CN104774413A - Polymer-based composite material sensing civil engineering structure super-deformation, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polymer-based composite material sensing civil engineering structure super-deformation, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polymer-based composite material sensing civil engineering structure super-deformation, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The polymer-based composite material is prepared from the raw materials of polyacrylamide, montmorillonite, water, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a carbon-based material. With the adhesiveness of polyacrylamide after absorbing water, montmorillonite is added in polyacrylamide, such that a polymer-based material with adjustable flexibility and large deformation is prepared; and the carbon-based material is doped in the polymer substrate, such that the composite material with good conductivity is prepared. According to the strain-sensing composite material provided by the invention, polymer is adopted as a substrate, and the material is flexible, such that the material can sense the super-deformation of a civil engineering structure. The raw materials needed in the preparation are easy to obtain. The preparation method and needed instrument are easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to polymer matrix composite of a kind of perception distortion and preparation method thereof and application, particularly relate to polymer matrix composite of a kind of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Civil engineering structure relates to the every aspect of human lives, has great meaning to the monitoring of structure.Civil engineering structure is namely built on the ground or underground, in land or water, be directly or indirectly the various job facilities of human lives, production, military affairs, Scientific Research Service, such as house, road, dykes and dams, bridge, power station, drome and protection works.There were a large amount of buildings, bridge and other communal facilitys to cause irremediable great life and financial loss because of structure deteriorate in recent years, and if can be good at structure monitoring, so just can reduce the loss as far as possible.So in order to ensure safety, reduce the loss, need to monitor structural damage distortion, to reach the object just making safeguard procedures before destruction in advance.
To the deformation monitoring of structure, staff also does excessive quantifier elimination.Be typically employed in body structure surface and paste foil gauge or strainometer, but there is the little shortcoming of cost deformation range that is high and monitoring in this kind of method.In recent years, along with carrying out of conducting polymer composite research comprehensively, staff studies drawing of its various characteristic relevant to conduction such as quick, pressure-sensitive, temperature sensitive.Particularly conductive polymer composites, owing to having characteristic and the electroconductibility of macromolecular material, and preparation technology is simple, so receive much concern.Current finding report concentrates on and draws sensitivity research to conductive silicon rubber, and is out of shape less; But the quick research of drawing of material of the present invention be have not been reported.
So, if work out the polymer matrix composite that can produce perception to the distortion of civil engineering structure, be laid on the distortion of body structure surface monitor structure, particularly can the super large distortion of perception civil engineering structure, and then early warning can be provided for accident, reduce the loss.
Summary of the invention
Polymer matrix composite that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of perception civil engineering structure super large to be out of shape and preparation method thereof and application, this matrix material take polymkeric substance as matrix, and this material is flexible, perception can be carried out to the super large distortion of civil engineering structure.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion, be made up of polyacrylamide, montmorillonite, water, methylcellulose gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbon-based material and form, described carbon-based material comprises carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and carbon black, wherein: by quality ratio, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=2 ~ 4:10 ~ 20:15 ~ 25, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3 ~ 4:3 ~ 5; The consumption of carbon-based material is 2.4 ~ 3.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total mass, and the consumption of methylcellulose gum is 0.2 ~ 0.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total mass, and the consumption of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 15 ~ 25% of carbon nanotube.
A preparation method for above-mentioned polymer matrix composite, the cohesiveness after utilizing polyacrylamide to absorb water, fills montmorillonite wherein and prepares the adjustable polymer-based material with gross distortion of flexibility; In polymeric matrix, admixture carbon-based material prepares the good matrix material of electroconductibility.Concrete preparation process is as follows:
One, in a certain amount of water, add carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and as the methylcellulose gum of dispersion agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone, hand mixing is evenly placed in Ultrasonic cell smash disperses 0.5 ~ 2 hour, and in dispersion process, ensure that temperature can not be too high, at about 20 ~ 30 DEG C, disperse with ultrasonic cleaner again, each dispersion 20 ~ 40 minutes, second time dispersion is carried out at interval after 30 minutes, be divided into loose 4 times;
Two, carbon black is added in the dispersion liquid obtained in step one, stir with agitator for cement mortar, stir while add the uniform polyacrylamide of mix and montmorillonite lentamente, first low rate mixing 3 ~ 5 minutes, rear rapid stirring 5 ~ 8 minutes, carry out secondary stirring after 24 hours 3 ~ 5 minutes, so far each dispersion of materials is even;
Three, anode material step 2 prepared is clogged in mould, dense extrusion.
Above-mentioned polymer matrix composite can be out of shape for monitor structure being laid on civil engineering structure surface.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is as follows:
By the starting material required for preparation matrix material of the present invention by the artificial and technique such as machine stirring and ultrasonic disperse, prepare finely dispersed polymer matrix composite.Cohesiveness after utilizing polyacrylamide to absorb water, as framework, fills montmorillonite wherein, by regulating the flexibility of the proportion adjustment material of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite; The electroconductibility that the carbon-based material that mutually can be overlapped to form conductive network effectively can improve material is mixed in body material; The anode material of the present invention's research is viscoelastic body, and the extensibility that material can reach before tension fracture can reach 100%, i.e. 1,000,000 microstrains; The resistance of material of the present invention changes along with its extensibility, utilizes this variation relation to carry out perception to the distortion of structure; And by this material of verification experimental verification, not there is reusable character.
The present invention gives the preparation method of the funtcional relationship between the resistance of material and extensibility, test principle, required various starting material and matrix material.According to each raw-material proportioning provided in the present invention and preparation technology, final preparation draws can the matrix material of perceptual structure distortion, especially can the super large distortion of perception civil engineering structure.The present invention has the following advantages:
1, matrix material of the present invention can pass through to change polyacrylamide and montmorillonite consumption, and then the flexibility of adjustment material.
2, the matrix material of perception of the present invention strain the distortion of perception can reach 1,000,000 microstrains, and in the perception of civil engineering structure field is the super large distortion of structure.
3, The present invention gives the definite relation formula between a kind of resistance value of matrix material of proportioning and extensibility, whereby can perception distortion by monitoring resistor.
4, the every starting material required for preparation of matrix material easily obtain, and the instrument of preparation method and needs easily realizes, so the convenient preparation of matrix material of the present invention.
5, in Practical Project by being laid on body structure surface, by the distortion of monitoring material resistance change in resistance perceptual structure, matrix material provided by the invention is the flexible composite that can produce moderate finite deformation, should be different from general strain sensing material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is four electrode test schematic diagrams;
Fig. 2 is test result matching.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described; but be not limited thereto; everyly technical solution of the present invention modified or equivalent to replace, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one: the polymer matrix composite and preparation method thereof that present embodiments provide for the distortion of a kind of perception civil engineering work super large, illustrates one by one to the perception deformation performance of matrix material and preparation method below.
One, the preparation of matrix material
In present embodiment, the preparation process of material, the consumption of each material and preparation technology are described as follows:
Water in the starting material that in present embodiment, matrix material uses: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3:5, carbon fiber in carbon-based material: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, concrete operation step:
(1) in 150g water, carbon fiber 0.265g, carbon nanotube 1.326g and methylcellulose gum 0.48g and polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.265g, wherein carbon fiber is added: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, hand mixing 3 minutes; Stirring is placed in Ultrasonic cell smash and disperses 1 hour, then with ultrasonic washing instrument dispersion, disperses 30 minutes at every turn, and second time dispersion is carried out at interval after 30 minutes, be divided into loose 4 times, namely 2 hours;
(2) add carbon black 1.768g in the dispersion liquid obtained in step (1), stir 3 minutes with agitator for cement mortar; Stir while add mix uniform polyacrylamide 45g and montmorillonite 75g lentamente, (paddle revolution 65r/min) stirs 4 minutes first at a slow speed, rear (paddle revolution 125r/min) fast stirs 6 minutes, secondary stirring is carried out after 24 hours, (paddle revolution 65r/min) stirs 4 minutes at a slow speed, and so far each dispersion of materials is even;
(3) complete the composite anode materials of preparation according to step (1) and step (2), sealed preservation, need the difference of mould by the filling of the anode material of above-mentioned preparation in mould according to test, dense extrusion.
Two, matrix material perception deformation performance
Polymer matrix composite of the present invention utilizes the relation of resistance value and tensile deformation, makes material have the effect of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion.It is water that the present invention provides a kind of proportioning by test: polyacrylamide :=10:3:5 joined by montmorillonite, and carbon-based material consumption is the relation between the resistance value of 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount and extensibility.What concrete test adopted is the resistance of four electrode method test material under given tensile elongation, is drawn the variation relation of the electrical resistance extensibility of material by data processing.
The four electrode test principles that the present invention adopts are shown in Fig. 1, four electrode samples are of a size of labelled size in figure, adopt capture card two channel acquisition, passage is in parallel with reference resistor gathers its voltage U 1, another passage is in parallel with middle two electrodes gathers both end voltage U2, then utilizes formula R2=U2R1/U1 can obtain the resistance of part test specimen to be measured.The step-length stretched to test specimen in test is 2mm, and Elongation test is eventually pulled completely disconnected to test specimen always.Power acquisition constant current in the present invention, in order to the value reducing polarizing current should be as far as possible little, ensures that capture card can collect numerical value, adopts electric current to be 0.001A in this test.
In Fig. 2, curve represents the test result of 3 samples respectively, be the typical curve that the present invention obtains data fitting compared with bold curve in figure, can learn that the pass existed between the resistance of material of the present invention and extensibility is according to typical curve: y=197.99817+0.09308 × exp (8.63158 × x), wherein y represents resistance, and x represents extensibility.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3:4, carbon fiber in carbon-based material: carbon nanotube: carbon black=2:10:25, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.3% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 18% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:3, carbon fiber in carbon-based material: carbon nanotube: carbon black=4:20:15, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.5% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 22% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 3.2% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
Embodiment four: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:4, carbon fiber in carbon-based material: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
Embodiment five: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:5, carbon fiber in carbon-based material: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
Claims (8)
1. the polymer matrix composite of a perception civil engineering structure super large distortion, it is characterized in that described polymer matrix composite is made up of polyacrylamide, montmorillonite, water, methylcellulose gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbon-based material to form, described carbon-based material comprises carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and carbon black, wherein: by quality ratio, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=2 ~ 4:10 ~ 20:15 ~ 25, water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3 ~ 4:3 ~ 5; The consumption of carbon-based material is 2.4 ~ 3.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total mass, and the consumption of methylcellulose gum is 0.2 ~ 0.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total mass, and the consumption of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 15 ~ 25% of carbon nanotube.
2. the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3:5, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
3. the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:3:4, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=2:10:25, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.3% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 18% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.6% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
4. the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:3, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=4:20:15, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.5% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 22% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 3.2% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
5. the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:4, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
6. the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water: polyacrylamide: montmorillonite=10:4:5, carbon fiber: carbon nanotube: carbon black=3:15:20, methylcellulose gum consumption is 0.4% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount, polyvinylpyrrolidone consumption is 20% of carbon nanotube, and the consumption of carbon-based material is 2.8% of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite total amount.
7. a preparation method for the polymer matrix composite of perception civil engineering structure super large distortion described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-6, is characterized in that described method steps is as follows:
One, in a certain amount of water, add carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and as the methylcellulose gum of dispersion agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone, hand mixing is evenly placed in Ultrasonic cell smash disperses 0.5 ~ 2 hour, and in dispersion process, ensure that temperature can not be too high, at about 20 ~ 30 DEG C, disperse with ultrasonic cleaner again, each dispersion 20 ~ 40 minutes, second time dispersion is carried out at interval after 30 minutes, be divided into loose 4 times;
Two, carbon black is added in the dispersion liquid obtained in step one, stir with agitator for cement mortar, stir while add the uniform polyacrylamide of mix and montmorillonite lentamente, first low rate mixing 3 ~ 5 minutes, rear rapid stirring 5 ~ 8 minutes, carry out secondary stirring after 24 hours 3 ~ 5 minutes, so far each dispersion of materials is even;
Three, anode material step 2 prepared is clogged in mould, dense extrusion.
8. polymer matrix composite described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-6 be laid on civil engineering structure surface be out of shape for monitor structure.
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| CN106589737A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 天津盼易科技有限公司 | Novel macromolecular composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101805491A (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-08-18 | 龙海市奈特化工有限责任公司 | Composite material with electromagnetic shielding effect and preparation method thereof |
| KR20120014696A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-20 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Carbon material-polymer composite for shielding and absorption of electromagnetic wave and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102827317A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-19 | 淮阴工学院 | Attapulgite/polyacrylamide composite thickening agent and preparation method |
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| CN101418107A (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Nano graphite high conductivity composite material and preparation method |
| CN101805491A (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-08-18 | 龙海市奈特化工有限责任公司 | Composite material with electromagnetic shielding effect and preparation method thereof |
| KR20120014696A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-20 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Carbon material-polymer composite for shielding and absorption of electromagnetic wave and manufacturing method thereof |
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