CN104770594A - Moist soft granulated bait feed and a preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moist soft granulated bait feed and a preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The present invention relates to moist soft granulated bait feed and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the bait feed is prepared by controlling a pH value and water contents to make the bait feed stable in a water body so that the bait feed is not prone to collapse and scatter; and extruding and granulating materials to make the materials have a certain mass density and granulated dosage regimen characteristics, which makes the bait feed convenient to throw and easy for animals to hold. The bait feed is comprehensive in nutrition and rich in active substances. Compared with the dry granulated feed, the bait feed can avoid problems of loss of nutritional ingredients and inactivation of lactic acid and other active substances in granulating, processing, curing, drying and other process. The bait feed is easy to eat, digest and absorb, and can save resources, reduce water pollution, enhance immune resistance to disease for shrimps
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic feeds and technical field of bioengineering, be specifically related to a kind of moist soft granular bait for fish and preparation method thereof.
Background of invention
Moist bait (Moist Pellet), refers to the solid-state bait of moisture content more (general >=20%).Current moist bait as moist batching mainly with fresh fish or fish slurry, fish oil and water, prepare burden with the dryness such as dry mash (fish meal, bean cake powder, yeast, wheat flour etc.), adhesive, mineral matter, vitamin and anticorrisive agent and is mixed, extrude granulating and form.The fifties in last century, moist bait is used to raise salmon at Ore..The 60-70 age in last century, research has more the moist bait of feature was further moist bait powdery mixed bait and fresh bait being mixed and made into Different Nutrition demand in Japan.China also starts the exploration of this respect the beginning of the nineties, and method is substantially identical, is also to form with dry mash and iced trash fish shrimp mixing granulation.The performance had in output, bait utilization, economic benefit.But said method has following problem, because raw material does not ferment sex change, particle diameter is made lower than the particle difficulty of 1mm, and more little more defeated and dispersed, unstable; Above-mentioned moist bait, in application process, because moisture is higher, easy moldy metamorphism, should not to be preserved for a long time, also should not transport for long-distance, to self-produced personal all right, do not solve as these quality problems of gyp bait factory, cultivation user then dare not use this series products.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems referred to above existed in existing aquatic products bait, moist soft granular bait for fish that the invention provides a kind of novelty and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is fully recognized that moist bait benefit, by multiple technologies approach application such as formula, biofermentation, biophysics, granulation techniques, has made a kind of moist soft particle, stable, not easily defeated and dispersed in water body, comprehensive nutrition, active material enriches, absorption easy to digest, makes water body keep clean.Easy transport, easy to store, easily throw something and feed, the shelf-life can reach 180 days.
Specifically, first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of moist soft granular bait for fish, described moist soft granular bait for fish by comprise dregs of beans fine powder, corn fine powder, fish slurry, molasses, fermented bean dregs, fish meal, yeast, wheat flour, shrimp and crab shells powder, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, B B-complex, composite mineral matter material make, its total moisture content is 20-40%, pH is 2.8-5.5.
In a preferred embodiment, in described material, the content of each composition is as follows: dregs of beans fine powder 5 ~ 35 % by weight, corn fine powder 20 ~ 30 % by weight, fish slurry 10 ~ 25% weight, molasses 5 ~ 15 % by weight, fermented bean dregs 15 ~ 35 % by weight, fish meal 5 ~ 15 % by weight, yeast 6 ~ 8% weight, wheat flour 15 ~ 25 % by weight, shrimp and crab shells powder 2 ~ 4 % by weight, soybean lecithin 0.8 ~ 2.2 % by weight, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 % by weight, B B-complex 0.5 ~ 1 % by weight, composite mineral matter 0.5 ~ 1.2 % by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, described bait is standby by fermentation.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of described bait is 0.2-3mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the shape of wherein said bait is capsule shape or spheroidal.
In a preferred embodiment, wherein said bait enters 2 hours scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratios in water and is less than or equal to 16%.
In a preferred embodiment, the crude protein content of wherein said bait is 15-50 % by weight, is preferably 38 % by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, described moist soft granular bait for fish is fish or shrimp or cub feed, is more preferably shrimp feed.
Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method preparing moist soft granular bait for fish, and described method comprises the following steps successively:
A. by comprise dregs of beans fine powder 5 ~ 35 % by weight, corn fine powder 20 ~ 30 % by weight, fish slurry 10 ~ 25% weight, molasses 5 ~ 15 % by weight material mix with water.
B. prebiotic bacterial classification is added, anaerobic fermentation;
C. the fermented bean dregs 15 ~ 35 % by weight of ultramicro grinding will be comprised, fish meal 5 ~ 15 % by weight, yeast 6 ~ 8% weight, wheat flour 15 ~ 25 % by weight, shrimp and crab shells powder 2 ~ 4 % by weight, soybean lecithin 0.8 ~ 2.2 % by weight, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 % by weight, B B-complex 0.5 ~ 1 % by weight, the material of composite mineral matter 0.5 ~ 1.2 % by weight is mixed into the product of step b, make total moisture content be 20-40%, adjust ph is to 2.8-5.5.
D. granulate under lower than 60 DEG C of conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, the material water weight ratio in step a is 1:0.65 ~ 1.3.
In a preferred embodiment, the probio in step b include but not limited to bacillus coagulans, streptococcus fecalis, lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum one or more.
The harmful substances such as in a preferred embodiment, described probio improves animal digesting and assimilating nutriment on the one hand, another aspect metabolism heavy metal, enter good circulation to make cultivation.Therefore, as long as may be used to the present invention for the probio that animal digestion absorbs and feeding environment is useful.
In a preferred embodiment, described probio adds with the form of liquid spawn.
In a preferred embodiment, in step b, the terminal of anaerobic fermentation is pH3 ~ 5, total acid content 10 ~ 22%.
In a preferred embodiment, the total moisture content 20-28% in step c.
In a preferred embodiment, the pH value in step c is 2.8-5.2, maintains acid condition to stop fungus growth.
In a preferred embodiment, granulate in steps d lower than 60 DEG C, preferably lower than 40 DEG C of conditions under carry out.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of produced bait of granulating in steps d is 0.2-3mm.Particle size within the scope of this artificially reduces particle diameter 20% when granulating, thus expand 15-25% after being incorporated into water, and what be applicable to prawn embraces food.
In a preferred embodiment, the shape of produced bait of granulating in steps d is capsule shape or spheroidal.
By of the present invention soft granular bait for fish prepared by method of the present invention, there is multiple advantage.
Particularly, first, under described total moisture content and pH, the trend that partially protein is dissociated into positive and negative ion is equal, net charge goes to zero, now protein-colloid can be assembled mutually, and partial proteolysis, produce gelation, thus possess retentiveness, and then ensure that the stability in shrimp pool water body, not easily defeated and dispersed, and without the need to adding other adhesives;
Secondly, described water content make material extrude granulate time frictional force and pressure less, temperature raises and is no more than 8 DEG C, thus retentive activity material (e.g., lactic acid bacteria) and other heat-sensitive materials (e.g., enzyme and vitamin) to greatest extent;
Finally, after the particle possessing this water content enters water, the pressure reduction of particle surface and the water body suffered by inside is less, weakens particle four loose power in water.
Compared with traditional dryness particle prawn feed, in soft granular bait for fish of the present invention, macromolecular protein ferments through beneficial microbe, and nutrition is better; And be rich in the metabolite produced and the heat-sensitive active material of fermentation; Moist soft bead dosage form palatability is better in addition.
Compared with common fermentation prawn feed, various beneficiating ingredient mixes and mediates in each particle by soft granular bait for fish of the present invention, and prawn individuality feed nutrition is more balanced; For bead dosage form, be more suitable for cultivating the custom that feeds intake of user, more convenient when feeding intake, even, good directionality, little by the impact of outdoor wind-force.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
In the preparation of the soft granular bait for fish of the present invention and water, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio measures
1. prepare
By bacillus coagulans, streptococcus fecalis, lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum liquid spawn access package containing dregs of beans fine powder 35 % by weight, corn fine powder 30 % by weight, fish slurry 25 % by weight, in the material of molasses 10 % by weight and the mixture of water, lower 38 DEG C of material-water ratio 1:0.65 clean environment, anaerobic fermentation, when 72, pH4.0 total acid content 16%.Be mixed into the fermented bean dregs 35 % by weight comprising ultramicro grinding again, fish meal 15 % by weight, yeast 8 % by weight, wheat flour 25 % by weight, shrimp and crab shells powder 4 % by weight, soybean lecithin 0.8 % by weight, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 % by weight, B B-complex 0.5 % by weight, the material of composite mineral matter 0.5 % by weight, control total moisture content 25%, pH value 4.8, mix under lower than 40 DEG C of conditions, granulate, according to soft granular size, adjustment granulation pressure, particle diameter is 1.2mm, the heat that material rubs when extruding and granulating and pressure produces is reduced by the circulating water on granulator, control pelleting temperature and rise above 8 DEG C.
Wherein,
Fish meal is the standard fish meal (albumen 62%) of Qingdao Xiang Run aquatic products development corporation, Ltd.;
Yeast is the feed grade yeast of Qinhuangdao Li Hua starch Co., Ltd;
Wheat flour is the five wheat time powder of getting profit Zhao County flour Co., Ltd of group;
Shrimp and crab shells powder is the common shrimp and crab shells powder of Yongping, Wenzhou fish meal Co., Ltd;
Soybean lecithin is the feed grade soybean lecithin powder of Zhenbao Island, Heilungkiang bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate is the feed-level calcium biphosphate of Jinan Sheng Lin Chemical Co., Ltd., 22% content;
The deposit number of bacillus coagulans is: CGMCC (China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center) 1.2009, the deposit number of streptococcus fecalis is: ACCC (Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center): 10180, the deposit number of lactobacillus acidophilus is: CICC (Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center) 6088, the deposit number of Lactobacillus plantarum is: ACCC11016).
Dregs of beans, corn are commercial, then use micronizer (prompt happy board of receiving, JYNU75-75 type) to be crushed to 70 orders acquisition dregs of beans fine powder and corn fine powders; Fish slurry is bought from Rongcheng, Shandong Jian Huang aquatic food Co., Ltd; Molasses purchase from Hei Qian gulf, Liuzhou city, Guangxi province molasses Co., Ltd the cane molasses bought in sugar refinery;
Fermented bean dregs is the CP48 type fermented bean dregs bought from Zhejiang Kefeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
B B-complex and composite mineral matter are the special additive of the ecological shrimp bought from Guangzhou Xing Teng bioengineering Co., Ltd.
The component content of described B B-complex per kilogram is: dehydroretinol 800,000 IU, vitamine D3 1,200,000 IU, vitamin K 1500mg, vitamin E 50 5000mg, vitamin B1 1000mg, vitamin B2 16000mg, vitamin B6 3000mg, vitamin B12 15mg, hydrochloric acid and niacinamide 70000mg, folic acid 5000mg, calcium pantothenate 30000mg, biotin 100mg, L-AA 400000mg, inositol 150000mg.
Described composite mineral matter per kilogram component content is: copper 4g, iron 15g, zinc 11g, manganese 2g, iodine 0.3g, selenium 0.05g, cobalt 0.2g, magnesium 16g, potassium 30g.
Soft particle is loaded with can only give vent to anger can not air inlet check valve packaging bag in, load Special packaging box, warehouse-in.
2. in water, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio measures
Instrument and equipment:
Balance: sensibility reciprocal is 0.01g
With aperture be 0.450mm (being less than the feed of 1.5mm for particle diameter), the metallic sieve of 0.850mm (being equal to and greater than the feed of 1.5mm for particle diameter) shines mesh screen (the high 6.5cm made respectively, diameter is 6.5cm, in drum-shaped).
Rule: precision is 0.1cm
Thermometer: precision is 0.1 DEG C
Stopwatch
Constant temperature electric heating baking oven: 105 DEG C ± 2 DEG C
Drier
Determination step:
Take soft particle sample of the present invention three parts, every part of 10g, first get portion (control sample) in baking oven 105 DEG C, dry to constant weight.Other 2 parts (experiment samples) are done parallel laboratory test: putting into the aperture got ready is respectively 0.450mm mesh screen, mesh screen is placed in the dark sea container of interior Sheng 5.5cm; Seawater water temperature is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, and salinity is 20; 2h to be dipped into, carries each three times up and down mesh screen from bottom to the water surface, makes feed leave mesh screen bottom surface, then take out mesh screen during sinking, feed in mesh screen is put 105 DEG C of baking ovens and dries to constant weight; Get arithmetic average, allow relative deviation to be 4%.In water, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio presses formulae discovery below:
C＝(m
0-m)/m
0×100
In formula:
C-scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, %;
M
0-dry rear control sample quality, unit is gram (g);
M-tests sample quality after drying, and unit is gram (g).
As calculated, bait of the present invention enters 2 hours scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratios in water is 10%.
Embodiment 2
In laboratory, the logical prestige board Penaeus Vannmei special feed that soft granular bait for fish of the present invention and market are bought is contrasted
1. experimental program:
By experiment Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, in Xiamen Aquatic Products Inst. Attached to Jimei Univ. test center seawater indoor water circulatory system, carry out culture experiment.
Support temporarily after 2 weeks in cement pit, select size evenly, the shrimp seedling of bouncing puts into glass jar (water body volume 60*80*100cm) at random, 100 tails put in a suitable place to breed by every cylinder, are divided into soft granular bait for fish group and common dryness pellet control group, often organize 4 repetitions.Employing is satiated with food the method for throwing something and feeding, and throw something and feed every day 3 times (8:00,14:00 and 20:00), and suitably adjust feeding volume (feeding volume is often organized unanimously, free choice feeding) according to the situation of ingesting of prawn, the test period is 28 days.Duration of test continuous charge, natural lighting, water condition is water temperature 25 ~ 29 DEG C, salinity 1.0 ~ 3.0, pH 6.8 ~ 7.2.
2. experimental result:
(1), prawn growth performance index and computing formula as follows:
Specific growth rate (%/d)=[(ln is the initial average weight of last average weight-ln eventually)/raise number of days] x100%;
Body weight increase rate %=[(whole opisthosoma weight-original body mass)/original body mass × 100%; Wherein, whole opisthosoma weight and original body mass are all often organize average weight
Day growth speed=body weight evolution/experimental period × 100%; Wherein body weight evolution opisthosoma weight by experiment-test except body weight obtains.
The quantity of the body weight/experimental group shrimp of the average weight=experimental group shrimp in end eventually
As shown in table 1 to the result of calculation of above-mentioned parameter.
Table 1
| Control group | Soft granular bait for fish group | |
| Specific growth rate (%/d) | 10.31±1.68 | 15.21±4.08 * |
| Body weight increase rate (%) | 11030±3864 | 16735±4479 ** |
| Day growth speed (%) | 13.18±3.14 | 18.51±5.65 * |
| Eventually end average heavy (gram) | 8.006±2.46 | 10.367±3.67 * |
* represent compared with control group, significant difference (P < 0.05), * * represents compared with control group, and difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01)
(2) lipase of prawn intestines, hepatopancrease, protease and amylase activity measure
Cultivation terminates rear fasting 24h, every cylinder is got 10 tail shrimps at random and is placed in ice pan and dissects, take out stomach, hepatopancrease and the enteron aisle normal saline flushing after 4 DEG C of precoolings, after filter paper blots, homogenate is mixed with tissue homogenate on request, partial homogenate liquid is directly used in the mensuration of lipase active, supernatant is got as crude enzyme liquid, for measuring protease and amylase activity after residue homogenate is centrifugal.Measurement result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
* represent compared with control group, significant difference (P < 0.05), * * represents compared with control group, and difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01)
From table 1,2, the body weight increase rate of prawn, specific growth rate and day growth rate all higher than control group, this illustrates that soft granular bait for fish group can improve the utilization rate of animal to feed nutrition material, and can improve its alimentary canal protease and amylase activity.
(3) immunity function of shrimp Indexs measure
Prawn immune system mainly contains two aspects: be on the one hand triggering cell immune system, comprises the engulfing of haemocyte, wraps and cover and the immune response such as aggegation; Also can bring out immunity system on the other hand, comprise the defense function of enzyme in hemolymph or body fluid (as lysozyme, phenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase etc.), immune factor (as agglutinin, hemolysin etc.) and regulatory factor (as prophenoloxidase-activating system etc.).
1, oxidation activity enzyme:
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are all the representative indexs for weighing anti-oxidation function in animal body.SOD is active closely related with hydrobiological immune level, plays an important role for the immunologic function strengthening phagocyte defence capability and whole body.
2, non-oxide active enzyme:
(1), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) participate in transfer and the metabolism of phosphoric acid machine group in vivo directly, is body growth metabolism, keeps homeostasis and maintain the necessary enzyme of body health.
(2), phenol oxidase (Phenoloxidase, PO) be one of humoral indications, defense reaction-the comprise release participating in host has the viscous protein of opsonic action, promote engulfing and packing of haemocyte, produce multiple factor mediation condensation and solidify, and producing Fungicidal substance etc.It is generally acknowledged that the effect of the PO system of crustacean is equivalent to vertebrate complement system.
Therefore, the present invention measures above-mentioned enzyme as the index evaluating immunity function of shrimp.Concrete operations are as follows:
The preparation of prawn serum: after off-test, 30 tail shrimps are taken out from each sample, insert the cardiocoelom extraction blood of shrimp with 1ml asepsis injector after, put into aseptic finger-type centrifuge tube, the preservation of 4 DEG C, refrigerator, after blood clotting, 4 DEG C, the centrifugal 10min of 5000r/min, pipettes supernatant and namely obtains serum, and-20 DEG C save backup.
Measuring method is as follows: following kit all builds up bio tech ltd purchased from Nanjing.Concrete operations are carried out according to kit description.
1, superoxide dismutase (SOD): kit builds up biotechnology research institute SOD kit (WST-1 method) purchased from Nanjing, specification: 96 times, product batch number 20131103.Article No.: A001-3.Adopt WST-1 method (WST has sulfonic solubility monotetrazolium salt)
High water soluble tetrazolium salts WST-1 (2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrobenzophenone)-5-(2,4-disulfonic acid phenyl)-2 hydrogen-tetrazolium salts, disodium salt), can with superoxide anion (O
2 -) a kind of water miscible dyestuff of reaction generation.The ratio that WST-1 is reduced by superoxide anion is relevant to the active linear of xanthine oxidase, and can suppress by SOD.Therefore, the IC of SOD or SOD analog
50(inhibition concentration of 50%) just can measure by colorimetric method.Measure SOD vigor, following table handling
Wherein, enzyme working solution is the SOD enzyme by enzyme diluted; Enzyme dilution is the phosphate buffer of 0.1mol/L pH7.2; Substrate application liquid: the WST lysate after diluting 10 times.
Computing formula: SOD inhibiting rate (%)={ (it is blank that A contrasts-A contrast)-(A measures-A and measures blank) }/(it is blank that A contrasts-A contrast) * 100%
Extension rate before SOD vigor (U/ml)=SOD inhibiting rate (%) ÷ 50% × reaction system extension rate (0.24ml/0.02ml) × test sample
2, catalase (CAT) (U/ml): kit builds up biotechnology research institute purchased from Nanjing
catalase (CAT) measures kit (ultraviolet method), specification: 100T/96 time, product batch number 20131023.Article No.: A007-2.Ultraviolet absorption method, blood serum sample direct-detection.
Determination step is as follows:
(1), the preparation of CAT testing liquid: the used time is at every bottle of 100uL reagent two (0.1mol/L H
2o
2) in add 20mL reagent one (0.2mol/L pH7.8 phosphate buffer), fully mix, as working solution.
(2), measure before by CAT testing liquid chamber temperature placement, make it temperature and be not less than room temperature.
(3), get 1mLCAT testing liquid in 1mL quartz colorimetric utensil, then add 35 μ L serum, mixing; The light absorption value A2 after initial light absorption value A1 and 1min under 240nm is measured immediately under room temperature.
CAT activity calculates: the definition of the calculating of change of serum C AT vigor: CAT (U/L)=750 × (A1-A2) unit: often liter of serum (slurry) catalysis 1umol H per minute in reaction system
2o
2degraded is defined as an enzyme activity unit.
3, acid phosphatase (ACP) (AAS), kit builds up biotechnology research institute purchased from Nanjing
acid phosphatase (ACP) measures kit (AAS), specification: 500T/48 time, product batch number 20131109.Article No.: A060-1.The characteristic of phenyl phosphate composition can be decomposed according to acid phosphatase (AP), determine the content of phenol under respective wavelength with phenol reagent, and calculate the activity of enzyme accordingly.
Phenol Standard Applying Solution: 0.1mg/1ml; Buffer solution: 0.1mol/L carbonate buffer solution (pH 10).Matrix liquid: get disodium phenyl phosphate 2H
2o 6 grams, 4-AA 3 grams, is dissolved in respectively and boils in cooled distilled water, and two liquid mix and are diluted to 1000 milliliters; Alkali lye: 0.1mol/L NaOH, developer: high-potassium ferricyanide solution, compound method is as follows, takes boric acid 28g, high-potassium ferricyanide 48g, is dissolved in 400ml distilled water separately, and after two liquid merging, adding distil water, to 1000ml, is put in brown bottle and preserved again.
Mix immediately, room temperature leaves standstill 10 minutes, and in 520nm, 1cm optical path, blank tube returns to zero, and surveys each pipe absorbance.
Computing formula: acid phosphatase (ACP) (U/100ml)=(measuring OD value ÷ standard OD value) × standard pipe is containing phenol amount (0.005mg) × (100ml/0.05ml)
4, the method of the mensuration reference Ashida that phenol oxidase (PO) (U) serum phenol oxidase (PO) is active, [ASHIDA M.Purification and characterization of prophenol oxidasefrom hemolymph of the silkworm Bombyx mori [J] .Arch Biochem Biophy, 1971, 144:749-762.] 10 μ L serum are added in 96 hole ELISA Plates, then in each hole, add people 200 μ L concentration is 0.1 mol/L, pH is the phosphate buffer of 6.0, L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine liquid (the 0.01mol/L that 10 μ L concentration are 0.01 mol/L is added in the most backward each sample hole, Sigma Products), vibrate 4 times, read the light absorption value at 490 nm places every 4 min in ELIASA.Enzyme activity with under experimental condition, OD
490being worth increase by 0.001 per minute is 1 enzyme activity unit.
Result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
* represent compared with control group, significant difference (P < 0.05), * * represents compared with control group, and difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01)
Visible, soft granular bait for fish of feeding can improve the biologically active of shrimp SOD, CAT, AC and PO, can improve the immunity of prawn to a certain extent.
The mensuration of crude protein content in the moist soft granular bait for fish of embodiment 3
The mensuration of the crude protein content in the moist soft granular bait for fish of the present invention is carried out according to the national standard (National Standard of the People's Republic of China, crude protein determining method GB/T 6,432 one 94 in feed) of crude protein determining method in feed.
Measurement result is: crude protein content is 38%.
Embodiment 4 application data on the spot
In order to detect the effect of soft granular bait for fish of the present invention in actual production, in June, 2014, we used in Zhai village village, Xiqing District, Tianjin cultivates on the spot, this raiser has four mouthfuls of ponds, take out wherein a bite pond and do the soft particle of use, other three mouthfuls of ponds use logical prestige board ordinary rigid pellet, the results are shown in table 4.
Table 4
Note: waiting indefinitely disease steathily because there is prawn in No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 shrimp pools, goes out the pool in advance for reducing the loss.Feed coefficient is also known as increasing meat factor, the i.e. ratio of bait consumption and cultivated animals institute gain in weight.
As seen from Table 4, use the pond feed coefficient of soft granular bait for fish lower, save feed; Prawn physique is comparatively strong, and not susceptible disease, makes the culture-cycle lengthen, and need not receive shrimp in advance, and single shrimp body weight is high; Deng.
Claims (10)
1. a moist soft granular bait for fish, described moist soft granular bait for fish by comprise dregs of beans fine powder, corn fine powder, fish slurry, molasses, fermented bean dregs, fish meal, yeast, wheat flour, shrimp and crab shells powder, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, B B-complex, composite mineral matter material make, its total moisture content is 20-40%, pH is 2.8-5.5.
2. moist soft granular bait for fish according to claim 1, the particle size of described bait is 0.2-3mm.
3. moist soft granular bait for fish according to claim 1, the shape of wherein said bait is capsule shape or spheroidal.
4. moist soft granular bait for fish according to claim 1, wherein said bait enters 2 hours scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratios in water and is less than or equal to 16%.
5. moist soft granular bait for fish according to claim 1, the crude protein content of wherein said bait is 15-50 % by weight, is preferably 38 % by weight.
6. prepare a method for moist soft granular bait for fish, described method comprises the following steps successively:
A. by comprising dregs of beans fine powder 5 ~ 35 % by weight, corn fine powder 20 ~ 30 % by weight, fish slurry 10 ~ 25 % by weight, the material of molasses 5 ~ 15 % by weight mix with water;
B. probio is added, anaerobic fermentation;
C. the fermented bean dregs 15 ~ 35 % by weight of ultramicro grinding will be comprised, fish meal 5 ~ 15 % by weight, yeast 6 ~ 8 % by weight, wheat flour 15 ~ 25 % by weight, shrimp and crab shells powder 2 ~ 4 % by weight, soybean lecithin 0.8 ~ 2.2 % by weight, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 % by weight, B B-complex 0.5 ~ 1 % by weight, the material of composite mineral matter 0.5 ~ 1.2 % by weight is mixed into the product of step b, make total moisture content be 20-40 % by weight, adjust ph is to 2.8-5.5;
D. granulate under lower than 60 DEG C of conditions.
7. method according to claim 6, the material water weight ratio wherein in step a is 1:0.65 ~ 1.3.
8. method according to claim 6, wherein probio described in step b is selected from bacillus coagulans, streptococcus fecalis, lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum or their combination, and preferred described probio adds with the form of liquid spawn.
9. method according to claim 6, wherein in step b, the terminal of anaerobic fermentation is pH3 ~ 5, total acid content 10 ~ 22%.
10. method according to claim 6, the total moisture content wherein in step c is 20-28%, and the endpoint pH in step c is 2.8-5.2.
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| CN105192432A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2015-12-30 | 深圳格林沃环保科技开发有限公司 | Special microbial feed additive for white-leg shrimps and preparation method of special microbial feed additive |
| CN105211567A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 深圳格林沃环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei special nutritional additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN106858190A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-06-20 | 庞德彬 | A kind of soft pellet diet and its preparation method and application |
| CN108142642A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-12 | 山东碧蓝生物科技有限公司 | A kind of nutrition immune type prawn soft pellet diet and preparation method thereof |
| CN108684942A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-23 | 梁凉 | A kind of production method promoting the round soft pellet diet of digestion |
| CN108783084A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | 上海新饲料发展有限公司 | Feed for river crab and preparation method thereof, application |
| CN110036958A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 魏柯 | A kind of cultural method adjusting the Procambius clarkii intestinal flora ecosystem |
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| CN108142642A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-12 | 山东碧蓝生物科技有限公司 | A kind of nutrition immune type prawn soft pellet diet and preparation method thereof |
| CN108684942A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-23 | 梁凉 | A kind of production method promoting the round soft pellet diet of digestion |
| CN110036958A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 魏柯 | A kind of cultural method adjusting the Procambius clarkii intestinal flora ecosystem |
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