CN104764712B - A kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality, comprises the following steps：Step 101：Obtain PCB to be measured and standard form；Step 102：PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image are gathered with THz wave imaging technique；Step 103：Thresholding, denoising are carried out to PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image, restored image to be measured and standard form restored image is obtained；Step 104：The characteristic function of restored image is calculated respectively, obtains the via center of circle and aperture information；Step 105：The characteristic information of standard form restored image and restored image to be measured is subjected to template matches computing；Step 106：If matching operation result is in the range of production allowable error, display detection is qualified；Step 107：If matching operation result is beyond production allowable error scope, display detection is unqualified.The detection of the invention effectively realized to via inwall quality, guarantee PCB product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to printed circuit board (PCB) (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) detection method field, especially one
Plant the detection method of PCB via inwall quality.
Background technology
Printed circuit board (PCB) (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) is used as a master for carrying various electronic component
Platform is wanted, connection electronic component has been undertaken, them is really turned into the effect of a complete functional module.It is as any
The indispensable basis of electronic product constitutes part, and the electronic industry to the world today generates tremendous influence.With electronics
Industrial develops rapidly, people's requirement more and more higher stable to product quality, performance, therefore PCB detection means turns into anxious
The problem that need to be studied.
In the existing detection technique that PCB is produced, the general conducting using flying needle or particular manufacturing craft detection PCB is electrically special
Property, detect that PCB paste solder printings, element are placed with automatic optics inspection (Automatic Optic Inspection, AOI) equipment
And the surface quality of lines via.But currently without for PCB vias (via) inner wall hole quality (including hole wall it is crude degree,
In terms of hole wall hole integrity degree and hole thickness) fast and effectively detection means.And with the hair at full speed of electronic technology
The frequency more and more higher of exhibition, transmission and process signal, it is special that PCB via inwall quality directly influences its conduction, amplitude-frequency phase frequency
The uniformity of property and product, thus detect that the defect of via inwall quality is one and had very much in the production process of PCB plates
The work of meaning, is widely used space in PCB manufacturing enterprises.
Existing domestic and international PCB manufacturing enterprises rely primarily on AOI detecting systems to carry out for PCB via quality testings.It is logical
Frequently with CCD (Charge-coupled Device) video cameras or CIS (Contact Image Sensor) intake detection figures
Picture, is translated into data signal, then image digital signal is handled with software engineering using computer hardware, so that
To required target image characteristics value, and a variety of work(such as implementation pattern identification, coordinate calculating, intensity profile figure on this basis
Energy.According to the difference of measured target, the testing result of output can be testee size or Form and position error or by
Survey surface integrity of object etc..
But, existing AOI equipment realizes that the detection of PCB vias has obvious shortcoming, and AOI equipment can only detect direct light
The place that line can be reached, thus the attributes such as detection hole shape, diameter, position are only capable of, but for hole inner wall defect (in such as hole
Wall has a tiny burr, and hole inwall has a screw thread, and the holeization thus brought not exclusively, hole unqualified thickness lattice the problems such as) then without
Method accomplishes effective detection, and these defects directly affect the following process quality (such as pad foaming, welding be not congruent) of PCB plates,
And the quality (such as impedance operator, amplitude versus frequency characte) of PCB finished products.Typically used program control in current PC B production detection process
Make to ensure PCB hole quality, detected without specialized equipment equipment energy device to hole inwall.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome can not being realized to via inwall quality for existing PCB detection modes to detect, PCB products can not be ensured
The deficiency of quality, the present invention provides a kind of effective detection realized to via inwall quality, ensures the PCB mistakes of PCB product qualities
The detection method of hole inwall quality.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality, the detection method comprises the following steps：
Step 101：Obtain PCB to be measured and standard form；
Step 102：PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image are gathered with THz wave imaging technique；
Step 103：Thresholding, denoising are carried out to PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image, treated
Survey restored image and standard form restored image；
Step 104：The characteristic function of standard form restored image and restored image to be measured is calculated respectively, obtains the via center of circle
And aperture information, process is as follows：
If point on arbitrfary point P (r, θ) and viewing plane on radius a circular hole2 points apart from L, hole and sightingpiston
Apart from Z, terahertz pulse is Gaussian in the distribution of time-domain and spatial domain, and incident pulse width is T, center angular frequency
ω, wave number k=2 π/λ, then
During plane wave incidence, incidence wave light field is described as
Transmitted wave light field is described asConsider light from P to Q
In the propagation time, taken when E is brought into UC is the light velocity, i.e.,
Distribution of light intensity I=| U |2；
The standard form restored image hole center of circle and radius data are obtained from the PCB files of standard form；PCB to be measured is answered
Original image obtains bore edges profile with 8- neighborhood contours extracts method, then calculates central coordinate of circle and half with least square fitting
Footpath；
Step 105：The characteristic information of the standard form restored image of gained and restored image to be measured is subjected to template matches
Computing, process is as follows：
Image registration is carried out first, i.e., by carrying out coordinate transform to PCB aperture heart coordinate, make restored image coordinate and mark
Quasi-mode plate coordinate is identical；
For the point on random two-dimensional image, it can pass through transformation matrixRealize to it
Geometric transformation, i.e.,Wherein, submatrixThe rotation transformation to target point is realized, son
MatrixRealize the translation transformation to target point；
Because one group of respective coordinates point determines 2 equations, therefore transformation matrix is determined by minimum three groups of respective coordinates point
G；
It is that reference point standard form and recovery template to be measured each hole transmitted field field strength distribution are entered using each hole heart coordinate
Row comparative analysis, draws the field strength difference on arbitrary coordinate point；
Step 106：If matching operation result is in the range of production allowable error, display detection is qualified；
Step 107：If matching operation result is beyond production allowable error scope, display detection is unqualified.
Further, in the step 107, defect area information is exported, the defect area packet contains the area coordinate
Parameter, the coordinate position are actually detected to field strength and difference, the defect area region transmission coefficient and the master die of standard form
The difference of plate, the enlarged drawing in the region is showed done most for reviewer on a display screen according to the coordinate parameters of offer
Judge eventually.
Further, in the step 103, carrying out image threshold segmentation is carried out using iterative method.
Further, in the step 103, the denoising uses Wavelet Denoising Method function：Process is as follows：Firstth, by signal
Carry out wavelet transformation, second, the different conditions using signal and noise spatially, signal is carried out to wavelet coefficient and cut out,
Noise is removed from signal, and the 3rd, utilize restructing algorithm also original image.
In step 104, the process of 8- neighborhood contours extract methods is as follows：
For a secondary bianry image, if background pixel is black, object is white, for a certain black background picture in image
Vegetarian refreshments, if being all background pixel point in its 8 neighborhoods, white is set to by the point, traversing graph just can be completed as all pixels point
Extraction to all circular hole profiles；
The Fitting Calculation of central coordinate of circle radius is completed with least square method：
For the N group data (x on edge contouri,yi), if central coordinate of circle P (A, B), radius is R, then equation of a circle is written as
(x-A)2+(y-B)2=R2
Remember that residual sum of squares (RSS) function is
Had according to the principle of least square
OrderSolve central coordinate of circle and radius is：
The present invention technical concept be：As shown in figure 1, the electromagnetic radiation that frequency is in 0.1THz-10THz is referred to as terahertz
Hereby ripple, it is in microwave to the region of infrared ray transition.Have microwave and optical characteristic concurrently.THz wave itself has several
The unique characteristic of point.
(1) transient state.The typical pulse-widths of THz pulse, can be easily to the various material row times point in picosecond level
Distinguish the research of spectrum.
(2) broadband property.Terahertz pulse source generally only includes the electromagnetic viscosimeter in several cycles, and individual pulse frequency band can be with
GHz to tens THz scope is covered, is easy to analysis material spectral characteristic in a wide range of.
(3) coherence.THz coherence comes from its relevant generation mechanism.THz coherent measurements technology being capable of direct measurement electricity
The amplitude and phase of field, so as to easily extract the Optical Parametrics such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant of sample
Number.
(4) low energy.The energy of THz photons only has milli electron-volt, compared with X-ray, will not be because of photoionization
The detected material of destruction.
(5) absorption, reflection characteristic.THz ripples have stronger penetrability, ceramics, wood to many nonmetallic, non-polar materials
Material, plastic or other material are transparent for THz ripples；And water has extremely strong absorbability to THz ripples, in addition, metal material is to THz
Ripple has strong reflection.Structure and material structure based on different absorption reflection characteristics of the THz ripples to different materials, and pcb board
Into, it is believed that, THz ripples are to plant the wave source being well suited for for PCB via quality testings.
THz wave can be as microwave be as optical imagery, as the radiation source of imaging, so in terahertz imaging
The imaging mode used on two spectral ranges can be easily used for reference in technology, new imaging mode is formed, as other
The effective supplement of imaging mode.THz wave imaging general principle be：THz wave by the use of known waveform is used as imaging
Ray, intensity and phase through the THz wave of Imaged samples (or being reflected from sample) contain the sky of sample complex dielectric permittivity
Between be distributed, the intensity of terahertz electromagnetic wave and the two-dimensional signal of phase of transmiting (or reflection) are recorded, by appropriate
Digital processing and spectrum analysis, the THz wave image with regard to sample can be obtained.
The form of mechanism is produced and detected according to THz wave can be divided into Pulse Imageing and continuous wave imaging.By Terahertz
Ripple imaging is when applying to the detection of object defect, because the absorption to THz wave of defect or damage of interior of articles is different and its
Edge can be affected to the scattering effect of terahertz light, the intensity distribution of Terahertz electric field, be reacted to the Terahertz figure of object
The light and shade that image is shown as on picture is different, i.e., corresponding intensity is different, and the position where interior of articles defect or damage is released accordingly
Put.
By THz wave imaging technique using the detection with PCB via quality, with reference to digital image processing techniques, standard member
Part Feature Extraction Technology and corresponding template matching algorithm, build a PCB via inwall quality for being different from existing equipment
Detecting system, makes up the defect of existing detection technique.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：According to metal material on PCB and nonmetallic materials to THz wave not
Same absorption characteristic, THz wave imaging technique is incorporated into PCB via quality testings.With reference to carrying out image threshold segmentation, small echo
The digital image processing techniques such as denoising and characteristic matching method, realize PCB is crossed hole surface and inwall quality it is quick, have
The detection of effect, detects especially for the incomplete PCB vias of holeization, compensate for the deficiency of existing detection device.This patent pair
Ensure PCB product quality, stability of enhancing product performance, realize that the raising of PCB manufacturing enterprises profit has extremely important meaning
Justice.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of THz wave.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of pcb board via detecting system structure.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the detection method of PCB via inwall quality.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of 1~Fig. 3 of reference picture, detection method of PCB vias inwall quality, the detection method comprises the following steps：
Step 101：Obtain PCB to be measured and standard form；
Step 102：PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image are gathered with THz wave imaging technique；
Step 103：Thresholding, denoising are carried out to PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image, treated
Survey restored image and standard form restored image；
Step 104：The characteristic function of standard form restored image and restored image to be measured is calculated respectively, obtains the via center of circle
And aperture information, process is as follows：
Point on point P (r, θ) and viewing plane on radius a circular hole2 points apart from L, hole and sightingpiston apart from Z,
If terahertz pulse is Gaussian in the distribution of time-domain and spatial domain, incident pulse width be T, center angular frequency ω,
Wave number k=2 π/λ,
During plane wave incidence, the description of incidence wave light field
Transmitted wave light field is describedWhen light is propagated from P to Q
Between, taken when E is brought into UC is the light velocity, i.e.,
Distribution of light intensity I=| U |2；
The standard form restored image hole center of circle and radius data are obtained from the PCB files of standard form；PCB to be measured is answered
Original image obtains bore edges profile with 8- neighborhood contours extracts method, then calculates central coordinate of circle and half with least square fitting
Footpath；
Step 105：The characteristic information of the standard form restored image of gained and restored image to be measured is subjected to template matches
Computing, process is as follows：
Image registration is carried out first, i.e., by carrying out coordinate transform to PCB aperture heart coordinate, make restored image coordinate and standard
Template coordinate is identical；
For the point on random two-dimensional image, it can pass through transformation matrixRealize to it
Geometric transformation, i.e.,Wherein, submatrixThe rotation transformation to target point is realized, son
MatrixRealize the translation transformation to target point.
Because one group of respective coordinates point determines 2 equations, therefore transformation matrix is determined by minimum three groups of respective coordinates point
G；
It is that reference point standard form and recovery template to be measured each hole transmitted field field strength distribution are entered using each hole heart coordinate
Row comparative analysis, draws the field strength difference on arbitrary coordinate point；
Step 106：If matching operation result is in the range of production allowable error, display detection is qualified；
Step 107：If matching operation result is beyond production allowable error scope, display detection is unqualified.
Further, in the step 107, defect area information is exported, the defect area packet contains the area coordinate
Parameter, the coordinate position are actually detected to field strength and difference, the defect area region transmission coefficient and the master die of standard form
The difference of plate, the enlarged drawing in the region is showed done most for reviewer on a display screen according to the coordinate parameters of offer
Judge eventually.
Further, in the step 103, carrying out image threshold segmentation is carried out using iterative method.
Further, in the step 103, the denoising uses Wavelet Denoising Method function：Process is as follows：Firstth, by signal
Carry out wavelet transformation, second, the different conditions using signal and noise spatially, signal is carried out to wavelet coefficient and cut out,
Noise is removed from signal, and the 3rd, utilize restructing algorithm also original image.
In step 104, the process of 8- neighborhood contours extract methods is as follows：
For a secondary bianry image, if background pixel is black, object is white, for a certain black background picture in image
Vegetarian refreshments, if being all background pixel point in its 8 neighborhoods, white is set to by the point, traversing graph just can be completed as all pixels point
Extraction to all circular hole profiles；
The Fitting Calculation of central coordinate of circle radius is completed with least square method：
For the N group data (x on edge contouri,yi), if central coordinate of circle P (A, B), radius is R, then equation of a circle is written as
(x-A)2+(y-B)2=R2
Remember that residual sum of squares (RSS) function is
Had according to the principle of least square
OrderSolve central coordinate of circle and radius is：
There is the features such as interference fringe, contrast are relatively low, image is relatively obscured in the original image that THz wave imaging is obtained.This
Patent is handled image from algorithm, reaches elimination noise, interference fringe, improves picture contrast and enhancing image border
Deng purpose.With reference to PCB produce realities, make the image after processing disclosure satisfy that PCB vias detection the need for.
Original image threshold division：Imagethresholding is a kind of traditional the most frequently used image partition method, because
It realizes that simple, amount of calculation is small, performance is relatively stable and turns into most basic and most widely used cutting techniques in image segmentation.It
The image that target and background occupies different grey-scale scope is particularly suitable for use in, is to carry out graphical analysis, feature under many circumstances
Extract and the necessary image preprocessing process before pattern-recognition.Common carrying out image threshold segmentation method have Otsu, maximum entropy,
Iterative method, Adaptive Thresholding etc., this patent carry out carrying out image threshold segmentation using iterative method.
Wavelet Denoising Method function：Wavelet function is as a kind of effective time (space)/dimensional analysis algorithm, and its application is time
And multiple research fields of signal and image analysis processing, to three steps of PCB imagings point：Firstth, signal is subjected to small echo change
Change, second, the different conditions using signal and noise spatially, carrying out signal to wavelet coefficient cuts out, noise from signal
It is middle to remove, the 3rd, utilize restructing algorithm also original image.
The calculating of standard form and collection image eigenfunction, including following process：
First, the center of circle positioning in hole and radius derivation algorithm：The core of detecting system solves detection PCB vias
Quality problems, will carry out the determination of the center of circle and radius for the through hole after each imaging, through hole is calculated on this basis
Characteristic function.
Then, the characteristic function of field strength distribution and symmetry：There is symmetry, thus its on standard PCB via structure
The result of THz wave imaging also has corresponding symmetry.And the PCB vias that there is mass defect necessarily have in structure
Asymmetry, the absorption characteristic to THz wave in via different zones is also just necessarily uneven, and this is ultimately resulted in
To the asymmetry of the imaging results of defect PCB vias.
Last template matching algorithms：Template matching algorithm is important part in PCB detecting systems, and it is determined
The accuracy rate and accuracy of detecting system.This project is intended matching using traditional essential characteristic according to the characteristics of this detecting system
Method is combined with relational structure matching method, to improve the accuracy rate of system detectio.
The main generating means by (1) Terahertz light source of detecting system as shown in Figure 2, (2) board under test article carrying platform, (3)
The computer that terahertz wave detector part and (4) are used for Digital Image Processing is constituted.Objective table is used to adjust pcb board and light source
Relative position.Common THz wave detecting devices is pyroelectric detector.The THz wave field strength that detection device is obtained
The information such as distribution input computer, with regard to that can obtain being used for carrying out matching inspection with standard picture after certain Digital Image Processing
The THz wave imaging results of survey.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality, it is characterised in that：The detection method comprises the following steps：
Step 101：Obtain PCB to be measured and standard form；
Step 102：PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image are gathered with THz wave imaging technique；
Step 103：Thresholding, denoising are carried out to PCB original images to be measured and standard form original image, obtain to be measured multiple
Original image and standard form restored image；
Step 104：The characteristic function of standard form restored image and restored image to be measured is calculated respectively, obtains the via center of circle and hole
Footpath information, process is as follows：
If point on arbitrfary point P (r, θ) and viewing plane on radius a circular hole2 points apart from L, circular hole and viewing plane
Apart from Z, terahertz pulse is Gaussian in the distribution of time-domain and spatial domain, and incident pulse width is T, center angular frequency
ω, wave number k=2 π/λ, then
During plane wave incidence, incidence wave light field is described as
Transmitted wave light field is described asWhen considering that light is propagated from P to Q
Between, taken when E is brought into UC is the light velocity, i.e.,
Distribution of light intensity I=| U |2；
The standard form restored image hole center of circle and radius data are obtained from the PCB files of standard form；PCB restored images to be measured
Bore edges profile is obtained with 8- neighborhood contours extracts method, then hole central coordinate of circle and radius are calculated with least square fitting；
Step 105：The characteristic information of the standard form restored image of gained and restored image to be measured is subjected to template matches computing,
Process is as follows：
Image registration is carried out first, i.e., by carrying out coordinate transform to PCB aperture central coordinate of circle, make restored image coordinate and standard
Template coordinate is identical；
For the point on random two-dimensional image, it can pass through transformation matrixRealize to the several of it
What is converted, i.e.,Wherein, submatrixRealize the rotation transformation to target point, submatrixRealize the translation transformation to target point；
Because one group of respective coordinates point determines 2 equations, therefore transformation matrix G is determined by minimum three groups of respective coordinates point；
By reference point standard form and recovery template to be measured of each hole central coordinate of circle, each hole transmitted field field strength distribution is carried out
Comparative analysis, draws the field strength difference on arbitrary coordinate point；
Step 106：If matching operation result is in the range of production allowable error, display detection is qualified；
Step 107：If matching operation result is beyond production allowable error scope, display detection is unqualified.
2. a kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 107
In, defect area information is exported, the defect area packet is containing the area coordinate parameter, the coordinate position is actually detected shows up
The difference of difference by force with standard form, the defect area region transmission coefficient and standard form, according to the coordinate parameters of offer
The enlarged drawing in the region is showed on a display screen and does final judgement for reviewer.
3. a kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The step
In 103, carrying out image threshold segmentation is carried out using iterative method.
4. a kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The step
In 103, the denoising uses Wavelet Denoising Method function：Process is as follows：Firstth, signal is subjected to wavelet transformation, second, utilize signal
With the different conditions of noise spatially, to wavelet coefficient carry out signal cut out, noise is removed from signal, the 3rd, utilization
Restructing algorithm also original image.
5. a kind of detection method of PCB vias inwall quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 104,
The process of 8- neighborhood contours extract methods is as follows：
For a secondary bianry image, if background pixel is black, object is white, for a certain black background pixel in image
Point, if being all background pixel point in its 8 neighborhoods, white is set to by the point, and traversing graph just can be completed pair as all pixels point
The extraction of all circular hole profiles；
The Fitting Calculation of hole central coordinate of circle radius is completed with least square method：
For the N group data (x on edge contouri,yi), apertured central coordinate of circle P (A, B), radius is R, then equation of a circle is written as (x-
A)2+(y-B)2=R2
Remember that residual sum of squares (RSS) function is
Had according to the principle of least square
OrderSolve hole central coordinate of circle and radius is：
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| CN104764712A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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