CN104779915B - Conflux detection method and system, solar power station for header box - Google Patents
Conflux detection method and system, solar power station for header box Download PDFInfo
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- CN104779915B CN104779915B CN201510208388.9A CN201510208388A CN104779915B CN 104779915 B CN104779915 B CN 104779915B CN 201510208388 A CN201510208388 A CN 201510208388A CN 104779915 B CN104779915 B CN 104779915B
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- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of conflux detection method and system for header box, verify to reduce the cailure rate of false positives of the header box in photovoltaic array by the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close input.Present invention also offers a kind of solar power plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of solar thermal power generation, and in particular to a kind of conflux detection method and system for header box,
And a kind of solar power station.
Background technology
With the worsening shortages of the energy, the exploitation of renewable green energy resource are increasingly paid close attention to by people, especially with
The utilization of solar energy is especially favored by common people.Solar energy is used as cleaning, safe, the sustainable and reliable energy, the sun
Energy photovoltaic system is expanding rapidly its application in terms of the energy and industrial technology exploitation.In recent years, changed as solar energy
The development and application of the photovoltaic cell and large area photovoltaic module device of medium causes common concern.With monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon,
Amorphous silicon membrane etc. shows huge for extensive use of the solar panel in business and the facility such as residential building of representative
Big potentiality, such as thin film solar photovoltaic template can replace some building elements, such as building wall, window.
Solar energy photovoltaic system power generation situation, which is directly affected in the economic benefit of enterprise, such as the photovoltaic system course of work, to be occurred
Failure can substantially reduce photovoltaic system generating capacity, influence business economic interests.In actual applications for different projects, light
The arrangement of photovoltaic array is different, and this real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis just to photovoltaic array brings certain difficulty, and solar-electricity
Whether normal work will directly influence the safety and gross generation of solar power station to pond group string, therefore to each solar cell
The real-time current monitoring of group string and its fault diagnosis are just particularly necessary.
At present, the solar panel species in industry is various, is differed greatly in terms of component parameter, for different designs side
Case, can also use various forms of inverters, and have distinctive photovoltaic array arrangement according to project characteristic.In view of these are former
Cause, the building form of photovoltaic array is varied, causes each solar battery group string working characteristics in photovoltaic array to differ greatly,
Therefore it is difficult to which single foundation component characteristic or arrangement mode, which give solar battery group string working condition to delimit, determines numerical value model
Enclose.The diagnosis for photovoltaic system is confluxed just for one-level in the prior art, can not be diagnosed for individually entering end,
For the working condition not good solution of photovoltaic solar cell group string.The method of existing diagnosis has：
1st, fuse alarm method
When the current loop current value monitored is zero, then " fuse alarm " is produced, the wherein drift value can be set.
Such a method defect is：For the time-division of daily morning and evening, by illumination or shadow effect, it is most likely that some sun
Energy battery pack string remains unchanged, and simply solar battery group string electric current is smaller for generating, and some components do not generate electricity.According to diagnostic rule,
Fuse alarm will be produced to the solar battery group string not generated electricity, the solar battery group string that warning does not generate electricity occurs in that different
Often, and actually this phenomenon is normal, and the component not generated electricity is also still in normal operating conditions.
It can be seen that, existing this fuse alarm decision logic will introduce daily wrong report.
2nd, the out-of-limit method of electric current low value
The out-of-limit method of estimated current low value is that the electric current in that actually enters of all inputs in certain one-level header box is averaged
Value is multiplied by a safety coefficient (typically taking 50%) more than 0 less than 1 and judged as lower limit value Imin.When a certain input
Electric currentOutputting alarm signal, wherein, n is the circuitry number for actually accessing this grade of header box.
Such a method defect is：Conflux monitoring for multistage, before the current value of each input is probably in header box
The sum of the multi-string battery component electric current of face multistage header box access.It is each in two grades of header boxs for example for two grades of monitoring of confluxing
The current value of input is the multi-string battery component electric current sum of one-level header box access.It is same because arrangement position is different
The number for the solar battery group string that each input of two grades of header boxs is accessed may be different, and for example input 1 passes through one-level
The string battery component of header box access 5, input 2 passes through the string components of one-level header box access 3.In this case, to be all defeated
Enter that end is unified to be set the need for a fixed lower limit value can not just meet use.In addition, the installation site of percentage of batteries component
In the afternoon or some moment may be blocked by building, the electric current for the battery component output being blocked will be significantly lower than other batteries
The electric current of component output, this is normal operating conditions, should not outputting alarm information.But the current this out-of-limit method of electric current low value
The header box or solar battery group crossfire that are less than lower limit value in normal operating conditions but output current can be warned, produce mistake
Report.The photovoltaic plant confluxed even for only one-level, some battery components are in the afternoon, morning or some moment may also be built
Thing is built to block, when there are indivedual solar battery group string output loop electric currents significantly lower than other loops, what the criterion was produced
Warning information is still likely to be wrong report.The alarm signal that this change because of natural conditions is produced, can cause higher wrong report
Rate.
3rd, the out-of-limit method of electric current high level
The out-of-limit method of estimated current high level is that the electric current in that actually enters of all inputs in certain one-level header box is averaged
Value is multiplied by a safety coefficient (generally 150%) more than 1 and judged as ceiling value Imax.When the electricity of a certain input
StreamOutputting alarm signal, wherein, n, which takes, actually accesses this grade of header box circuitry number.
Such a method defect is not enough similar to the out-of-limit method of electric current low value described above.For example, for two grades of prisons that conflux
The current value of each input is the sum of the multi-string battery component electric current of one-level header box access in control, two grades of header boxs.Due to
Arranging, position is different, and the solar battery group string number that each input of same two grades of header boxs is accessed may be different.
In this case, a fixed ceiling value is set to will be unable to the need for meeting use for all inputs are unified.In addition, part
The installation site of battery component the morning or some moment may than other battery components, ground is exposed under sunlight earlier or more,
The electric current that the electric current of so exposed battery component output will be exported apparently higher than other battery components, this is normal work shape
State, should not outputting alarm information.But the current this out-of-limit method of electric current high level can be by normal operating conditions but output electricity
Stream produces wrong report more than the header box of ceiling value or solar battery group crossfire police.The photovoltaic confluxed even for only one-level
Power station, in the afternoon, in the case that morning or some moment power stations blocked by building, can have part solar cell therein
Group string exposes situation in the sun earlier than other battery strings, and now the electric current of indivedual solar battery group string output loops will be bright
Aobvious to be higher than other loops, the warning information that the criterion is produced still is likely to be wrong report.This change because of illumination condition is produced
Raw alarm signal, can cause higher rate of false alarm.
Also exist using whether current changing rate undergos mutation to judge whether to produce DC Line Fault electric arc in the prior art
Technical scheme, the technical scheme can reduce false drop rate.But, first, this technical scheme only takes into account electric current all the way
Rate of change, situations such as not blocked in view of building as described above can cause the curent change of solar battery group string, therefore
Hinder false drop rate still higher；Secondly, in the case where there is multistage header box, the technical scheme is only applicable to afterbody and confluxed
Current acquisition and detection between the output end and inverter of case, and single solar battery group string or upper one can not be directed to
The failure of level header box is detected that so, technical staff is to know to there occurs failure, but is not aware that failure occurs at what
Place.
No matter any of the above described detection method, be in time domain or frequency domain, it is individually defeated to one of header box
Enter end or output end carries out the contrast of current value or rate of change, it is impossible to exclude the influence that environmental factor is caused, cailure rate of false positives
It is higher.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be reduce photovoltaic system in failure false drop rate, be this The embodiment provides as follows
Technical scheme：
A kind of detection method of confluxing for header box, the header box includes multiple inputs and an output end, often
The output end of individual input connection solar battery group string or upper level header box, methods described includes：Sense each input
Current value；Calculate the rate of change of the current value of each input；Judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than the
One predetermined value, or the rate of change of the current value of the input are more than second predetermined value, wherein the first predetermined value is less than
Zero and the second predetermined value be more than zero, if it is not, then judge the input connection solar battery group string or upper level converge
Flow case and be in normal operating conditions.
Preferably, methods described also includes：If the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first predetermined value, sentence
It is disconnected that whether the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close one or more of the other input is again smaller than the first predetermined value,
Or if the rate of change of the current value of the input is more than second predetermined value, judge whether adjacent or close one or
The rate of change of the current value of a number of other inputs is also greater than the second predetermined value, if it is, judging that the input is connected
Solar battery group string or upper level header box be in normal operating conditions, if it is not, then judge the input connection too
Positive energy battery pack string or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
Preferably, methods described also includes：The solar battery group string or upper level header box connected if input
In abnormal operation, then alerted.
A kind of detecting system of confluxing for header box, the header box includes multiple inputs and an output end, often
The output end of individual input connection solar battery group string or upper level header box, the system includes：Current sensing unit, is used
In the current value for sensing each input；Data processing unit, the rate of change of the current value for calculating each input；Judge single
Member, for judging that solar battery group string or upper level header box that the input connects are according to the rate of change of current value
It is no to be in normal operating conditions, if the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first predetermined value or the input
Current value rate of change be more than second predetermined value judged result be no, then judge the input connect solar battery group
String or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, wherein the first predetermined value is less than zero, the second predetermined value is more than
Zero.
Preferably, the judging unit is additionally operable to：Make a reservation for if the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first
Value, judges whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close one or more of the other input is pre- again smaller than described first
Definite value, or if the rate of change of the current value of the input is more than second predetermined value, judge whether adjacent or close
The rate of change of the current value of one or more of the other input is also greater than the second predetermined value, if it is, judging the input
The solar battery group string or upper level header box of connection is held to be in normal operating conditions, if it is not, then judging that the input connects
The solar battery group string or upper level header box connect is in abnormal operation.
Preferably, the system also includes：Alarm Unit, for judging there is input connection too in the judging unit
Positive energy battery pack string or upper level header box are in after abnormal operation, are alerted.
A kind of solar power station, the solar power station includes solar battery group string, N grades of header boxs and as above
Conflux detecting system, wherein N is the integer more than or equal to 2, wherein except one-level header box input directly with the solar energy
Battery pack series winding connects outer, and at least one described input of other any level header boxs connects with the output end of upper level header box
Connect, the detecting system of confluxing detects that the output current of N grades of header boxs connects through inverter to confluxing for header boxs at different levels
Enter grid entry point.
The method and system of the embodiment of the present invention are to header box, using the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close input
Mutually to be verified, if the rate of change of the current value of a certain input there occurs that low value is out-of-limit or high level is out-of-limit, and phase
Synchronously generation low value is out-of-limit or high level is out-of-limit for the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs, then it is assumed that cause this
The reason for mutation of current value is adjacent or close solar battery group string into or out shadow occlusion simultaneously, is still recognized
The solar battery group string or upper level header box connected for input is normal, it is to avoid become using the electric current of input in itself
The failure erroneous judgement that rate is brought.
Moreover, the present invention is that the input input current of header box is sensed, i.e. to each input electricity of header box
Stream is detected, trouble point can be more accurately judged, so as to be overhauled.
Brief description of the drawings
Next the specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the bus structure signal of the solar power plant of two grades of photovoltaic arrays that conflux of use of embodiments of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the detection method of confluxing of embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the detecting system of confluxing of the solar power plant of embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, shown in figure is a part for a solar power plant, that is, illustrate only two-stage and conflux composition
A part for photovoltaic array, in actual applications, the photovoltaic array can continue to increase and conflux rank.Photovoltaic battle array in the present embodiment
Assembly connecting mode is in row：X (x >=1) solar panels constitute a solar battery group string, and 1 one-level is entered using n
Conflux, i.e., n solar battery group string is confluxed by the input 1 of same one-level header box to input n, simultaneously
Enter 1 using m again two grades conflux, i.e., the electric current by the output end output of m one-level header box passes through same two grades of header boxs
Input 1 confluxed to input m, finally unify to be exported by the output end of two grades of header boxs.I represents header box and respectively inputted
Hold the current value of input.I represents the output current value of header box output end.N represent that one-level header box can access it is maximum too
Positive energy battery pack string quantity, such as enters 1 one-level header box for model 8, and be up to 8 inputs at most can access 8 sun
Energy battery pack string, in actual use, different one-level header boxs may actually access solar battery group string in exact arrangement
Quantity is different, and such as Z1-H1 header boxs are actually only connected to 7 input connection solar battery group strings, Z1-H2 header box realities
Border is connected with 6 input solar battery group strings.M represents two grades of header boxs and connects the maximum branch road quantity that can be accessed, such as
Model 10 enters 1 two grades of header boxs, and be up to 10 inputs can at most connect the output end of 10 one-level header boxs.If one
Level header box is 8 models for entering one, then the electric current of this 10 two grades of each input of header box for entering 1 will be an one-level remittance
The output of case is flowed, is the sum of 8 solar battery group string electric currents, the output current of whole two grades of header boxs is preferably at most 80 sun
The sum of energy battery pack string electric current.The sun that two grades of different header boxs may be accessed actually in exact arrangement in actual use
Energy battery pack string quantity is different, and such as Z1 header boxs are actually only connected to 9 one-level header boxs, and the input 1 of Z1 header boxs meets Z1-H1
The output end of number header box, the input 2 of Z1 header boxs connects the output end of Z1-H2 header boxs, the like.Or, Z1 converges
Case is flowed in addition to one-level header box is connected with, and also there is the input for being directly connected to solar battery group string.That is, for one
Level header box Z1-H1 to Z1-Hm, it is multiple or fully enter and hold and solar battery group in n input of one-level header box
Series winding connects, and allows one-level header box to there is vacant input；And for two grades of header box Z1, at least one input
Other inputs are connected with the output end of one-level header box to be connect with solar battery group series winding, or two grades as shown in Figure 1
Header box it is all input 1 be connected respectively with one-level header box Z1-H1 to Z1-Hm to input m, and allow to deposit
In vacant input.The header box of higher level the like until N grade (N is integer and N >=2).
There is with ShiShimonoseki each subcircuits of header boxs at different levels in the photovoltaic array that solar power station is used in the present embodiment
System：
1st, for one-level header box：By taking Z1-H1 header boxs as an example, the electric current of its output end and the current value of input have
Following relation：IZI-H1=i11+i12+···+i1n.Z1-H1 header boxs have n input, and each input only connects a string
Solar battery group string, then the current value of its each input is exactly the electric current of each connect solar battery group string, i.e.,：
iInput 1=i11。
2nd, for two grades of header boxs：By taking Z1 header boxs as an example, the current value of its output end and the current value of input have
Following relation：IZI=i1+i2+···+im.Wherein, i1For the input current value of two grades of header box Z1 input 1, the electric current
The output current value I of output end of the value equal to one-level header box Z1-H1ZI-H1, i2To imThe like.Z1 header boxs have m
Input, each input connects an one-level header box, then the current value of two grades of header box Z1 each input is exactly
The current value of the output end of the one-level header box each connected, the sum of actually n solar battery group string current value,
I.e.：The i of two grades of header boxsInput 1=i1=IZI-H1=i11+i12+···+i1n, iInput m=im=IZI-Hm=im1+im2
+···+imn.And if Z1 header boxs both had the input for being directly connected to solar battery group string, there is also connection one
The input of level header box, then the current value of the output end of Z1 header boxs is equal to the solar battery group string directly connected
Current value and each one-level header box output end current value sum.
For the header box of N ＞ 2 higher level, calculation the like, no longer it is described in detail herein.N grades of header boxs
Output end electric current through the access grid-connected point of inverter, into power supply grid.
In this application, the input of " adjacent or close " refers to that the solar battery group string or upper level of connection converge
Flow the adjacent or close input of case physical location, Z1-H1 header boxs for example in Fig. 1, although the input of the header box
It is separated by a plurality of input between 1 and input n of end, but if the solar battery group string that is connected of input 1 and input n institutes
The solar battery group string physical location of connection is adjacent or close, then it represents that input 1 is adjacent or close with input n.Thing
The adjacent or close solar battery group string in reason position or header box undergo the change of identical illumination condition substantially, for example together
The shadow occlusion process of Shi Jingli buildings or the shadow occlusion for successively undergoing same building thing.
Next it will be described in detail to enter the header boxs at different levels in the solar power station in Fig. 1 by taking the flow in Fig. 2 as an example
The method of capable detection of confluxing.
By taking detection of confluxing to one-level header box Z1-H1 progress as an example.
First, S1 steps are carried out：Sense the current value of each inputs of header box Z1-H1.Here, " each input " is referred to
One-level header box is connected with the input of solar battery group string, without considering vacant input.
After the current value of each input is obtained, S2 steps are carried out：Calculate the rate of change of the current value of each input.
After the rate of change for obtaining current value, the out-of-limit determining method of the out-of-limit determining method of high level, low value is recycled to carry out S3, S4 step
Judgement.
The out-of-limit judgement of low value is the variable quantity (i.e. the rate of change of current value) by comparing current value within the default time
Whether the mutation (negative sense mutation) reduced suddenly to determine whether input electric current to occur, and mutation exceed normal limit, come
Judge solar battery group string whether normal work.
Under normal circumstances, photovoltaic module output is stablized relatively, not fixed operating current, and output current is with irradiation
Change and change.Under normal circumstances, the irradiation of sunlight is steady and continuous change, and is diffused etc. and to influence, and will not be jumped
Become, therefore under normal circumstances, the current value of solar battery group string output is stablized relatively, will not be mutated, i.e. Z1-H1 header boxs
The electric current of each input will not be mutated.When faulty or damage, significant change will occur for solar battery group string output current.
It therefore, it can judge too by detecting the real-time current variable quantity of each inputs of Z1-H1 connect with solar battery group series winding
It is positive can battery pack string whether normal work.If but having arbitrary neighborhood or close two-way or multichannel defeated in same header box
When entering end the mutation of electric current larger negative sense occurring simultaneously, it may be possible to have that object is blocked or cloud is sailed and caused, it should not now export
Alarm.
Whether the rate of change of current value occurs the out-of-limit judgement formula of low value：
As (in(t)-in(0))<Imin=lin(0)When, judge that electric current low value is out-of-limit.Wherein, l is electric current low value limit coefficient, l
Less than zero, so that lin(0)For a minus value, IminAlso it is a minus value, hereon referred to as first predetermined value.This
Variable l can be by background maintenance software design patterns, and with monitoring backstage real-time Communication for Power, l values can be directly downloaded to by 485 order wires and be set
In standby.N is integer, represents some input in header box, and n is input sum to the maximum.When t is some input timer
Between, this variable can need to carry out different settings by background maintenance software design patterns, adjustable range according to different.That is, will
The rate of change of the current value of the input of one-level header box is compared with a minus first predetermined value, if rate of change
Less than first predetermined value, then judge that the solar battery group string generation low value of input connection is out-of-limit, because rate of change is less than
First predetermined value (first predetermined value is less than zero), then (rate of change is got over for the mutation that proof input electric current is strongly reduced
Small, electric current reduces more violent).
The out-of-limit judgement of high level is by comparing the variable quantity of current value of the current value within the default time (i.e. current value
Rate of change) the electric current generation to determine whether input becomes big mutation (forward mutation assay) suddenly, and whether mutation exceedes just
Normal limit value, come judge solar battery group string whether normal work.
Under normal circumstances, photovoltaic module output is stablized relatively, not fixed operating current, and output current is with irradiation
Change and change.Under normal circumstances, the irradiation of sunlight is steady and continuous change, and is diffused etc. and to influence, and will not be jumped
Become, therefore under normal circumstances, solar battery group string output current is stablized relatively, will not be mutated, when faulty or damage, its
Significant change will occur for output current.It therefore, it can judge too by detecting solar battery group string real-time current variable quantity
It is positive can battery pack string whether normal work.If but having arbitrary neighborhood or close two-way or multichannel defeated in same header box
When entering end and occurring the larger forward mutation assay of electric current simultaneously, it may be possible to because solar battery group string just left shadow of object block or
Person's cloud, which is sailed, to be caused, and outputting alarm is not answered now.
Whether the rate of change of current value occurs the out-of-limit judgement formula of high level：
As (in(t)-in(0))>Imax=hin(0)When, judge that electric current high level is out-of-limit, wherein, h is electric current high level limit coefficient, h
More than zero, so that hin(0)For a value more than zero, ImaxAlso it is a value more than zero, hereon referred to as second predetermined value, this
Variable h can be by background maintenance software design patterns, and with monitoring backstage real-time Communication for Power, h values can be directly downloaded to by 485 order wires and be set
In standby.N is integer, represents some input in header box, and n is input sum to the maximum.When t is some input timer
Between, this variable can need to carry out different settings by background maintenance software design patterns, adjustable range according to different.That is, will
The rate of change of the current value of the input of one-level header box is compared with a second predetermined value for being more than zero, if rate of change
More than second predetermined value, then judge that the solar battery group string generation high level of input connection is out-of-limit, because rate of change is more than
Second predetermined value (second predetermined value is more than zero), then (rate of change is got over for the mutation that proof input electric current increased dramatically
Greatly, electric current increase is more violent).
Complete high level it is out-of-limit judgement with the out-of-limit judgement of low value after, if input electric current do not occur high level it is out-of-limit or
Low value is out-of-limit, i.e., " rate of change of the current value of input is less than the current value of first predetermined value or input in S3 steps
Rate of change is more than second predetermined value " judged result be "No", the rate of change of the current value of input is more than or equal to the in other words
One predetermined value then judges that the solar battery group string of input connection is in normal work simultaneously less than or equal to second predetermined value
State.Now, the rate of change of current value does not occur that high level is out-of-limit and low value is out-of-limit, i.e., input no current is mutated, and illustrates this
The solar battery group string or upper level header box of input connection are completely in a stable working condition, now judge
The solar battery group string of input connection is working properly.Such as time-division at noon, illumination is most strong, now all adjacent or phases
The all 1.5A of current value of near input, this high current is slowly reached from morning to noon, or even one section at noon
The electric current value stabilization of input is in 1.5A in time, therefore the rate of change of current value is zero, now thinks to cause the original of this phenomenon
Because being that solar irradiation condition is good, failure should not be reported, and solar battery group string should be judged and be in normal operating conditions.Instead
It, if at night, although the current value of adjacent or close input is all close to 0, but the null value is also from noon to night
What evening was slowly reached, in addition in one end time at dead of night input electric current value stabilization 0.1A or so, now current value change
Rate is also zero, and the reason for now thinking and cause this phenomenon is that solar irradiation is not enough, should not report failure.
And if as it was previously stated, judged that high level is out-of-limit or low value is out-of-limit in S3 steps, i.e., it is " defeated in S3 steps
The rate of change for the current value that the rate of change for entering the current value at end is less than first predetermined value or input is more than second predetermined value " sentence
Disconnected result is "Yes", then also there are two kinds of situations：
The first situation, the rate of change that there is the current value of certain input there occurs that low value is out-of-limit.But, the change of current value
Rate there occurs that out-of-limit do not necessarily represent of low value occurs in that failure because solar battery group start of string enter shadow occlusion or
When person's cloud is sailed, the solar battery group string being blocked is it can also happen that low value is out-of-limit.Therefore embodiment adds S4 steps
Rapid adjacent or close input is verified, and checking procedure is：A fan-in k1 (k1 >=2) is preset, when same header box
Inside there are k1 adjacent or close inputs and more prescribed a time limit while occurring low value, still judge that solar battery group string is working properly,
Not outputting alarm signal.That is, for some input, if input generation low value is out-of-limit, while with
Its one or more adjacent or close input also there occurs that low value is out-of-limit, then it is assumed that be the multiple adjacent or close sun
Energy battery pack string, which is started simultaneously at, enters shadow occlusion, now still judges that solar battery group string is working properly (because same
The possibility of multiple solar battery group strings of header box open circuit simultaneously is minimum), otherwise the low value is more limited to exception.
Second of situation, the rate of change of the current value of certain input there occurs that high level is out-of-limit.But, the rate of change of current value
It there occurs that out-of-limit do not necessarily represent of high level occurs in that failure, because with the change of sun irradiation angle, solar battery group string
Initially move off shadow of object to block or when cloud has floatd, the solar battery group string being blocked is it can also happen that high level is got over
Limit, therefore embodiment adds the verification of the adjacent or close input of S4 steps, checking procedure is：Preset a fan-in
K2 (k2 >=2), more prescribes a time limit while occurring high level when there is k2 adjacent or close inputs in same header box, still judges
Solar battery group string is working properly, not outputting alarm signal.That is, for some input, if this is defeated
Enter end generation high level out-of-limit, while one or more other input adjacent thereto or close also there occurs that high level is out-of-limit,
Then it is considered that illumination condition change causes multiple adjacent or close solar battery group string while leaving shadow occlusion, now
Still judge that solar battery group string is working properly, otherwise the high level is more limited to exception.
That is, in S4 judgment steps：If the rate of change of the current value of input is less than first predetermined value, judge
Whether the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close one or more of the other input is again smaller than the first predetermined value, such as
Fruit judged result is "Yes", then it is assumed that these adjacent or close solar battery group strings, which are started simultaneously at, enters building effects
Block, now still judge that the solar battery group string of input connection is in normal operating conditions；Or if input
Current value rate of change be more than second predetermined value, judge whether the electricity of adjacent or close one or more of the other input
The rate of change of flow valuve is also greater than second predetermined value, if it is judged that being "Yes", then it is assumed that these adjacent or close solar energy
Battery pack string have left shadow occlusion simultaneously, now still judge that the solar battery group string or upper level of input connection converge
Flow case and be in normal operating conditions.Only when above-mentioned judged result is "No", i.e., only single input occurs high level and got over
Limit or low value are more prescribed a time limit, and just judge that the solar battery group string of input connection is in abnormal operation.This is just excluded
Because dusk illumination variation, the building effects occurred over time block the dry of the environmental factors such as range
Disturb, further reduce cailure rate of false positives, improve failure recall rate.
It is to allow the solar battery group of certain input connection in the case where S3 is judged as "No" it was found from foregoing description
Go here and there slowly varying to one high value or lower value (even 0), by high level is out-of-limit and the out-of-limit judgement of low value come
Fault misdescription is screened out；In the case where S3 is judged as "Yes", the verification for being introduced back into adjacent or close input comes
Fault misdescription is screened out again and true fault is detected.So, judge to go to work after eliminating environmental factor interference
The solar battery group string for making abnormal state is essentially short circuit or the open circuit fault of itself, and cailure rate of false positives is substantially reduced, and
Failure recall rate is improved.
After working condition judgement is completed, if the solar battery group string that input is connected is in abnormal work shape
State, then alerted.
It is right due to confluxing in photovoltaic array in the presence of multistage, therefore again by taking detection of confluxing to two grades of header box Z1 progress as an example
Detection method of confluxing is described.
Two grades of header box Z1 conflux detection the step of, the determination methods that are used with to one-level header box Z1-H1
Progress conflux detection the step of it is essentially identical, differ only in when input connect be one-level header box when, sensing, calculate and
Object is judged for upper level header box, and needs the actual connection according to each input of two grades of header boxs to each predetermined
Value is set respectively.
For example, in Fig. 1 shown all inputs 1 of two grades of header box Z1 to input m be all connected be one-level converge
Case is flowed, but is actually also connected in the presence of two grades of header box Z1 only one of which or multiple inputs with one-level header box, and it is other
The situation that input directly connects with solar battery group series winding.Although now to each input 1 of two grades of header boxs to input m
Sensing current value, the rate of change of calculating current value, the out-of-limit judgement of high level, the out-of-limit judgement of low value and the null value carried out judges and reported
Police it is identical with one-level header box, still, when the input m in two grades of header boxs connected for one-level header box Z1-Hm when,
This input m sensing current value is the output current value i of the output end of one-level header boxm, i.e. the now sense of the input
It is the output current value of one-level header box rather than the output current value of a certain solar battery group string to survey current value, and this is possible to
Cause in two grades of header box Z1 each input, both exist and come from the electric current of one-level header box, there is also directly from
In the electric current of the electric current of solar battery group string, or two grades of header box Z1 all inputs be the output of one-level header box
Current value.Even if in normal operation, the current value and its rate of change of each input of two grades of header boxs are also possible to phase
Difference is very big, it is therefore desirable to divided according to the actual connection of two grades of header boxs, then to first predetermined value and second predetermined value
Do not set.
The like to N grades of header boxs (N >=2), according to the difference of header box rank, it is necessary to for the header box of the rank
The actual connection of each input set first predetermined value and second predetermined value respectively.Certainly, what these set respectively is pre-
Definite value might not be different.For example, when one-level header box all inputs connect solar battery group string all same, two grades
All inputs of header box be all connected with these identical one-level header boxs, all inputs of three-level header box be all connected with it is identical
Two grades of header boxs, now for one-level header box, two grades of header boxs, three-level header boxs conflux detection when set the
One predetermined value, second predetermined value can be identicals.
The present embodiment compared with prior art, during only being detected to one-level header box, each input of its header box
Connection is solar battery group string, and each input electric current is exemplified by single solar battery group string electric current：
1) the out-of-limit comparison of low value
Prior art detection method：Daily afternoon or the morning or winter sunlight irradiation angular deviation it is larger when
Wait, because the arrangement of photovoltaic array is different, very likely start by surrounding buildingses for the solar battery group string of some positions
Thing is blocked, and the solar battery group string electric current being at this moment blocked around accesses other sun of same header box by being significantly less than
Energy battery pack string electric current, at this moment solar battery group string is in normal operating conditions, but prior art will be at these
Input judges to be out of order, and wrong report situation occurs.
The present embodiment method：By the verification of adjacent or close input, it can effectively solve the problem that art methods not
Foot, effectively reduces the wrong report caused by building is blocked, by the effectively lifting 50% of alarm accuracy rate.
2) the out-of-limit comparison of high level
Prior art shortcoming：When daily afternoon or the morning or larger winter sunlight irradiation angular deviation, by
It is different in the arrangement of photovoltaic array, very likely initially move off Adjacent Buildings screening for the solar battery group string of some positions
Gear, the solar battery group string electric current not at this moment being blocked around accesses other solar energy of same header box by being significantly less than
Battery pack string electric current, at this moment solar battery group string is in normal operating conditions, but prior art will be defeated at these
Enter to hold judgement to be out of order, wrong report situation occur.
The present embodiment method：It is similar with the out-of-limit judgement of low value, can effectively it be subtracted by the verification of adjacent or close input
Few wrong report caused by building is blocked, by the effectively lifting 50% of alarm accuracy rate.
In addition, for solar battery group string electric current due to short circuit or other situations failure when, such as some sun
Can battery pack string cell panel there is short trouble, electric current will be increased to 1.1-1.2 times of original electric current in moment or very short time,
At this moment the average value that prior art uses all input electric currents occurs as foundation is compared for one of input
Short trouble can not judge.
For example：Z1H2 header boxs have 5 current sense inputs, in each input current value of certain moment such as institute of table 1
Show：
Not each input current value in the same time of table 1
| Time | iInput 1 | iInput 2 | iInput 3 | iInput 4 | iInput 5 |
| " t0 " moment | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| " t1 " moment | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
At wherein relative " t0 " moment, at " t1 " moment, the solar battery group string of input 4 occurs its short-circuit electric current and occurred
Change by a relatively large margin.
At this moment it can be seen that for former average determination methods：
It is not above high level out-of-limit, does not report police.
It is not above low value out-of-limit, does not report police.
And the failure of actually input 4 has occurred that, prior art failure.
If the method provided using the present embodiment, as long as the second predetermined value of the out-of-limit rate of change of high level is set into in(0)'s
15%, it just can effectively alert such failure.
The current changing rate of input 4 exceeds the set out-of-limit coefficient of 15% high level, therefore electric current high level is out-of-limit
Remote signalling amount meeting set 1, report and alarm signal can effectively alert such failure.This has expanded for effective fault warning scope
Greatly, accuracy rate is lifted 70%.And add after the verification of adjacent close input, false alarm under ambient influnence can be avoided again
Probability.
For N grades of header boxs of three-level header box ... in the N grades of arrays that conflux, the above-mentioned method of inspection is still effective.
In summary situation, no matter how photovoltaic array arranges in solar power station, and the method for the present embodiment can be transferred through
Adjusting parameter, realizes the effective monitoring to photovoltaic array, reduction cailure rate of false positives, raising failure recall rate.
With reference to Fig. 3, the figure shows the detecting system of confluxing that the solar power station in Fig. 1 is used.The detection system of confluxing
System includes：
Current sensing unit, the current value of each input for sensing the header boxs at different levels in Fig. 1, and will be measured
Current value sends data processing unit to.Current sensing unit can carry out current-mode by configuring Hall element or current transformer
The collection of analog quantity.Current sensing unit (Hall element/current transformer) quantity can require progress flexible configuration according to different, together
When acquisition precision according to it is different require configure different accuracies components, so as to preferably improve product cost.It is preferred that Hall
Element as current sensing unit acquisition elements.
Data processing unit, the rate of change of the current value for calculating each input.
Judging unit, the rate of change for the current value according to each input is come to solar battery group string or upper level
Whether header box is judged in normal operating conditions.Data processing unit and judging unit are main by CPU on hardware
Unit and memory cell composition are managed, the data processing of each detection module of header box is realized, the function such as data storage in addition can foundation
Difference requires the different program of programming, programming program can Local or Remote carry out, program parameter etc. can be carried out by communication module
It is remotely located, convenient use.CPU processing units can be made up of chip or integrated circuit with data processing function, preferably be made
Core CPU unit is used as with single-chip microcomputer C8051F021.Memory cell includes ROM and RAM, and its external memory can be according to need
Configure different capabilities memory.Judging unit judges whether that the rate of change of the current value of input is less than first predetermined value, or
The rate of change of the current value of person's input is more than second predetermined value, and wherein first predetermined value is less than zero and the second predetermined value is big
In zero, if it is not, then judging that the solar battery group string or upper level header box of input connection are in normal operating conditions.
And if the rate of change of the current value of input is less than first predetermined value, then judging unit further determines whether adjacent or phase
The rate of change of the current value of near one or more of the other input is again smaller than first predetermined value, or if the electric current of input
The rate of change of value is more than second predetermined value, then judging unit judges whether adjacent or close one or more of the other input
Current value rate of change also greater than second predetermined value, if it is, judge the input connection solar battery group string or
Upper level header box is in normal operating conditions, if it is not, then judging the solar battery group string or upper one of input connection
Level header box is in abnormal operation.
Alarm Unit：For the solar battery group string or upper level header box for judging to there is input to connect in judging unit
After abnormal operation, alerted.
Power module：It is main to realize high voltage to the conversion of low-voltage using DC-DC principles, and as inspection of confluxing
Survey the governor circuits such as module, communication module and working power is provided.Preferably, power module electric energy can be directly from photovoltaic array
In header box, without external power supply, convenient construction, using simple, greatly simplify system design, and power module power consumption
It is smaller, photovoltaic array whole efficiency is not influenceed.Stress levels 1000V is preferably used, wide range input voltage such as 800-400V is defeated
Enter, the DC-DC power module of 24V/5v outputs.In practice, the power module individually powered can also be used come for inspection of confluxing
Current sensing unit in examining system etc. is powered.
Voltage acquisition unit：The real-time of voltage is carried out for the input to the header boxs at different levels in Fig. 1 or output end
Collection, and send the voltage of collection to data processing unit progress Correlation method for data processing.Correspondingly, data acquisition unit can
The input/output power of header boxs at different levels is calculated with the magnitude of voltage transmitted according to voltage acquisition unit.Judging unit can be with
Whether judge whether header box is in normal operating conditions within a predetermined range according to input/input power, if voltage or power
Value exceeds preset range, then judges that input is abnormal.
Communication module：Transmitted in real time for the data to the header box in photovoltaic array, such as by data processing list
Member calculates rate of change, power, alarm signal of current value of acquisition etc. and transmitted to Surveillance center, realizes header box and monitoring
The communication of the external equipments such as the PC at center.Different communications can be configured according to user's requirement and the difference of actual use situation
Module, realization is wirelessly transferred or wire transmission, and bigger is user-friendly.Communication mode can be set, such as using wire communication,
485 communication modes, the transmission of standard MODBUS agreements.
DC lightning prevention module：The position of lightning protection is needed installed in header box, PC of Surveillance center etc., for header box
Carry out lightning protection.Because solar battery group string, header box in photovoltaic array etc. is used for open air, therefore configuring direct current is anti-
Thunder module realizes lightning protection.DC lightning prevention module is electricity piece commonly used in the art, and concrete structure is no longer described in detail herein.
Breaker：Coupled to header box, judging unit judges the solar battery group string or upper level for having input to connect
Header box is in after abnormal operation, and triggering breaker disconnects.Circuit breaker voltage grade is preferably able to reach 1000V, electric current
The input sum that grade is accessed according to solar panel current parameters and header box is determined.
Fuse：Be connected between the solar panel of solar battery group string, solar battery group string and header box
Input between, the output end of the input of the output end of upper level header box and next stage header box, N grades of header boxs with it is inverse
The position for easily occurring excessively stream, the harm for protecting the electronics from overcurrent are waited between change device, if being not added with protection, this
Overcurrent is likely to result in electronic device failure, overheat, damages even on fire.If fuse grade is excessive, it is impossible to provide guarantor
Protective function, can not normal work if too small.Therefore when selecting fuse, it is necessary to according to the class rating of photovoltaic array
And depending on relevant criterion requirement.The minimum level of fuse can in photovoltaic array the calculation of short-circuit current of circuit and obtain, such as
Fruit local standard does not have particular/special requirement, and the fuse and the rated value of wiring preferably used needs to meet minimum 1.56 times Isc
(short circuit current flow) value.Fuse is electricity piece commonly used in the art, and no longer its structure is described in detail herein.
Counnter attack diode：Preferably to realize route protection, counnter attack can be concatenated in per solar battery group string all the way
Diode.
If it is desired, can also match other analog acquisition units, such as temperature, humidity.
Although the present invention is described with reference to above example, the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, and
Only limited by claim, those of ordinary skill in the art easily can modify and change to it, but and without departing from
The essential idea and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of detection method of confluxing for header box, the header box is N grade header boxs, and wherein N is natural number and N >=2,
The header box includes multiple inputs and an output end, at least one input of the header box and upper level header box
Output end connection, other inputs are directly connected to solar battery group string, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Sense the current value of each input；Electric current present in each input of the N grades of header box includes one-level header box
Electric current and the electric current directly from solar cell string；
Calculate the rate of change of the current value of each input；
Judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first predetermined value, or the input current value
Rate of change is more than second predetermined value, wherein the first predetermined value is less than zero, the second predetermined value is more than zero, if it is not, then
Judge that the solar battery group string or upper level header box of input connection are in normal operating conditions.
2. detection method according to claim 1 of confluxing, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
If the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first predetermined value, judge whether adjacent or close one or
The rate of change of the current value of a number of other inputs is again smaller than the first predetermined value, or if the current value of the input
Rate of change be more than second predetermined value, judge whether the change of the current value of adjacent or close one or more of the other input
Rate is also greater than the second predetermined value, if it is, judging that the solar battery group string or upper level of input connection converge
Flow case and be in normal operating conditions, if it is not, then judging the solar battery group string or upper level header box of input connection
In abnormal operation.
3. detection method according to claim 1 or 2 of confluxing, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
The solar battery group string or upper level header box connected if input is in abnormal operation, then is accused
It is alert.
4. a kind of detecting system of confluxing for header box, the header box is N grade header boxs, and wherein N is natural number and N >=2,
The header box includes multiple inputs and an output end, at least one input of the header box and upper level header box
Output end connection, other inputs are directly connected to solar battery group string, it is characterised in that the system includes：
Current sensing unit, the current value for sensing each input；Electric current present in each input of the N grades of header box
Electric current including one-level header box and the electric current directly from solar cell string；
Data processing unit, the rate of change of the current value for calculating each input；
Judging unit, for judging the solar battery group string or upper one that the input is connected according to the rate of change of current value
Level header box whether be in normal operating conditions, if the rate of change of the current value of the input be less than first predetermined value or
The judged result that the rate of change of the current value of the input is more than second predetermined value is no, then judges input connection too
Positive energy battery pack string or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, wherein the first predetermined value is described second less than zero
Predetermined value is more than zero.
5. detecting system according to claim 4 of confluxing, it is characterised in that the judging unit is additionally operable to：
If the rate of change of the current value of the input is less than first predetermined value, judge whether adjacent or close one or
The rate of change of the current value of a number of other inputs is again smaller than the first predetermined value, or if the current value of the input
Rate of change be more than second predetermined value, judge whether the change of the current value of adjacent or close one or more of the other input
Rate is also greater than the second predetermined value, if it is, judging that the solar battery group string or upper level of input connection converge
Flow case and be in normal operating conditions, if it is not, then judging the solar battery group string or upper level header box of input connection
In abnormal operation.
6. the detecting system of confluxing according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the system also includes：
Alarm Unit, for the solar battery group string or upper level header box for judging to there is input to connect in the judging unit
After abnormal operation, alerted.
7. a kind of solar power station, it is characterised in that the solar power station include solar battery group string, N grades of header boxs, with
And the detecting system of confluxing described in any one of claim 4 to 6, wherein except one-level header box input directly with the sun
Energy battery pack series winding connects outer, and at least one described input of other any level header boxs connects with the output end of upper level header box
Connect, the detecting system of confluxing detects that the output current of N grades of header boxs connects through inverter to confluxing for header boxs at different levels
Enter grid entry point.
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| US8901411B2 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2014-12-02 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling ramp rate of solar photovoltaic system |
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