drying cooling device (8) is connected with the second throttling arrangement (9) entrance, the outlet of the second throttling arrangement (9) is connected with the entrance of evaporimeter (10), the outlet of evaporimeter (10) is connected with gas-liquid separator (11) entrance, the outlet of gas-liquid separator (11) is connected with the air entry of single-stage compressor (1).
2. a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described single-stage compressor (1) and single machine compression with double stage machine (2) are piston compressor.
3. a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first throttle device (6), the second throttling arrangement (9) are electric expansion valve.
4. a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described intercooler (7) is plate type heat exchanger.
5. a kind of Novel ultralow-temperature compression refrigerating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mechanical filter (4) is pneumatic filter.
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CN106052178A (en) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南大学 | Two-stage refrigerating circulation system with economizer and oil cooling compression |
CN111043802A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-21 | 上海海洋大学 | Single-machine two-stage refrigeration system monitoring software |
CN111102759A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-05 | 南京久鼎精机冷冻设备有限公司 | Energy-saving CO2Double-machine double-stage refrigeration multi-split system |
CN113137774A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Software-combined two-stage compression refrigeration cycle thermodynamic analysis method |
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CN106052178A (en) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南大学 | Two-stage refrigerating circulation system with economizer and oil cooling compression |
CN111102759A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-05 | 南京久鼎精机冷冻设备有限公司 | Energy-saving CO2Double-machine double-stage refrigeration multi-split system |
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CN113137774A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-20 | 上海海洋大学 | Software-combined two-stage compression refrigeration cycle thermodynamic analysis method |
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