CN104779915A - Conflux detection method and system for conflux boxes and solar power station - Google Patents
Conflux detection method and system for conflux boxes and solar power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a conflux detection method and system for conflux boxes. The calibration of the change rates of current values of adjacent or close input ends is performed to reduce the false alarm rate of faults of the conflux boxes in a photovoltaic array. The invention further provides a solar power station.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of solar thermal power generation, be specifically related to a kind of conflux detection method and system for header box, and a kind of solar power station.
Background technology
Along with the worsening shortages of the energy, the exploitation of renewable green energy resource more and more receive the concern of people, are especially subject to the favor of common people especially with the utilization of solar energy.Solar energy is as clean, safe, the sustainable and reliable energy, and solar energy photovoltaic system is expanding rapidly its application in the energy and industrial technology exploitation.In recent years, common concern is caused as the photovoltaic cell of solar energy conversion medium and the development and application of large area photovoltaic module device.With monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon membrane etc. for the extensive use of solar panel in the facility such as business and residential building of representative demonstrates huge potentiality, as thin film solar photovoltaic template can replace some building elements, such as building wall, window etc.
Solar energy photovoltaic system power generation situation directly affects the economic benefit of enterprise, can greatly reduce photovoltaic system generating capacity, affecting business economic interests as broken down in the photovoltaic system course of work.In actual applications for different projects, the arrangement of photovoltaic array is different, this brings certain difficulty just to the Real-Time Monitoring of photovoltaic array and failure diagnosis, and whether solar battery group string normally works and directly will have influence on safety and the gross generation of solar power station, therefore to the real-time current monitoring of each solar battery group string and failure diagnosis just particularly necessary.
At present, the solar panel in industry is of a great variety, and component parameter aspect differs greatly, and for different designs scheme, also can adopt multi-form inverter, and has the arrangement of distinctive photovoltaic array according to project characteristic.In view of these reasons, the building form of photovoltaic array is varied, cause each solar battery group string operating characteristic in photovoltaic array to differ greatly, therefore very difficult single foundation component characteristic or arrangement mode delimited to solar battery group string operating state and determined number range.Just conflux for one-level for the diagnosis of photovoltaic system in prior art, can not diagnose for independent input, the solution that the operating state for photovoltaic solar cell group string has not had.The method of existing diagnosis has:
1, fuse alarm method
When monitored current circuit current value is zero, then produce " fuse alarm ", wherein this drift value can be set up.
This kind of method defect is: for the time-division sooner or later every day, affect by illumination or shade, and very likely just solar battery group crosstalk stream is less for the still generating of some solar battery group string, and some assembly does not generate electricity.According to diagnostic rule, will produce fuse alarm to the solar battery group string do not generated electricity, warn the solar battery group string do not generated electricity to occur exception, and in fact this phenomenon is normal, the assembly do not generated electricity also still is in normal operating conditions.
Visible, existing this fuse alarm decision logic will introduce wrong report every day.
2, the out-of-limit method of electric current low value
The out-of-limit method of estimated current low value the actual input current in mean value of all inputs in certain one-level header box is multiplied by one to be greater than 0 coefficient of safety (generally getting 50%) being less than 1 and to judge as low limit value Imin.When the electric current of a certain input
outputting alarm signal, wherein, n is the circuitry number of actual access this grade of header box.
This kind of method defect is: for multistage monitoring of confluxing, in header box the current value of each input may be the multi-string battery assembly electric current of multistage header box access above and.Such as to conflux monitoring for secondary, in secondary header box, the current value of each input is the multi-string battery assembly electric current sum of one-level header box access.Because arrangement position is different, the number of the solar battery group string that each input of same secondary header box accesses may be different, and such as input 1 is by one-level header box access 5 string battery components, and input 2 is by one-level header box access 3 string assemblies.In this case, the needs that a fixing low limit value just cannot meet use are set for all inputs is unified.In addition, the installation site of percentage of batteries assembly in the afternoon or some moment may be blocked by building, the electric current that the battery component that is blocked exports will be starkly lower than the electric current that other battery components export, and this is normal operating conditions, should outputting alarm information.But the current out-of-limit method of this electric current low value can will be in normal operating conditions but output current is less than the header box of low limit value or solar battery group crossfire is alert, produces wrong report.Even if the photovoltaic plant confluxed for only having one-level, some battery component in the afternoon, morning or some moment also may be blocked by building, when occurring that indivedual solar battery group string output loop electric current is starkly lower than other loops, the warning information that this criterion produces is likely still wrong report.The alarm signal that this change because of natural conditions produces, can cause higher rate of false alarm.
3, the out-of-limit method of electric current high level
The out-of-limit method of estimated current high level the actual input current in mean value of all inputs in certain one-level header box is multiplied by a coefficient of safety (being generally 150%) being greater than 1 to judge as ceiling value Imax.When the electric current of a certain input
outputting alarm signal, wherein, n gets actual access this grade of header box circuitry number.
This kind of method defect is similar to the deficiency of the out-of-limit method of above-described electric current low value.Such as, secondary is confluxed monitoring, in secondary header box the current value of each input be the multi-string battery assembly electric current of one-level header box access and.Because arrangement position is different, the solar battery group string number that each input of same secondary header box accesses may be different.In this case, the needs that a fixing ceiling value cannot meet use are set for all inputs is unified.In addition, the installation site of percentage of batteries assembly may under than other battery components, more Zao or more ground be exposed to sunlight in the morning or some moment, the electric current that the electric current that the battery component so exposed exports will export apparently higher than other battery components, this is normal operating conditions, should outputting alarm information.But the current out-of-limit method of this electric current high level can will be in normal operating conditions but output current is greater than the header box of ceiling value or solar battery group crossfire is alert, produces wrong report.Even if the photovoltaic plant confluxed for only having one-level, in the afternoon, morning or some moment, power station was blocked by building when, part solar battery group string wherein can be there is and expose situation in the sun early than other battery strings, now the electric current of indivedual solar battery group string output loop will apparently higher than other loops, and the warning information that this criterion produces is likely still wrong report.The alarm signal that this change because of illumination condition produces, can cause higher rate of false alarm.
Also exist in prior art and utilize current changing rate whether to undergo mutation the technical scheme judging whether to produce DC Line Fault electric arc, this technical scheme can reduce false drop rate.But first, this technical scheme only considers the rate of change of a road electric current, and reckon without the curent change that the situations such as building as above blocks can cause solar battery group string, fault false drop rate is still higher; Secondly, when there is multistage header box, this technical scheme is only applicable to current acquisition between the output of afterbody header box and inverter and detection, and can not detect for the fault of independent solar battery group string or upper level header box, like this, technical staff just knows and there occurs fault, but and does not know that fault occurs in where.
No matter above-mentioned any detection method is all in time domain or frequency domain, and one of header box independent input or output are carried out to the contrast of current value or rate of change, can not get rid of the impact that environmental factor causes, fault misdescription rate is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to reduce the fault false drop rate in photovoltaic system, The embodiment provides following technical scheme for this reason:
For a detection method of confluxing for header box, described header box comprises multiple input and an output, and each input connects the output of solar battery group string or upper level header box, and described method comprises: the current value sensing each input; Calculate the rate of change of the current value of each input; Judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, wherein said first predetermined value is less than zero and described second predetermined value is greater than zero, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions.
Preferably, described method also comprises: if the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than described first predetermined value, if or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than described second predetermined value, if, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
Preferably, described method also comprises: if the solar battery group string having input to connect or upper level header box are in abnormal operation, then carry out alarm.
A kind of detection system of confluxing for header box, described header box comprises multiple input and an output, each input connects the output of solar battery group string or upper level header box, and described system comprises: current sensing unit, for sensing the current value of each input; Data processing unit, for calculating the rate of change of the current value of each input; Judging unit, for judging according to the rate of change of current value whether the solar battery group string that described input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if the judged result that the rate of change that the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the current value of the first predetermined value or described input is greater than the second predetermined value is no, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, wherein said first predetermined value is less than zero and described second predetermined value is greater than zero.
Preferably, described judging unit also for: if the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than described first predetermined value, if or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than described second predetermined value, if, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
Preferably, described system also comprises: Alarm Unit, after being in abnormal operation, carries out alarm for the solar battery group string that judges at described judging unit to have input to connect or upper level header box.
A kind of solar power station, described solar power station comprises solar battery group string, N level header box and detection system of confluxing as above, wherein N be more than or equal to 2 integer, wherein except the input of one-level header box is directly contacted with described solar battery group and connect, input described at least one of other arbitrary grade of header box is connected with the output of upper level header box, described detection system of confluxing detected confluxing of header box at different levels, and the output current of N level header box is through the access grid-connected point of inverter.
The method and system of the embodiment of the present invention are to header box, the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close input is adopted to come mutually to verify, if the rate of change of the current value of a certain input there occurs, low value is out-of-limit or high level is out-of-limit, and the rate of change of the current value of other adjacent or close input synchronously occurs, and low value is out-of-limit or high level is out-of-limit, then think and cause the reason of the sudden change of this current value to be that adjacent or close solar battery group string enters simultaneously or leaves shade and blocks, still think the solar battery group string that input connects or upper level header box normal, avoid the fault erroneous judgement adopting the current changing rate of input itself to bring.
And the present invention senses the input input current of header box, that is, detect each input electric current of header box, can judge fault point more exactly, thus overhaul.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Next will be described in further detail specific embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is that the employing secondary of embodiments of the invention confluxes the bus structure schematic diagram of solar power plant of photovoltaic array;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the detection method of confluxing of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the detection system of confluxing of the solar power plant of embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
With reference to shown in figure 1, figure being the part of a solar power plant, namely illustrate only two-stage and to conflux the part of photovoltaic array of composition, in actual applications, this photovoltaic array can continue increase and to conflux rank.In the present embodiment, in photovoltaic array, assembly connecting mode is: x (x >=1) solar panel forms a solar battery group string, the one-level adopting n to enter 1 is confluxed, input 1 to the input n ganging up same one-level header box by n solar battery group confluxes, the secondary simultaneously adopting m to enter 1 again confluxes, the electric current exported by the output of m one-level header box is confluxed by input 1 to the input m of same secondary header box, and finally unification is exported by the output of secondary header box.I represents the current value of each input input of header box.I represents the output current value of header box output.N represents the maximum solar battery group string quantity that one-level header box can access, as being 8 enter 1 one-level header box for model, there are at most 8 inputs, accessible at most 8 solar battery group strings, it is different that the one-level header box different when reality uses actually may access solar battery group string quantity when exact arrangement, connect solar battery group string as Z1-H1 header box reality is only connected to 7 inputs, Z1-H2 header box is actual is connected with 6 input solar battery group strings.M represent secondary header box connect the maximum branch road quantity that can access, as being 10 enter 1 secondary header box for model, having at most 10 inputs, the output of 10 one-level header boxs can be connected at most.If one-level header box is 8 models entering, so this 10 electric current entering each input of secondary header box of 1 output that will be an one-level header box, be 8 solar battery group crosstalk streams and, the output current of whole secondary header box be at most 80 solar battery group crosstalk streams and.The solar battery group string quantity difference that the secondary header box different when reality uses may actually access when exact arrangement, as Z1 header box reality is only connected to 9 one-level header boxs, the input 1 of Z1 header box connects the output of Z1-H1 header box, the input 2 of Z1 header box connects the output of Z1-H2 header box, the like.Or except being connected with one-level header box, also there is the input directly connecting solar battery group string in Z1 header box.That is, for one-level header box Z1-H1 to Z1-Hm, in n input of one-level header box, multiple or whole input and solar battery group are contacted and are connect, and allow one-level header box to there is vacant input; And for secondary header box Z1, have at least an input to be connected other input with the output of one-level header box to contact with solar battery group and connect, or as shown in Figure 1 secondary header box all with input 1 to input m be connected with one-level header box Z1-H1 to Z1-Hm respectively, and allow to there is vacant input.The header box of higher level the like until N level (N is integer and N >=2).
In the photovoltaic array that in the present embodiment, solar power station adopts, each subcircuits of header box at different levels has following relation:
1, for one-level header box: for Z1-H1 header box, the electric current of its output and the current value of input have following relation: I
zI-H1=i
11+ i
12++ i
1n.Z1-H1 header box has n input, and each input only connects a string solar battery group string, so the current value of its each input be exactly separately connect the electric current of solar battery group string, that is: i
input 1=i
11.
2, for secondary header box: for Z1 header box, the current value of its output and the current value of input have following relation: I
zI=i
1+ i
2++ i
m.Wherein, i
1for the input current value of the input 1 of secondary header box Z1, this current value equals the output current value I of the output of one-level header box Z1-H1
zI-H1, i
2to i
mthe like.Z1 header box has m input, each input connects an one-level header box, so the current value of each input of secondary header box Z1 is exactly the current value of the output of the one-level header box connected separately, be actually n solar battery group crosstalk flow valuve and, that is: the i of secondary header box
input 1=i
1=I
zI-H1=i
11+ i
12++ i
1n, i
input m=i
m=I
zI-Hm=i
m1+ i
m2++ i
mn.And if both there is the input directly connecting solar battery group string in Z1 header box, also there is the input connecting one-level header box, then the current value of the output of Z1 header box equals the current value sum of the current value of the solar battery group string be directly connected with it and the output of each one-level header box.
For the header box of the higher level of N > 2, account form the like, no longer describe in detail herein.The electric current of the output of N level header box, through the access grid-connected point of inverter, enters power supply grid.
In this application, the input of " adjacent or close " refers to the solar battery group string of connection or the adjacent or close input of upper level header box physical location, such as Z1-H1 header box in FIG, many the inputs although be separated by between the input 1 of this header box and input n, if but the solar battery group string physical location that the solar battery group string that input 1 connects is connected with input n is adjacent or close, then represent that input 1 is adjacent with input n or close.The solar battery group string that physical location is adjacent or close or header box experience the change of identical illumination condition substantially, and the shade that the shade such as simultaneously experiencing building blocks process or successively experience same building thing blocks.
Next by the method for detection of confluxing to the header boxs at different levels in the solar power station in Fig. 1 for the flow process detailed description in Fig. 2.
Example is detected as to conflux to one-level header box Z1-H1.
First, S1 step is carried out: the current value of each input of sensing header box Z1-H1.At this, " each input " refers to the input that one-level header box is connected with solar battery group string, and does not consider vacant input.
After the current value obtaining each input, carry out S2 step: the rate of change calculating the current value of each input.
After obtaining the rate of change of current value, the out-of-limit determining method of recycling high level, the out-of-limit determining method of low value carry out the judgement of S3, S4 step.
The out-of-limit judgement of low value judges whether that the sudden change (negative sense sudden change) reduced suddenly occurs input electric current by comparing the variable quantity (i.e. the rate of change of current value) of current value within the time of presetting, and whether sudden change exceedes normal limit, judges whether solar battery group string normally works.
Under normal circumstances, photovoltaic module exports relatively stable, and do not have fixing operating current, output current changes with the change of irradiation.Under normal circumstances, the irradiation of sunlight is steady and continuous change, and affects by diffusion etc., transition can not occur, therefore under normal circumstances, the current value that solar battery group string exports is relatively stable, can not suddenly change, namely the electric current of each input of Z1-H1 header box can not suddenly change.When having fault or damaging, will there is significant change in solar battery group string output current.Therefore, can judge whether solar battery group string normally works by detecting the real-time current variable quantity of each input of Z1-H1 connect of contacting with solar battery group.If but when having arbitrary neighborhood or close two-way or multi-channel input that the sudden change of electric current larger negative sense occurs in same header box, may be have object to block or cloud is sailed and caused, now not answer outputting alarm simultaneously.
The judgement the formula whether rate of change of current value low value occurs out-of-limit is:
As (i
n (t)-i
n (0)) <I
min=li
n (0)time, judge that electric current low value is out-of-limit.Wherein, l is electric current low value limit coefficient, and l is less than zero, thus li
n (0)be a minus value, I
minalso be a minus value, referred to here as the first predetermined value.This variable l is by background maintenance software design patterns, and with monitoring backstage real time communication, l value is directly downloaded in equipment by 485 order wires.N is integer, and represent certain input in header box, n is input sum to the maximum.T is certain input timer periods, and this variable is by background maintenance software design patterns, and adjustable range carries out difference setting according to different needs.That is, the rate of change of the current value of the input of one-level header box and minus first predetermined value are compared, if rate of change is less than the first predetermined value, then judge that the solar battery group string generation low value that this input connects is out-of-limit, because rate of change is less than the first predetermined value (this first predetermined value is less than zero), then prove that input electric current there occurs the sudden change (rate of change is less, and it is strong that electric current reduces Shaoxing opera) sharply reduced.
The out-of-limit judgement of high level is that the variable quantity (i.e. the rate of change of current value) by comparing the current value of current value within the time of presetting judges whether that the electric current of input occurs to become large sudden change (forward mutation assay) suddenly, and whether sudden change exceedes normal limit, judges whether solar battery group string normally works.
Under normal circumstances, photovoltaic module exports relatively stable, and do not have fixing operating current, output current changes with the change of irradiation.Under normal circumstances, the irradiation of sunlight is steady and continuous change, and affects by diffusion etc., transition can not occur, therefore under normal circumstances, solar battery group string output current is relatively stable, can not suddenly change, when having fault or damaging, will there is significant change in its output current.Therefore, can judge whether solar battery group string normally works by detecting solar battery group string real-time current variable quantity.If but when having arbitrary neighborhood or close two-way or multi-channel input that the larger forward mutation assay of electric current occurs simultaneously in same header box, may be to have blocked or cloud is sailed and caused because solar battery group string has just left shadow of object, now not answer outputting alarm.
The judgement the formula whether rate of change of current value high level occurs out-of-limit is:
As (i
n (t)-i
n (0)) >I
max=hi
n (0)time, judge that electric current high level is out-of-limit, wherein, h is electric current high level limit coefficient, and h is greater than zero, thus hi
n (0)be a value being greater than zero, I
maxalso be a value being greater than zero, referred to here as the second predetermined value, this variable h is by background maintenance software design patterns, and with monitoring backstage real time communication, h value is directly downloaded in equipment by 485 order wires.N is integer, and represent certain input in header box, n is input sum to the maximum.T is certain input timer periods, and this variable is by background maintenance software design patterns, and adjustable range carries out difference setting according to different needs.That is, the second predetermined value that the rate of change of the current value of the input of one-level header box and one are greater than zero is compared, if rate of change is greater than the second predetermined value, then judge that the solar battery group string generation high level that this input connects is out-of-limit, because rate of change is greater than the second predetermined value (this second predetermined value is greater than zero), then prove that input electric current there occurs the sudden change (rate of change is larger, and it is strong that electric current increases Shaoxing opera) sharply increased.
After completing the out-of-limit judgement of high level and the out-of-limit judgement of low value, if input electric current does not occur, high level is out-of-limit or low value is out-of-limit, namely in S3 step, the judged result of " rate of change that the rate of change of the current value of input is less than the current value of the first predetermined value or input is greater than the second predetermined value " is "No", the rate of change of the current value of input is more than or equal to the first predetermined value and is less than or equal to the second predetermined value simultaneously in other words, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects is in normal operating conditions.Now, the rate of change of current value does not occur that high level is out-of-limit and low value is out-of-limit, i.e. input no current sudden change, illustrate that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are all in a stable operating state, now judge that the solar battery group string that input connects is working properly.Such as time-division at noon, illumination is the strongest, now the current value of all adjacent or close inputs is all 1.5A, this high electric current slowly reaches from morning to noon, in a period of time, the current value of input is stabilized in 1.5A even at noon, and therefore the rate of change of current value is zero, now thinks and causes the reason of this phenomenon to be that solar irradiation condition is good, should not report fault, and should judge that solar battery group string is in normal operating conditions.Otherwise, if at night, although the current value of adjacent or close input is all close to 0, but this null value also slowly reaches from noon to night, in one end time even at dead of night, the current value of input is stabilized in about 0.1A, now the rate of change of current value is also zero, now thinks and causes the reason of this phenomenon to be that solar irradiation is not enough, should not report fault.
And as previously mentioned, if judged that in S3 step high level is out-of-limit or low value is out-of-limit, namely in S3 step, the judged result of " rate of change that the rate of change of the current value of input is less than the current value of the first predetermined value or input is greater than the second predetermined value " is "Yes", then also there are two kinds of situations:
The first situation, it is out-of-limit that the rate of change that there is the current value of certain input there occurs low value.But the rate of change of current value there occurs out-of-limit not the necessarily representing of low value and has occurred fault because solar battery group start of string enter shade block or cloud is sailed time, it is out-of-limit also may to there is low value in the solar battery group string be blocked.Therefore embodiment adds the adjacent or close input verification of S4 step, checking procedure is: preset a fan-in k1 (k1 >=2), when have in same header box k1 adjacent or close input occur simultaneously low value out-of-limit time, still judge that solar battery group string is working properly, not outputting alarm signal.That is, for some inputs, if this input generation low value is out-of-limit, be adjacent simultaneously or one or more close input also to there occurs low value out-of-limit, then think that multiple adjacent or close solar battery group string starts to enter shade simultaneously and blocks, now still judge solar battery group string (because the possibility of the multiple solar battery group strings of same header box open circuit is simultaneously minimum) working properly, otherwise this low value out-of-limit be exception.
The second situation, it is out-of-limit that the rate of change of the current value of certain input there occurs high level.But, the rate of change of current value there occurs out-of-limit not the necessarily representing of high level and has occurred fault, because along with the change of sun irradiation angle, solar battery group start of string leave shadow of object block or cloud wafts time, also it is out-of-limit to there is high level in the solar battery group string be blocked, therefore embodiment adds the adjacent or close input verification of S4 step, checking procedure is: preset a fan-in k2 (k2 >=2), when have in same header box k2 adjacent or close input occur simultaneously high level out-of-limit time, still judge that solar battery group string is working properly, not outputting alarm signal.That is, for some inputs, if this input generation high level is out-of-limit, be adjacent simultaneously or one or more close other input also to there occurs high level out-of-limit, then think that illumination condition change causes multiple adjacent or close solar battery group string to leave shade simultaneously and blocks, now still judge that solar battery group string is working properly, otherwise this high level out-of-limit be abnormal.
That is, in S4 determining step: if the rate of change of the current value of input is less than the first predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than described first predetermined value, if judged result is "Yes", then think that these adjacent or close solar battery group strings start to enter building effects simultaneously and block, now still judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects is in normal operating conditions; If or the rate of change of the current value of input is greater than the second predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than the second predetermined value, if judged result is "Yes", then think that these adjacent or close solar battery group strings have left shade simultaneously and block, now still judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions.Only have when above-mentioned judged result is "No", namely only have single input generation high level out-of-limit or low value is out-of-limit time, just judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects is in abnormal operation.This eliminates because dusk illumination variation, the building effects that As time goes on occurs block the interference of the environmental factors such as range, reduce fault misdescription rate further, improve fault recall rate.
From foregoing description, be that the solar battery group string allowing certain input to connect slowly is changed to a high value or a lower value (being even 0) when S3 is judged as "No", by high level, the out-of-limit and out-of-limit judgement of low value screens out fault misdescription; When S3 is judged as "Yes", the verification again introducing adjacent or close input again screens out fault misdescription and detects true fault.Like this, judge that the solar battery group string of operating state exception is self short circuit or open circuit fault substantially after eliminating environmental factor interference, fault misdescription rate reduces greatly, and fault recall rate is improved.
After condition adjudgement of finishing the work, if the solar battery group string having input to connect is in abnormal operation, then carry out alarm.
Owing to there is multistage confluxing in photovoltaic array, be therefore detected as example to conflux to secondary header box Z1 again, to confluxing, detection method is described.
Substantially identical to the secondary header box Z1 step that the step detected, the determination methods that adopts and confluxing to one-level header box Z1-H1 detect of confluxing, difference be only when input connection be one-level header box time, sense, calculate and judge that object is upper level header box, and need to set respectively each predetermined value according to the actual connection of each input of secondary header box.
Such as, what all inputs of secondary header box Z1 1 to input m shown in FIG all connected is one-level header box, but in fact also there is secondary header box Z1 only has one or more input to be connected with one-level header box, and other input directly and solar battery group to contact situation about connecing.Although the current sensor value of now carrying out each input 1 to input m of secondary header box, the rate of change of calculating current value, the out-of-limit judgement of high level, the out-of-limit judgement of low value and null value judge and report to the police all identical with one-level header box, but, when the input m in secondary header box connect for one-level header box Z1-Hm time, the current sensor value of this input m is the output current value i of the output of one-level header box
mnamely now the current sensor value of this input is the output current value of one-level header box but not the output current value of a certain solar battery group string, this just likely causes in each input of secondary header box Z1, both there is the electric current coming from one-level header box, also there is the electric current directly coming from solar battery group string, or the electric current of all inputs of secondary header box Z1 is the output current value of one-level header box.Even if in normal operation, current value and the rate of change thereof of each input of secondary header box also likely differ greatly, and therefore need the actual connection according to secondary header box, then set respectively the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value.
The like to N level header box (N >=2), according to the difference of header box rank, need the actual connection of each input of the header box for this rank to set the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value respectively.Certainly, these predetermined values set respectively might not be different.Such as, the solar battery group string all inputs that are all identical, secondary header box connected when all inputs of one-level header box all connect these identical one-level header boxs, all inputs of three grades of header boxs all connect identical secondary header box, and the first predetermined value set when now carrying out confluxing detection for one-level header box, secondary header box, three grades of header boxs, the second predetermined value can be identical.
Compared with prior art, during only to detect one-level header box, what each input of its header box connected is solar battery group string to the present embodiment, and each input electric current is single solar battery group crosstalk stream is example:
1) the out-of-limit comparison of low value
Prior art detection method: afternoon every day or the morning or terrestrial solar radiation angular deviation in winter larger in, because the arrangement of photovoltaic array is different, solar battery group string for some position very likely starts to be blocked by Adjacent Buildings, at this moment the solar battery group crosstalk stream be blocked accesses other solar battery group crosstalk stream of same header box around by being significantly less than, at this moment solar battery group string is in normal operating conditions, but prior art will judge fault at these inputs, occurs wrong report situation.
The present embodiment method: by the verification of adjacent or close input, effectively can solve the deficiency of art methods, effectively reduces because building blocks caused wrong report, alarm accuracy rate is effectively promoted 50%.
2) the out-of-limit comparison of high level
Prior art shortcoming: afternoon every day or the morning or terrestrial solar radiation angular deviation in winter larger in, because the arrangement of photovoltaic array is different, solar battery group string for some position very likely starts to leave Adjacent Buildings and blocks, at this moment the solar battery group crosstalk stream be not blocked accesses other solar battery group crosstalk streams of same header box around by being significantly less than, at this moment solar battery group string is in normal operating conditions, but prior art will judge fault at these inputs, occurs wrong report situation.
The present embodiment method: similar with the out-of-limit judgement of low value, effectively can be reduced because building blocks caused wrong report by the verification of adjacent or close input, alarm accuracy rate is effectively promoted 50%.
In addition, for solar battery group crosstalk stream due to short circuit or other situations break down time, such as there is short trouble in certain solar battery group string cell panel, electric current will be increased to the 1.1-1.2 of original electric current doubly in moment or very short time, at this moment prior art adopt be the mean value of all input electric currents as comparing foundation, one of them input is occurred that short trouble can not judge.
Such as: Z1H2 header box has 5 current sense input, as shown in table 1 at each input current value of certain moment:
Table 1 not each input current value in the same time
| Time | i Input 1 | i Input 2 | i Input 3 | i Input 4 | i Input 5 |
| " t0 " moment | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| " t1 " moment | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
In wherein relative " t0 " moment, in " t1 " moment, the solar battery group string of input 4 its electric current that is short-circuited there occurs change by a relatively large margin.
At this moment can find out for former average determination methods:
do not exceed high level out-of-limit, do not report police.
do not exceed low value out-of-limit, do not report police.
And in fact the fault of input 4 there occurs, prior art had lost efficacy.
If utilize the method that the present embodiment provides, as long as the second predetermined value of out-of-limit for high level rate of change is set to i
n (0)15%, just can effective such fault of alarm.
The current changing rate of input 4 has exceeded the set out-of-limit coefficient of 15% high level, and therefore the out-of-limit remote signalling amount of electric current high level can set 1, report and alarm signal, can effective such fault of alarm.This expands to some extent for effective fault warning scope, and accuracy rate is promoted 70%.And after adding the verification of adjacent close input, the probability of false alarm under environmental impact can be avoided again.
Three grades of header boxs N level confluxed in array ... N level header box, the above-mentioned method of inspection is still effective.
Comprehensive above situation, no matter in solar power station, how photovoltaic array arranges, and the method for the present embodiment by adjustment parameter, can realize the effective monitoring to photovoltaic array, reduces fault misdescription rate, raising fault recall rate.
With reference to figure 3, the detection system of confluxing that the solar power station that the figure shows in Fig. 1 adopts.This detection system of confluxing comprises:
Current sensing unit, for sensing the current value of each input of the header boxs at different levels in Fig. 1, and sends measured current value to data processing unit.Current sensing unit carries out the collection of current-mode analog quantity by configuration Hall element or current transformer.Current sensing unit (Hall element/current transformer) quantity can require to carry out flexible configuration according to difference, and acquisition precision requires the components and parts of configuration different accuracy according to difference simultaneously, thus better improves product cost.Preferred Hall element is as the acquisition elements of current sensing unit.
Data processing unit, for calculating the rate of change of the current value of each input.
Judging unit, whether the rate of change for the current value according to each input is in normal operating conditions to solar battery group string or upper level header box judges.Data processing unit and judging unit form primarily of CPU processing unit and memory cell on hardware, realize the data processing of each detection module of header box, the functions such as data storage, the program that programming can be required different according to difference in addition, programming program can be carried out by Local or Remote, program parameters etc. carry out long-range setting by communication module, easy to use.CPU processing unit can be made up of the chip or integrated circuit with data processing function, preferably uses single-chip microcomputer C8051F021 as core CPU unit.Memory cell comprises ROM and RAM, and its external memory can according to needs configuration different capabilities memory.Judging unit judges whether that the rate of change of the current value of input is less than the first predetermined value, or the rate of change of the current value of input is greater than the second predetermined value, wherein the first predetermined value is less than zero and described second predetermined value is greater than zero, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions.If and the rate of change of the current value of input is less than the first predetermined value, then judging unit judges whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than the first predetermined value further, if or the rate of change of the current value of input is greater than the second predetermined value, then judging unit judges whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than the second predetermined value, if, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
Alarm Unit: after being in abnormal operation for the solar battery group string that judges at judging unit to have input to connect or upper level header box, carry out alarm.
Power module: mainly utilize DC-DC principle to achieve the conversion of high voltage to low-voltage, and provide working power as the governor circuit such as detection module, communication module that confluxes.Preferably, power module electric energy can directly from the header box in photovoltaic array, and without the need to external power supply, convenient construction, uses simple, greatly simplify system, and power module power consumption is less, does not affect photovoltaic array whole efficiency.Preferred use voltage withstand class 1000V, wide range input voltage such as 800-400V inputs, the DC-DC power module that 24V/5v exports.In practice, the power supplies such as the power module of separately power supply is the current sensing unit of confluxing in detection system can also be adopted.
Voltage acquisition unit: for carrying out the Real-time Collection of voltage to the input of the header boxs at different levels in Fig. 1 or output, and send the voltage of collection to data processing unit and carry out Correlation method for data processing.Correspondingly, the magnitude of voltage that data acquisition unit can transmit according to voltage acquisition unit calculates the I/O power of header box at different levels.According to input/input power, whether judging unit can judge in preset range whether header box is in normal operating conditions, if voltage or performance number exceed preset range, then judge that input is abnormal.
Communication module: for transmitting in real time the data of the header box in photovoltaic array, such as by data processing unit calculate the current value of acquisition rate of change, power, alarm signal etc. transmit to Surveillance center, achieve the communication of the external equipments such as the PC of header box and Surveillance center.Can require and the difference of actual service condition according to user, configure different communication modules, realize wireless transmission or wire transmission, larger is user-friendly to.Communication mode can be established, such as, use wire communication, 485 communication modes, the transmission of standard MODBUS agreement.
DC lightning prevention module: be arranged on header box, position that the PC etc. of Surveillance center needs lightning protection, for carrying out lightning protection to header box.Because solar battery group string, header box etc. in photovoltaic array are used for open air, therefore configuring direct current lightning-protection module realizes lightning protection.DC lightning prevention module is that electricity piece is commonly used in this area, and concrete structure no longer describes in detail herein.
Circuit breaker: be coupled to header box, after the solar battery group string that judging unit judges to have input to connect or upper level header box are in abnormal operation, trigger circuit breaker and disconnects.Circuit breaker voltage grade preferably can reach 1000V, and current class is determined according to the input sum of solar panel current parameters and header box access.
Fuse: between the solar panel being connected on solar battery group string, between solar battery group string and the input of header box, the output of upper level header box and the input of next stage header box, the position of overcurrent easily occurs between the output of N level header box and inverter etc.; for the protection of the harm of electronic device from overcurrent; if do not add protection, this overcurrent likely cause electronic device malfunctioning, overheated, damage even on fire.If fuse grade is excessive, cannot defencive function be provided, if too small, then cannot normally work.Therefore, when selecting fuse, need to require according to the class rating of photovoltaic array and relevant criterion and determine.The minimum level of fuse can be obtained by the calculation of short-circuit current of circuit in photovoltaic array, if local standard does not have particular/special requirement, and Isc (short circuit current) value of the fuse preferably used and minimum 1.56 times of the rated value demand fulfillment of wiring.Fuse is that electricity piece is commonly used in this area, no longer describes in detail its structure herein.
Counnter attack diode: for better realizing route protection, can be connected in series counnter attack diode in each road solar battery group string.
If needed, other analog acquisition unit can also be matched, as temperature, humidity etc.
Although the present invention is described in conjunction with above embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, and only by the restriction of claim, those of ordinary skill in the art can easily modify to it and change, but do not leave essential idea of the present invention and scope.
Claims (7)
1. for a detection method of confluxing for header box, described header box comprises multiple input and an output, and each input connects the output of solar battery group string or upper level header box, and it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Sense the current value of each input;
Calculate the rate of change of the current value of each input;
Judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, wherein said first predetermined value is less than zero and described second predetermined value is greater than zero, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions.
2. detection method of confluxing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
If the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than described first predetermined value, if or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than described second predetermined value, if, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
3. detection method of confluxing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
If the solar battery group string having input to connect or upper level header box are in abnormal operation, then carry out alarm.
4. for a detection system of confluxing for header box, described header box comprises multiple input and an output, and each input connects the output of solar battery group string or upper level header box, and it is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Current sensing unit, for sensing the current value of each input;
Data processing unit, for calculating the rate of change of the current value of each input;
Judging unit, for judging according to the rate of change of current value whether the solar battery group string that described input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if the judged result that the rate of change that the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the current value of the first predetermined value or described input is greater than the second predetermined value is no, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, wherein said first predetermined value is less than zero and described second predetermined value is greater than zero.
5. detection system of confluxing according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described judging unit also for:
If the rate of change of the current value of described input is less than the first predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also less than described first predetermined value, if or the rate of change of the current value of described input is greater than the second predetermined value, judge whether that the rate of change of the current value of adjacent or close other inputs one or more is also greater than described second predetermined value, if, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in normal operating conditions, if not, then judge that the solar battery group string that this input connects or upper level header box are in abnormal operation.
6. the detection system of confluxing according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Alarm Unit, after being in abnormal operation, carries out alarm for the solar battery group string that judges at described judging unit to have input to connect or upper level header box.
7. a solar power station, it is characterized in that, described solar power station comprises the detection system of confluxing described in solar battery group string, N level header box and any one of claim 4 to 6, wherein N be more than or equal to 2 integer, wherein except the input of one-level header box is directly contacted with described solar battery group and connect, input described at least one of other arbitrary grade of header box is connected with the output of upper level header box, described detection system of confluxing detected confluxing of header box at different levels, and the output current of N level header box is through the access grid-connected point of inverter.
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