CN104765075B - Dual-optical-path testing device for light speed limited effect in absolute gravimeter - Google Patents
Dual-optical-path testing device for light speed limited effect in absolute gravimeter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-optical-path testing device for the light speed limited effect in an absolute gravimeter. The dual-optical-path testing device comprises a vibration isolation platform, a supporting structure, a first laser interferometer, a first reference prism, a falling body vacuum cavity, a falling body structure formed by two prisms with opposite tops, a second laser interferometer and a second reference prism. The first reference prism is rigidly connected with the second reference prism. When a falling body formed by the two prisms with the opposite tops freely falls in the falling body vacuum cavity, interference signals are generated in the first laser interferometer and the second laser interferometer respectively. The interference signals of the two laser interferometers are detected through a detector; as the acting effects of the light speed limited effect in the two interferometers are opposite, the acting effects of the gravity acceleration, vibration noise, other kinds of noise and the like on the two laser interferometers are the same, and the signals are common-mode signals, the light speed limited effect in the absolute gravimeter can be directly measured through difference measurement, achieved through data processing, of the signals of the two laser interferometers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to absolute gravimeter technical field, more particularly, to the limited effect of the light velocity in a kind of absolute gravimeter
The double light path test device answered.
Background technology
The uncertainty of measurement of absolute gravimeter is together decided on by two parts error：Random error and instrument sheet in measurement
The systematic error of body.The error source of wherein most can be by independent analysis, calculating and measurement well, so as to obtain more
Accurate uncertainty.But, there are some error sources carry out calculating analysis by theoretical method so far, such as light velocity is limited
The impact of effect, the size of the error can reach more than ten μ Gal (1 μ Gal=10-8m/s2) magnitude, and many science
Family has all carried out theory analysis and calculating to this error, but cannot still reach common understanding so far.
The limited effect of the light velocity is that, due to laser propagation finite rate (although very big), laser beam reaches photocell and produces interference
The moment of signal always postpones the moment reflected from the prism of corner cube of freely falling body in laser beam, in this case, from interference
The position of the prism of corner cube extracted in signal is not the actual position of the moment prism of corner cube, so as to cause absolute gravity survey
The error of amount.
The physical model of the amendment of the limited effect of the light velocity is all based on time delay and Doppler effect, can be by after amendment
Gravity acceleration g value be expressed as：Wherein k be correction factor, v0Represent falling bodies pyramid
The initial velocity of prism, g0The acceleration of gravity at measured place is represented, T represents falling bodies once required total time.In theory
Either calculated based on time delay, be also based on Doppler effect and calculated, as the essence of physics is all the light velocity
The limited physical effect for causing, the correction factor are only possible to obtain unique numerical value.But the method based on time delay is carried out
During calculating, correction factor k=3；And when being calculated based on the method for Doppler effect, correction factor k=2.It is absolute for FG5
(Micro-g LaCoste companies of the U.S. produce and manufacture gravimeter, and the said firm is currently the only manufacturer's absolute gravimeter
Company), its falling bodies distance about 20cm, be actually used in data fitting falling bodies total time is about T=0.17s, and initial velocity is about
v0=0.4m/s, then, as correction factor k=3, the amendment of the limited effect of the light velocity is about 12 μ Gal；And work as correction factor k=2
When, the size of the amendment is about 8 μ Gal.The difference of correction factor can produce the systematic error of 4 μ Gal, due to acceleration of gravity
The true value of g values is unknown, and many major generals of correction factor directly affect the measurement result of gravity acceleration g value.
Scientists attempt to FG5X absolute gravimeters to be carried out testing the impact of the limited effect of the measurement light velocity, it is intended to prove
Correction factor is not the k=3 that the past is thought always, and should be modified to k=2.The maximum difficult point of the experiment is each of instrument
Plant noise and can all enter last data, other every errors are judged and deducted from experimental data.But scientists are to this
The data analysiss of experiment and error are deducted also has some disputes at present, is not regarded as that the experiment determines the limited effect of the light velocity
Affect how many, also just thoroughly do not solve for the dispute of the correction factor.
The content of the invention
For the importance of the deficiency and the problem in science of existing test device and laboratory facilities, the present invention provides a kind of exhausted
Double light path test device to the limited effect of the light velocity in gravimeter, can be in direct measurement absolute gravimeter by the test device
The impact of the limited effect of the light velocity, so as to solve the above-mentioned dispute with regard to correction factor.
Optical path difference all reduces with the whereabouts of prism of corner cube in usual falling body absolute gravimeter, this is because falling bodies
Reducing relative to the distance of reference prism.If falling bodies are replaced with prism of corner cube of connected two to top, i.e. falling bodies tool
There are parallel upper and lower two reflectings surface, and increase a set of laser interferometer in the top of falling bodies.So, in the whereabouts of falling bodies
Whereabouts with falling bodies is increased by Cheng Zhong, the optical path difference in the interferometer of top.In this case, two sets of interferometers are corresponding
In interference signal, the symbol of the limited effect of the light velocity is conversely, and other errors of acceleration of gravity, ground vibration and instrument etc. are all
Common mode item, so as to directly experiment measurement can be carried out by way of difference measurement to the limited effect of the light velocity.It is old based on more than
State, the double beam system by building a set of innovation of the invention, by the use of the prism of corner cube to pushing up as falling bodies, above it with
Side builds a set of laser interferometer respectively, using this double beam system two interferometer output signals difference directly surveying
The impact of the limited effect of the amount light velocity, solves dispute in the world with regard to this problem.
The invention provides in a kind of absolute gravimeter based on double light path the limited effect of the light velocity test device, including：
Vibration-isolating platform, the supporting construction above vibration-isolating platform, the first laser interferometer above the supporting construction, it is located at
First reference prism of the lower section of the first laser interferometer, the falling bodies vacuum above the first laser interferometer
Chamber, in the middle of the falling bodies vacuum chamber to push up biprism formed falling bodies and corresponding falling bodies frame for movement, positioned at institute
State the second laser interferometer above falling bodies vacuum chamber, the second reference prism above the second laser interferometer；The
The lower reflecting surface of one reference prism, first laser interferometer and biprism constitutes the complete laser interference light path system of first set；
The upper reflecting surface of second reference prism, second laser interferometer and biprism constitutes second set of complete laser interference light path
System.When to pushing up falling bodies free-falling in falling bodies vacuum chamber of biprism formation, can be in first laser interferometer and second
Form interference signal in laser interferometer respectively, the interference signal of two sets of laser interferometer is separately detected by detector, is passed through
The difference measurement of two sets of interferometer signals is realized in data processing, due to action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of interferometers
It is contrary, and acceleration of gravity, vibration noise and other noises etc. are identicals to the action effect of two sets of laser interferometer,
It is common-mode signal, therefore just can be with the size of the limited effect of the light velocity in direct measurement absolute gravimeter by this difference measurement.
Further, low frequency vibration isolation system of the vibration-isolating platform for ultra-long period, the harmonic period of the vibrating isolation system
Generally need to reach more than 15s, as absolute gravimeter is to low frequency sensitivity, and earth pulsation has a peak near 1/6Hz, because
This needs the low frequency vibration isolation system for increasing ultra-long period isolating the impact of earth pulsation.
Further, the structure of described first laser interferometer and second laser interferometer should be as symmetrical as possible,
So as to improve common mode inhibition.
Further, first reference prism should be connected with the second reference prism, so ensure two and refer to rib
The earth pulsation and external vibration that mirror is subject to is identical, so as to carry out common mode inhibition.
Falling bodies are changed to two pyramid ribs placed to top on the basis of common falling body absolute gravimeter by the present invention
Mirror, and increase a set of laser interferometer and corresponding reference prism in the top of the upper reflecting surface of the falling bodies, and ensure two
Reference prism is connected.When falling bodies carry out free-falling in the vacuum chamber, the limited effect of the light velocity is in two sets of laser interferometer
Action effect is contrary, and the action effect phase in two sets of interferometers such as acceleration of gravity, external vibration and other noises
Together, it is common mode item, therefore can be carried out by the limited effect of the light velocity in the differential pair absolute gravimeter of the signal of two sets of interferometers
Direct measurement, solves dispute in the world with regard to this problem.
Present invention also offers in a kind of absolute gravimeter based on double light path the limited effect of the light velocity method of testing, including
Following step：
(1) prism of corner cubes that push up are connected using two and form a falling bodies structure, and on falling bodies reflecting surface it is upper
The a set of laser interferometer of Fang Zengjia, and make the reference prism of two sets of laser interferometer be connected, form double beam system；
(2) falling bodies in the vacuum chamber free-falling when, two sets of laser interferometer gather and record interference signal respectively, by two
The interference signal of set laser interferometer is obtained the size of the limited effects of the light velocity after carrying out corresponding data processing difference.
Further, carry out the revised gravity of the limited effect of the calculated light velocity to accelerate to first laser interferometer
Spend and beThe limited effect of the calculated light velocity is carried out to second laser interferometer revised
Acceleration of gravity isBy the limited effect of the calculated light velocity of two sets of laser interferometer of contrast
Revised acceleration of gravity result is answered it is found that action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of laser interferometer is phase
Anti-, and acceleration of gravity, external vibration and other errors are identicals for the action effect of two sets of interferometers, so
The direct measurement of the light velocity limited effect is capable of achieving by the difference of the interference signal of two sets of laser interferometer.
The invention provides the test device of the limited effect of the light velocity and test in a kind of absolute gravimeter based on double light path
Method.Due in general falling bodies type absolute gravimeter, the limited effect of the light velocity be it is jointly collected with other every noises and
Process, the maximum difficult point tested to which is that the various noises of instrument can all enter last data, from experimental data
Judge and deduct other every errors.The present invention utilizes two angles to pushing up on the basis of common falling bodies type absolute gravimeter
Cone prism is connected as an overall falling bodies, and the top of reflecting surface increases a set of laser interferometer on the falling bodies, while
The reference prism in two sets of laser interferometer is made to be connected.In this configuration, during falling bodies free-falling, the light velocity is limited
Action effect of the effect in two sets of laser interferometer is contrary, and acceleration of gravity, external vibration and other errors etc. exist
Action effect in two sets of interferometers is common mode item, therefore the difference of the interference signal that can pass through two sets of laser interferometer is direct
Impact size of the limited effect of the measurement light velocity in absolute gravimeter.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, the present invention will be by falling
Body is changed to two prism of corner cubes placed to top, and the top of reflecting surface increases a set of laser interferometer on falling bodies, while
Make the reference prism of two sets of laser interferometer be connected, can be realized to light by the difference of the interference signal of two sets of laser interferometer
Impact size of the limited effect of speed in absolute gravimeter carries out direct measurement.The test device and method of testing are by external vibration
Common mode item is converted directly into the error that other errors etc. are difficult to deduct, is directly deducted using the means of difference so that experiment number
According to being easy to analyze and explain.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the double beam system principle schematic diagram. of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the light path schematic diagram of two sets of laser interferometer that the double light path of the present invention is formed.
In all of the figs, identical reference be used for represent identical element or structure, wherein：
1 be ultra-long period low frequency vibration isolation platform, 2 be supporting construction, 3 be first laser interferometer, 4 refer to rib for first
Mirror, 5 be falling bodies vacuum chamber, 6 be falling bodies structure, 7 be second laser interferometer, 8 be the second reference prism, 9 be accelerometer, 10
For active feedback control system, 11 be frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser, 12 be the first detector, 13 be the second detector.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, it is below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the double light path test device of the limited effect of the light velocity in absolute gravimeter provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Principle assumption diagram, for convenience of description, illustrate only the part related to the embodiment of the present invention, and details are as follows：
In absolute gravimeter, the double light path test device of the limited effect of the light velocity includes：Ultra-long period low frequency vibration isolation platform 1, position
In the supporting construction 2 above vibration-isolating platform 1, the first laser interferometer 3 above the supporting construction 2, positioned at described
First reference prism 4 of the lower section of one laser interferometer 3, the falling bodies vacuum chamber 5 above the first laser interferometer 3,
Falling bodies structure 6 in the middle of the falling bodies vacuum chamber 5, the second laser interferometer 7 above the falling bodies vacuum chamber 5,
The second reference prism 8 above the second laser interferometer 7；First reference prism 4, first laser interferometer 3
The laser interference light path system complete with the lower reflecting surface composition first set of falling bodies structure 6；Second reference prism 8, second
The upper reflecting surface of laser interferometer 7 and falling bodies structure 6 constitutes second set of complete laser interference light path system.When falling bodies structure 6
In falling bodies vacuum chamber 5 during free-falling, can be formed in first laser interferometer 3 and second laser interferometer 7 respectively and be interfered
Signal, separately detects the interference signal of two sets of laser interferometer by the first detector 12, the second detector 13, at data
Reason realizes the difference measurement of two sets of interferometer signals, as action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of interferometers is contrary
, and acceleration of gravity, vibration noise and other noises etc. are identicals to the action effect of two sets of interferometers, are common mode letters
Number, therefore just can be with the size of the limited effect of the light velocity in direct measurement absolute gravimeter by this difference measurement.
In embodiments of the present invention, falling bodies structure 6 is connected by two falling bodies prisms and is constituted, and two falling bodies prisms are pyramid
Prism and vertical angles setting, falling bodies structure 6 have parallel upper and lower two reflectings surface, the upper reflecting surface of falling bodies structure 6 and second
Laser interferometer 7 is relative, and the lower reflecting surface of falling bodies structure 6 is relative with first laser interferometer 3.
In embodiments of the present invention, vibration-isolating platform 1 can be the low frequency vibration isolation system of ultra-long period (more than 15s), wherein
Acceleration of vibration on the detection vibration-isolating platform 1 of accelerometer 9, active feedback compensation system 10 are applied according to the output of accelerometer 9
Plus the motion of appropriate magnetic feed-back force compensation vibration-isolating platform, so as to the harmonic period for realizing vibrating isolation system reaches more than 15s.Due to
Absolute gravimeter is sensitive to low frequency, and earth pulsation has a peak near 1/6Hz, it is therefore desirable to increase the low frequency of ultra-long period
Vibrating isolation system is isolating the impact of earth pulsation.
In embodiments of the present invention, the structure of first laser interferometer 3 and second laser interferometer 7 should be as right as possible
Claim, so as to improve common mode inhibition.
In embodiments of the present invention, the first reference prism 4 should be rigidly connected with the second reference prism 8 so that the first ginseng
Examine prism 4 completely the same with the motion of the second reference prism 8；The earth pulsation and outside that so two reference prisms of guarantee are subject to shakes
Dynamic is identical, so as to carry out common mode inhibition.Used as one embodiment of the present of invention, the first reference prism 4 and second refers to rib
By bracing frame, mirror 8 can realize that fixation is rigidly connected.As an alternative embodiment of the invention, can be by the first reference prism
4th, first laser interferometer 3, falling bodies vacuum chamber 5, second laser interferometer 7 are fixedly connected with the second reference prism 8, it is ensured that first
Reference prism 4 is completely the same with the motion of the second reference prism 8.
In embodiments of the present invention, falling bodies vacuum chamber 5 includes the Aided Machine structure of vacuum chamber and falling bodies, due to the falling bodies
The structure of vacuum chamber 5 belongs to prior art, will not be described here.
Fig. 2 shows the light channel structure schematic diagram of two sets of laser interferometer of double light path formation in the embodiment of the present invention, surely
The laser that frequency laser 11 sends is incided in two sets of laser interferometer, for first laser interferometer after beam splitter respectively
3, incident laser is divided into two beams through beam splitter, after a branch of lower reflecting surface through falling bodies structure 6 to the first reference prism 4,
Interference fringe is formed with another beam of laser through reflecting mirror again, and detected by the first detector 12；For second laser interferometer
7, incident laser is divided into two beams through beam splitter, after a branch of upper reflecting surface through falling bodies structure 6 to the second reference prism 8,
Interference fringe is formed with another beam of laser through reflecting mirror again, and detected by the second detector 13.Specific light path can with difference,
Fig. 2 only provides a kind of possible light path schematic diagram.
Falling bodies are changed to two pyramid ribs placed to top on the basis of common falling body absolute gravimeter by the present invention
Mirror, and increase a set of laser interferometer and corresponding reference prism in the top of the upper reflecting surface of the falling bodies, and ensure two
Reference prism is connected.When falling bodies carry out free-falling in the vacuum chamber, two sets of interferometers all can be carried out to the motion of the falling bodies
Measurement, wherein action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of laser interferometer are contrary, and acceleration of gravity, outside shake
The action effect in two sets of interferometers such as dynamic and other noises is identical, is common mode item, therefore can be by two sets of interferometers
In the differential pair absolute gravimeter of signal, the limited effect of the light velocity carries out direct measurement, solves striving with regard to this problem in the world
View.
Present invention also offers in a kind of absolute gravimeter based on double light path the limited effect of the light velocity method of testing, including
Following step：
(1) prism of corner cubes that push up are connected using two and form a falling bodies structure 6, and on falling bodies reflecting surface it is upper
The a set of laser interferometer 7 of Fang Zengjia, and make the reference prism 4,8 of two sets of laser interferometer be connected, form double beam system；
(2) in vacuum chamber 5 during free-falling, two sets of laser interferometer 3,7 gather and record interference letter to falling bodies 6 respectively
Number, the limited effects of the light velocity are obtained after the interference signal of two sets of laser interferometer is carried out corresponding data processing difference
Size.
Further, carry out the revised gravity of the limited effect of the calculated light velocity to accelerate to first laser interferometer
Spend and beThe limited effect of the calculated light velocity is carried out to second laser interferometer revised
Acceleration of gravity isBy the limited effect of the calculated light velocity of two sets of laser interferometer of contrast
Revised acceleration of gravity result is answered it is found that action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of laser interferometer is phase
Anti-, and acceleration of gravity, external vibration and other errors are identicals for the action effect of two sets of laser interferometer,
So the difference of the interference signal by two sets of laser interferometer is capable of achieving the direct measurement of the limited effect of the light velocity.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc. are limited, all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. in a kind of absolute gravimeter the limited effect of the light velocity double light path test device, it is characterised in that include：
Vibration-isolating platform (1), the supporting construction (2) above vibration-isolating platform (1), above the supporting construction (2)
One laser interferometer (3), the first reference prism (4) positioned at the lower section of the first laser interferometer (3), positioned at described first
Falling bodies vacuum chamber (5) above laser interferometer (3), the falling bodies structure (6) in the falling bodies vacuum chamber (5), positioned at institute
State the second laser interferometer (7) above falling bodies vacuum chamber (5), the second ginseng above the second laser interferometer (7)
Examine prism (8)；
The falling bodies structure (6) is connected by two falling bodies prisms and is constituted, and the falling bodies structure (6) is with upper and lower reflecting surface；
The lower reflecting surface of first reference prism (4), the first laser interferometer (3) and the falling bodies structure (6) is constituted
First laser optical interference circuit；Second reference prism (8), second laser interferometer (7) and the falling bodies structure (6) it is upper anti-
Penetrate face and constitute second laser optical interference circuit；
When falling bodies structure free-falling in the falling bodies vacuum chamber, respectively in the first laser interferometer and second
Interference signal is formed in laser interferometer, the interference signal separately detected by the first detector, the second detector is through data
Difference measurement is realized after process, as action effect of the limited effect of the light velocity in two sets of interferometers is contrary, and gravity adds
Speed, vibration noise and other noises are identicals to the action effect of two sets of interferometers, are common-mode signals, therefore by this
Difference measurement just can be with the size of the limited effect of the light velocity in direct measurement absolute gravimeter.
2. test device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that two falling bodies prisms in the falling bodies structure (6) are equal
It is that prism of corner cube and vertical angles are arranged.
3. test device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the vibration-isolating platform (1) reaches more than 15s for harmonic period
Low frequency vibration isolation system.
4. test device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first laser interferometer (3) and second laser are dry
The structure of interferometer (7) should be as symmetrical as possible.
5. test device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first reference prism (4) and the second reference prism
(8) it is rigidly connected, and first reference prism (4) is completely the same with the motion of the second reference prism (8).
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| CN107193050B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-03-05 | 北京奥地探测仪器有限公司 | A kind of the absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for double freely falling bodies |
| CN111913230B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-02-01 | 浙江大学 | Absolute gravimeter based on vacuum optical tweezers and measuring method |
| CN117111163A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-11-24 | 之江实验室 | Gravity measuring device |
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| EP2348338B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-11-21 | Université du Luxembourg | Interferometric differential free-fall gradiometer |
| CN101876716B (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-07-04 | 长安大学 | Magnetic suspension falling body cabin system and free falling body type absolute gravimeter |
| CN202141813U (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-02-08 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Light path adjusting device |
| US9110185B2 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2015-08-18 | Micro-G Lacoste, Inc. | Polarized beam, matched coincident beam path, interferometric gradiometer apparatus and method |
| CN204496033U (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-22 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | The double light path proving installation of the limited effect of the light velocity in absolute gravimeter |
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