CN104768745A - 具有提高的机械性能的夹层复合元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有提高的机械性能的夹层复合元件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104768745A CN104768745A CN201380044586.5A CN201380044586A CN104768745A CN 104768745 A CN104768745 A CN 104768745A CN 201380044586 A CN201380044586 A CN 201380044586A CN 104768745 A CN104768745 A CN 104768745A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cover layer
- composite component
- lower caldding
- polyurethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 64
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
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- IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propylurea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(N)=O IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [acetyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)CCCCCCCC CQQXCSFSYHAZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J dodecanoate tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diamine Natural products NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFBDWTZOYPUBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]formamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC=O WFBDWTZOYPUBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ADRDEXBBJTUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolizidine Chemical compound C1CCN2CCCC21 ADRDEXBBJTUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)的夹层复合元件(100)及其制造方法,其中在所述第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)。根据本发明,在所述泡沫芯体(12)与所述覆盖层(10、11)中的至少一个之间设置下覆盖层(13、14)以便机械加固所述复合元件(100)。
Description
本发明涉及具有第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层的夹层复合元件,其中在所述第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体。
现有技术
EP 1 516 720 B1公开了用于制造夹层复合元件的方法,其具有第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层以及在所述覆盖层之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体。所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体通过在所述覆盖层之一上施加发泡的反应混合物提供。为了提高由所述发泡的反应混合物制备的聚氨酯泡沫芯体与所述覆盖层之间的粘附性,提议将聚氨酯基助粘剂施加到所述覆盖层的内侧上。此助粘剂应当具有400-1200kg/m3的密度和所述助粘剂层的厚度应当维持在50 μm-500 μm。
EP 2 412 526 A1公开了制造具有下述结构的夹层复合元件的另一种方法:其包含两个覆盖层,聚氨酯泡沫芯体位于所述两个覆盖层之间。在此公开文本中同样提议了将助粘剂层放置在所述泡沫芯体与所述覆盖层之间以便提高所述覆盖层与所述泡沫芯体之间的粘附性。
WO 2010/076118 A1公开了夹层复合元件,其包含两个金属覆盖层和设置在其间的聚氨酯泡沫层,以及含有带有潜储热材料胶囊芯的微胶囊的致密聚氨酯层。这旨在提高所述夹层复合元件的热性能。
夹层复合元件可以基本上在不经历显著的机械载荷下用于建筑物的隔热。与之相反,较新的建筑物结构使用夹层复合元件,其例如用于建造工业建筑物的大厅而本身形成所述建筑物的墙壁元件。因此,所述夹层复合元件必须能够承受更大的机械载荷,例如,以便吸收风压力和风吸力。然而,为了实现这些具有足够的载荷承载能力的夹层复合元件,由于构造原因而不能形成任意厚度,此外这也是经济上的缺点。常规的夹层复合元件具有例如最大25cm的厚度,其中尝试使得夹层复合元件可用于建筑物墙壁建造,所述建筑物墙壁具有的厚度例如仅仅10cm,但是其中保持了优异的绝热性能。
用于建筑物墙壁建造的夹层复合元件可以施加在钢梁之间,从而得到几乎任意长度的夹层复合元件。所述夹层复合元件插入其间的钢载体相互间不能具有任意大的距离,因为只能使用具有限定长度的夹层复合元件,这总结在所谓的载体宽度表格中。可能施加到所述夹层复合元件上的风力不应导致所述元件的过载,其中在确定自由长度时也必须考虑所述复合元件的积雪载荷和自重。然而,通常尝试尽可能地增加钢梁之间的距离以便减少所要求的钢梁的绝对数量和因此降低建筑物的框架密度。例如,当使用厚度例如仅大约10cm的夹层复合元件时,已知跨度大致4m。然而,目标在于提供一种夹层复合元件,其在相同的厚度下可以实现更大的跨度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开具有提高的机械性能的夹层复合元件以及其制造方法。
基于根据权利要求1的前序的夹层复合元件和基于根据权利要求11的已知特征的用于制造夹层复合元件的方法,通过这些权利要求各自特征部分公开的特征达到了此目的。从属权利要求中公开了本发明的有利扩展方案。
本发明包括在所述泡沫芯体与所述覆盖层中的至少一个之间设置下覆盖层的技术特征以便机械加固所述复合元件。
本发明的在所述夹层复合元件的至少一个覆盖层或甚至两个覆盖层的内侧上的下覆盖层的设置机械加固了所述复合元件,特别地,当弯曲载荷施加在所述夹层复合元件上时,在所述下覆盖层设置在其下的所述复合元件的覆盖层中褶皱和皱纹的形成显著延迟。当所述复合元件经历弯曲载荷时,例如,所述下覆盖层可以在设置于弯曲曲面内侧的各个覆盖层下面提供。然而,特别地,可以分别在两个覆盖层下面提供至少一个下覆盖层。
根据本发明的一个特别有利的实施方案,至少一个下覆盖层,优选两个下覆盖层可以由聚氨酯形成。所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体与所述覆盖层的材料相比基本上是非常软的。由此对于直接设置在所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体上的覆盖层只产生了低的支撑作用,这取决于低的底板模量和低的底板应力。然而,如果比所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体具有更大刚度、硬度和特别是更高弹性模量的聚氨酯下覆盖层与根据本发明的复合元件覆盖层的内侧相邻设置,则由于达到了更高的底板模量,所以产生对于所述覆盖层的机械支撑作用。当所述夹层复合元件经历机械载荷时,例如,位于所述弯曲线内的覆盖层中褶皱和皱纹的形成因此会出现得更迟,即:在显著更高的载荷下才开始出现。所述褶皱和皱纹的形成特别表现为在位于所述复合元件弯曲内的覆盖层的波浪形式,使得所述覆盖层可以迅速地从所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体上分离。此问题也不能通过助粘剂层得以解决,其的确可以提高所述覆盖层与所述泡沫芯体之间的粘附,但是通过这些非常薄的助粘剂层不能实现机械支撑作用。对于所述相邻覆盖层较高的底板应力仅可以通过比所述泡沫芯体具有更高刚度的聚氨酯下覆盖层实现,由此延迟了所述覆盖层中褶皱和皱纹的形成,从而提高所述夹层复合元件承受机械载荷的能力。
可以看出的另一优点在于用于安装所述复合元件要求的紧固件数量可以减少。由于通过所述下覆盖层实现的增加的载荷承受能力,可以有利地使用更少数量的在所述复合元件中使用的紧固件,例如螺栓、钉子、插销等。
所述至少一个下覆盖层也可以由聚氨酯形成和至少部分包含玻璃纤维材料,特别是玻璃纤维编织物。在此情况下,所述玻璃纤维材料和特别是所述玻璃纤维编织物可以例如用所述下覆盖层的聚氨酯浸渍,其中也可以提供包含玻璃纤维材料和用不含聚氨酯的物质浸渍的下覆盖层。
除了增加所述复合元件的机械强度之外,本发明另外利用玻璃纤维垫的积极性能用于提高夹层复合元件的燃烧保护特性。实现所述夹层复合元件提高的燃烧保护特性特别在于所述玻璃纤维垫设置在所述第一或第二覆盖层的内侧上。原因在于热影响下的玻璃纤维垫的熔融特性,由此造成所述纤维状玻璃材料交联,和使得所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫芯体的材料免受直接的火焰作用,因为所述粘稠的熔融玻璃物料保护了所述硬质泡沫芯体。特别地,可以发现防止或至少延迟了所述硬质泡沫芯体中裂缝的形成,使得在连续的火焰冲击下防止或至少显著延迟了具有其中引入了本发明的玻璃纤维垫的夹层复合元件的烧穿。
所述玻璃纤维材料可以以玻璃纤维编织物的形式有利地形成,其中编织物(也称为针织物)描述了由线体系通过在编织机上形成网眼而工业制造的物质和因此属于网眼织物。其中可以区分为纬编针织物和经编针织物。用作所述下覆盖层的成分的所述玻璃纤维编织物可以具有的厚度大致相应于所述下覆盖层的厚度,使得所述针织物可以具有三维结构。下面描述的聚氨酯下覆盖层的性能目前也可以有利地与玻璃纤维材料组合使用。
所述覆盖层由金属条,特别是钢条或铝条形成是特别有利的。所述复合元件的第一和第二覆盖层不是必然必须由相同的材料形成,其中所述第一覆盖层可以由第一种材料形成和所述第二覆盖层可以由与所述第一种材料不同的第二种材料形成。例如,所述夹层复合元件可以一侧上是钢条和相对第二侧上是铝条,其中塑料材料也可以用于形成所述覆盖层。这些塑料材料可以包括例如玻璃纤维材料或碳纤维材料,通常特别是纤维增强的塑料。聚氨酯材料与玻璃纤维材料或碳纤维材料组合使用是特别有利的材料选择。
所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以有利地比所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体具有更高的质量密度。相比于跨整个横截面具有提高的质量密度的板条,可以使得所述夹层复合元件具有低的总质量,该低的总质量由于聚氨酯泡沫芯体较低的密度产生。所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的质量密度特别地可以彼此不同,使得所述聚氨酯层在整个夹层复合元件的厚度上可以具有三个彼此不同的质量密度。在下文中,因此仅示例性地给出所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的质量密度彼此相同和标记为ρ2。
例如,所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体可以具有30kg/m3-60kg/m3,优选35kg/m3-50kg/m3,特别是大约40kg/m3的质量密度ρ1。所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以具有例如60kg/m3-140kg/m3,优选80kg/m3-120kg/m3,特别是优选100kg/m3的质量密度。因此,所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以具有的质量密度ρ2是所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的质量密度ρ1的1.5倍-4倍,优选2倍-3倍,特别是2.5倍的值。
如果所述下覆盖层通过玻璃纤维材料实现,则可以使用上面提及的对于所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的不同质量密度,但是也可以是所述材料和特别地所述下覆盖层的质量密度与所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的那些无异。在此情况下,实现了所述下覆盖层的硬度增强的作用,因为具有相应厚度的所述三维玻璃纤维材料提高了机械性能同时所述聚氨酯材料则保持不变。然而,优选如上所述地调整仅仅可以包含另外一种玻璃纤维材料的下覆盖层的质量密度。
根据所述夹层复合元件另一个有利的实施方案,所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以分别具有的厚度相应于所述夹层复合元件厚度的3%-20%,优选5%-15%,特别是10%,其中所述夹层复合元件的厚度为30 mm-250 mm,优选80 mm-120 mm,特别是100 mm的值。根据一个可行的有利实施方案,所述夹层复合元件因此可以具有100 mm的总厚度,其中所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体具有80 mm的厚度,和其中所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以分别具有10 mm的厚度,但是所述下覆盖层的厚度也可以彼此不同,其中所述下覆盖层也可以特别是在其化学或材料性能方面彼此不同。在此情况下忽略取决于所述夹层复合元件的实施而例如为0.2-5 mm的值的所述覆盖层厚度。
根据另一个有利的实施方案,所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以分别由发泡反应混合物形成和至少由合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇提供,从而形成硬质PUR和/或PIR泡沫材料。例如,所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以具有相同的化学组成,其中使用不同的发泡剂量用于制备反应混合物层。因此,用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的反应混合物可以用比用于形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的反应混合物更少量的发泡剂发泡。加入到反应混合物中用于其发泡的发泡剂的量越高,所形成的泡沫体的密度越低。
可同样基于聚氨酯制备的助粘剂层可以以在一个下覆盖层之下或分别在两个下覆盖层之下施加以提高所述覆盖层在所述聚氨酯下覆盖层上的粘附性。所述助粘剂层可以设置在所述覆盖层与所述下覆盖层之间,其在连续的制造方法中通过合适的施加方法例如通过回转台施加到相应的内侧上。
所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层可以分别由发泡反应混合物形成和至少由合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇提供,并且形成硬质PUR和/或PIR泡沫材料。在此情况下,用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的反应混合物可以用比用于形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的反应混合物更少量的发泡剂发泡。
所述发泡反应混合物可以至少由合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇形成,其中所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫芯体包含硬质PUR或PIR泡沫材料,并且其中可以向反应混合物中加入阻燃剂,特别是含溴和含氯的多元醇或磷化合物,如特别是含卤素的正磷酸的酯和偏磷酸的酯。
发泡反应混合物可以至少由组分异氰酸酯和多元醇形成。烃,例如戊烷的异构体或氟代烃,例如HFC 245fa (1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷)、HFC 365mfc (1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷)或其与HFC 227ea (七氟丙烷)的混合物,可以用作加入到由异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分形成的发泡反应混合物中的发泡剂。不同种类的发泡剂也可以组合。水和/或甲酸或其它有机羧酸可以用作加入到由异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分形成的发泡反应混合物中的第二发泡剂。
阻燃剂可以相对于多元醇组分中的具有对异氰酸酯基团为反应性的氢原子的化合物的总质量计优选以5-35质量%的量加入到所述发泡PUR-PIR反应混合物中。阻燃剂可以例如是含溴和含氯的多元醇或磷化合物,如正磷酸的酯和偏磷酸的酯,其可以同样含有卤素。优选选择室温下为液态的阻燃剂。
催化剂可以加入到由异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分形成的发泡反应混合物中。例如,这些催化剂可以是:三乙二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、四亚甲基二胺、l-甲基-4-二甲基氨基乙基哌嗪、三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N,N',N"-三-(二甲基氨基丙基)六氢三嗪、二甲基氨基丙基甲酰胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丁二胺、四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙基醚、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、N-甲基-吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、月桂酸锡(II)、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪、四甲基氢氧化铵、乙酸钠、辛酸钠、乙酸钾、辛酸钾、氢氧化钠或这些催化剂的混合物。
另外泡沫稳定剂,优选聚醚硅氧烷可以加入到由异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分形成的发泡反应混合物中。这些化合物可以以这样的方式实现:使得环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物与聚二甲基硅氧烷残基结合。
助剂、添加剂、催化剂等加入到所述发泡反应混合物中可以在所述多元醇和异氰酸酯组分混合之前或混合过程中进行。
本发明另外涉及用于制造具有第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层的夹层复合元件的方法,其中在所述第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体,其中所述覆盖层连续输送到双皮带传输系统,和其中所述方法具有至少下面的步骤:
- 将发泡反应混合物施加到所述覆盖层中的至少一个上以形成硬度增强的下覆盖层,
- 将发泡反应混合物施加到至少一个下覆盖层上或施加到所述覆盖层之一的内侧上以形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体。
所述方法可以以这样的方式进行使得下覆盖层(其可以由聚氨酯形成和额外地包含例如玻璃纤维材料)施加到每一个所述覆盖层上。上面描述的本发明的复合元件的实施、特性和优点同样适用于目前描述的方法。
所述至少一种反应混合物可以由优选通过混合头合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇形成和形成PUR和/或PIR泡沫。所述反应混合物可以例如用至少一个喷雾头或用固定或振动倾倒耙施加。
分离的混合头和倾倒耙或喷雾头可以分别分配给用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的反应混合物以实现其单独地施加到所述覆盖层的内侧上,单独的混合头可以同样分配给用于所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的反应混合物。在此情况下,加入到用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的反应混合物中的发泡剂的量可以比加入到用于形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体的反应混合物中的发泡剂的量更少。这样,所述聚氨酯泡沫芯的密度低于所述聚氨酯下覆盖层的密度。所使用的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇在此情况下可以对于所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体和对于所述聚氨酯下覆盖层相同地形成和包含PUR和/或PIR泡沫。
根据用于制造夹层复合元件的方法的另一个实施方案,可以在所述发泡反应混合物施加到所述第一覆盖层上之前将助粘剂层施加到至少一个覆盖层上以便形成所述第一聚氨酯下覆盖层,和/或在所述发泡反应混合物施加到所述第二覆盖层上之前进行以便形成第二聚氨酯下覆盖层。
本发明优选的示例性实施方案
下文与本发明优选的示例性实施方案的描述一起,参考附图说明改进本发明的另外的措施。在这些图中:
图1显示了本发明的夹层复合元件的示例性实施方案,
图2显示了根据图1的夹层复合元件的示例性实施方案,其中助粘剂层分别在所述覆盖层和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层之间示范说明,
图2a显示了图2的放大细节,和
图3显示了用于制造具有本发明特性的夹层复合元件的装置的示例性实施方案的示意性说明。
图1显示了具有第一覆盖层10和第二覆盖层11的夹层复合元件100,其中所述第一覆盖层10以上覆盖层的形式显示和所述第二覆盖层11以下覆盖层的形式示范说明。在所述上覆盖层和所述下覆盖层之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体12。例如,在两个覆盖层10和11下面设有下覆盖层13、14,其中下覆盖层13或14也可以仅仅设在所述覆盖层10或11之一下面。所述下覆盖层13和14例如还以具有上面描述的性能的聚氨酯层的形式实现。因此,第一聚氨酯下覆盖层13设置在所述泡沫芯体12与所述上部第一覆盖层10之间,和另一个聚氨酯下覆盖层14设置在所述泡沫芯体12与所述下部第二覆盖层11之间以便在两侧上机械加固所述复合元件100,其中所述聚氨酯下覆盖层13和14在不用玻璃纤维材料的情况下示范说明。所述下覆盖层13和14具有质量密度ρ2而所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体12具有质量密度ρ1。所述泡沫芯体12的质量密度ρ1为例如40kg/m3和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层13和14的质量密度ρ2为例如100kg/m3,使得所述下覆盖层13和14的质量密度为所述泡沫芯体12的质量密度的2.5倍。所示的所述夹层复合元件100的示例性实施方案具有100mm的总厚度,其中所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体12的厚度为例如80mm。因此,所述下覆盖层13和14分别具有10mm的厚度。
图2显示了具有第一覆盖层10和第二覆盖层11的根据图1的夹层复合元件100的示例性实施方案,其中在所述覆盖层10和11之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体12。聚氨酯下覆盖层13和14示范说明在所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体12与所述覆盖层10和11之间,其中ρ1同样是所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体12的质量密度和ρ2是所述聚氨酯下覆盖层13和14的质量密度,和其中这些质量密度例如相同地实现,但也可以不同。
第一助粘剂层20设置在所述聚氨酯下覆盖层13与所述上部第一覆盖层10之间和在所述第二聚氨酯下覆盖层14与所述下部第二覆盖层11之间示范说明了另一助粘剂层20。这些助粘剂层20提高了所述覆盖层10和11在所述下覆盖层13和14上的粘附性。
图2a显示了在所述下部第二覆盖层11和位于所述覆盖层11下面的所述聚氨酯下覆盖层14区域中的图2放大细节。另外,所述助粘剂层20以在所述覆盖层11与所述聚氨酯下覆盖层14之间的层的形式示范说明。所述聚氨酯下覆盖层14包含例如代表性地也用于所述聚氨酯下覆盖层13的玻璃纤维编织物27,其用所述下覆盖层14的聚氨酯浸渍。
图3显示了用于进行制造根据图1中示范说明的本发明示例性实施方案的夹层复合元件100的方法的装置。所述方法用基本上由双皮带传输系统15组成的装置进行。所述双皮带传输系统15具有上传送带22和下传送带23,其中所述传送带22和23在箭头所示方向上分别以相同的速度转动。所述传送带22和23之间存在着间隙,在该间隙中拉入第一覆盖层10和第二覆盖层11,其中所述上部第一覆盖层10沿着所述上传送带22引导和所述第二覆盖层11沿着所述下传送带23引导。
所述第一覆盖层10由第一覆盖层卷轴25展开和所述第二覆盖层11由第二覆盖层卷轴26展开,使得在所述双皮带传输系统15操作过程中所述覆盖层10和11以及所述覆盖层卷轴25和26在箭头所示的方向上移动。
发泡反应混合物17用第一混合头24施加到第二覆盖层11的内侧上,其中此反应混合物随后发泡和形成设置在所述第二覆盖层11内侧上的聚氨酯下覆盖层14。将反应混合物18(其随后发泡和形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体12)用另外的混合头19施加到依然发泡的或已经发泡的反应混合物17上。将发泡反应混合物16(其随后发泡并同时进入所述覆盖层10和11之间的间隙和与所述发泡的或已经发泡的反应混合物18接触)用另外的混合头24施加到所述第一覆盖层10的内侧上。因此,所述发泡反应混合物16形成设置在所述第一覆盖层10的下侧的聚氨酯下覆盖层13。
作为反应混合物16施加到上部覆盖层10的内侧上的替代方案,此反应混合物也可以通过顶部设置的喷雾法施加在所述上部覆盖层10的下侧,以便随后将所述第一覆盖层10输送到所述双皮带传输系统15。
在具有位于其中的泡沫芯体12和下覆盖层13和14的所述覆盖层10和11传递过程中或之后,所述夹层复合材料可以通过分割装置21分割成单独的夹层复合元件100。这些夹层复合元件则具有图1中说明的类型的结构。
尽管图中没有示范说明,在所述反应混合物17通过混合头24施加到所述第二覆盖层11的内侧上之前,助粘剂层可以施加到所述第二覆盖层11上;在所述反应混合物16通过混合头24施加到所示第一覆盖层10的内侧上之前,另一助粘剂层可以同样施加到所述第一覆盖层10的内侧上,以便根据图2的示例性实施方案通过所示系统制造夹层复合元件100。
本发明的实施不限于上面描述的优选的示例性实施方案。事实上,利用所述描述的技术方案的多种变化方案都是可以的,即以基本不同类型的实施。权利要求书、说明书或附图中公开的所有特征和/或优点并且包括构成细节或空间设置可以单独地或者以各种组合实现本发明。
附图标记列表
100 夹层复合元件
10 第一覆盖层
11 第二覆盖层
12 聚氨酯泡沫芯体
13 聚氨酯下覆盖层
14 聚氨酯下覆盖层
15 双皮带传输系统
16 反应混合物
17 反应混合物
18 反应混合物
19 混合头
20 助粘剂层
21 分离装置
22 上部传送带
23 下部传送带
24 混合头
25 第一覆盖层卷轴
26 第二覆盖层卷轴
27 玻璃纤维编织物
ρ1 聚氨酯泡沫芯体的质量密度
ρ2 聚氨酯下覆盖层的质量密度
Claims (15)
1.具有第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)的夹层复合元件(100),其中在所述第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12),
其特征在于:在所述泡沫芯体(12)与所述覆盖层(10、11)中的至少一个之间设置下覆盖层(13、14)以便机械加固所述复合元件(100)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:至少一个和优选两个下覆盖层(10、11)由聚氨酯形成,和特别地至少部分地包含玻璃纤维材料,特别是玻璃纤维编织物(27)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述第一覆盖层(10)和/或所述第二覆盖层(11)由金属条,特别是钢条或铝条形成。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)具有的质量密度(ρ2)高于所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)的质量密度(ρ1)。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)具有的质量密度(ρ1)为30kg/m3 -60kg/m3,优选35kg/m3-50kg/m3,特别是40kg/m3,其中所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)具有的质量密度(ρ2)为60kg/m3-140kg/m3,优选80kg/m3-120kg/m3,特别是100kg/m3。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)的质量密度(ρ2)为所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)的质量密度(ρ1)的1.5倍-4倍,优选2倍-3倍,特别是2.5倍。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)分别具有相应于所述夹层复合元件(100)厚度的3%-20%,优选5%-15%,特别是10%的厚度,其中所述夹层复合元件(100)的厚度值为30 mm-250 mm,优选为80 mm-120 mm,特别是100 mm。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)和所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)分别由发泡的反应混合物(16、17、18)形成和特别地至少由合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇提供,并且优选形成硬质PUR 和/或PIR泡沫材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)的所述反应混合物(16、17)用比用于形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)的反应混合物(18)更少量的发泡剂发泡。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹层复合元件(100),其特征在于:在所述覆盖层(10、11)与所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)之间设置助粘剂层(20)。
11.用于制造具有第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)的夹层复合元件(100)的方法,其中在所述第一覆盖层(10)和第二覆盖层(11)之间设置聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12),和其中所述覆盖层(10、11)连续输送到双皮带传输系统(15),其中所述方法具有至少下面的步骤:
- 将发泡反应混合物(16、17)施加到至少一个覆盖层(10、11)上以形成硬度增强的下覆盖层(13、14),
- 将发泡反应混合物(18)施加到下覆盖层(13、14)上或施加到所述覆盖层(10、11)之一的内侧上以形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于:至少一种反应混合物(16、17、18)由优选通过混合头(19、24)合并的混合组分异氰酸酯和多元醇形成和形成PUR和/或PIR泡沫。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于:加入到所述反应混合物(16、17)中用于形成所述聚氨酯下覆盖层(13、14)的发泡剂的量比加入到所述反应混合物(18)中用于形成所述聚氨酯泡沫芯体(12)的发泡剂的量更小。
14.根据权利要求11-13所述的方法,其特征在于:
- 在将所述发泡反应混合物(16)施加到所述第一覆盖层(10)上以形成所述第一聚氨酯下覆盖层(13)之前,和/或
- 在将所述发泡反应混合物(17)施加到所述第二覆盖层(11)上以形成所述第二聚氨酯下覆盖层(14)之前,将助粘剂层(20)施加到所述至少一个覆盖层(10、11)上。
15.根据权利要求11-14所述的方法,其特征在于:
- 玻璃纤维材料(27)加入到所述下覆盖层(13、14)中的至少一个中或此层由玻璃纤维材料(27)形成。
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EP12181836.3 | 2012-08-27 | ||
EP12181836.3A EP2703153A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2012-08-27 | Sandwich-Verbundelement mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
PCT/EP2013/067573 WO2014033068A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2013-08-23 | Sandwich - verbundelement mit verbesserten mechanischen eigenschafen und verfahren zur herstellung |
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US (1) | US20150210035A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2703153A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104768745A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2643958C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014033068A1 (zh) |
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EP2703153A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-05 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Sandwich-Verbundelement mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
FR3026049B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-01-05 | Societe Francaise D'assainissement - Sfa | Structure en materiau composite multicouche, son procede de mise en œuvre et article sanitaire ainsi realise |
FR3026048B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-10-28 | Soc Francaise D'assainissement - Sfa | Structure en materiau composite multicouche, son procede de mise en œuvre et article sanitaire ainsi realise |
EP3037259B1 (de) * | 2014-12-22 | 2019-03-20 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG | Sandwichbauteil |
KR102465857B1 (ko) | 2015-12-14 | 2022-11-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 폴리우레탄 폼, 이를 포함하는 냉장고 및 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조 방법 |
DE102017210790A1 (de) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Faurecia Innenraum Systeme Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sandwichbauteils und Sandwichbauteil |
DE102017116564A1 (de) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Schmitz Cargobull Ag | Kofferaufbau für ein Nutzfahrzeug |
MX2020005325A (es) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-08-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Panel de aislamiento a base de poliuretano. |
EP3990271A4 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-12-28 | Advanced Composite Structures, LLC | HEAT INSULATED AIR CARGO CONTAINER |
US12091239B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2024-09-17 | Advanced Composite Structures, Llc | Formed structural panel with open core |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2015110826A (ru) | 2016-10-20 |
EP2703153A1 (de) | 2014-03-05 |
WO2014033068A1 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2888103B1 (de) | 2019-11-20 |
WO2014033068A9 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
RU2643958C2 (ru) | 2018-02-06 |
US20150210035A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
EP2888103A1 (de) | 2015-07-01 |
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