CN104764476A - Wavelength circulation tuning compensation interferential sensor operating point drift method and system - Google Patents
Wavelength circulation tuning compensation interferential sensor operating point drift method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wavelength circulation tuning compensation interferential sensor operating point drift method and belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing technology. The method is characterized in that stabilization of quiescent operating points of a two-beam interferential sensor is achieved by means of a bandwidth-limited wavelength tunable laser. According to the method, the circulating tunable wavelength of the laser is controlled through a sensor feedback signal, the quiescent operating points of the sensor are tracked and compensated in real time, and long-term stable operation of the sensor is achieved. The method has the advantages that the distributed feedback semiconductor laser is adopted as a light source, a circulation tuning compensation method is used for solving the problem of operating point drift of the interferential sensor, the compensation problem that the operating points drift on a large range when the sensor is under a severe environment is solved, and system cost is reduced compared with other methods. The method is suitable for detecting vibration and acoustic waves of complex environments by means of the optical fiber sensing technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, is a kind of method and system utilizing band-limited Wavelength tunable laser to realize two-beam interference type transducer dwell stabilization of operating point.The long-term stability that the method realizes sensor by circulating wavelength tuning real-time follow-up compensation sensor quiescent point is run.The working point that the method is related specifically to based on the low fineness F-P sensor of interference-intensity modulated compensates, utilize sensor feedback signal control tunable laser wavelength and then follow the tracks of quiescent point on a large scale, the high-sensitivity measurement to vibration or acoustic signals can be realized.The present invention is applicable to the vibration and the sound wave that utilize optical fiber sensing technology detection of complex environment.
Background technology
Two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor contrast condenser type or the electronic sensor of piezoelectric type, have in sound wave and vibration survey that structure is simple, highly sensitive, electromagnetism interference, volume are little, safe, can form the plurality of advantages such as optical fiber sensing network.Thus at sound wave sensing, seismic monitoring, building structure health monitoring, there is important application the aspects such as high-power transformer partial discharge monitoring.But the biggest obstacle limiting the fiber optic interferometric sensor practical application of this kind of modulation system is the working sensor point drift problem under environmental factor change.For the sensor of two-beam interference modulation type, its interference spectum is cosine function (the F-P sensor of low fineness is approximately two-beam interference), we usually utilize cosine curve neutral line degree best one section as phase place-intensity-conversion curve.When the alternating current signal detection to sound wave one class, quiescent point is generally arranged on 1/4 maximum π phase point of rate of curve (Q point), (see Dae-Hyun Kim, Bon-Yong Koo, Chun-GonKim, Damage detection of composite structuresusing a stabilized extrinsicFabry – Perotinterferometric sensor system, SamrtMater.Struct.13 (2004) 593-598).Near Q point, the response of small-signal is linear, and the sensitivity of response is maximum.If but Q point is departed from because of extraneous factor in working point, the sensitivity of sensor will reduce and occur nonlinear response.
Multiple solution has been proposed in paper early stage for two-beam interference type working sensor point drift problem.Document 1 [J.F.Dorighi, S.Krishnaswamy, J.D.Achenbach, Stabilization of anembeddedfiber optic Fabry – Perot sensor for ultrasound detection, IEEE Trans.Ultrason.Ferroelectr.Freq.Control 37 (1995) 820 – 824] report use outside cavity gas laser by the wavelength of tuning operation laser, operating point drift is compensated.Although this method can control working point within the scope of certain drift value, the volume of this large spectral range exocoel tuner-type laser instrument is large, and mechanical tuning mechanism structure is complicated, expensive, is not suitable as a kind of light source of simple Fibre Optical Sensor.Document 2 [Bing.Yu, Anbo.Wang, Grating-assisted demodulation of interferometric opticalsensors, Appl.Opt.42 (2003) 6824 – 6829] adopt the principle of compensation work point drift substantially identical, it is all the scheme adopting wide spectrum light source+wavelength selecting device, the shortcoming of document [2] also uses grating mechanical adjusting mechanism in light path, make whole modulation demodulation system volume large, complex structure, and Laser output is coupled to grating, after optical grating diffraction light splitting, coupled back into optical fibers will introduce larger insertion loss again.Owing to adopting wide range spontaneous radiation light source, the light intensity after narrow-band filtering is weak, the detection sensitivity of the direct influential system of meeting.The patent No. is in " automatic tuning control F-P fiber optic sensor " of ZL200710046651, use the distributed feedback laser (being called for short DFB) with temperature control system, laser instrument is made to change output wavelength by FEEDBACK CONTROL temperature control system, thus compensation work point drift, a shortcoming of this method is that the speed of response of thermal tuning DFB output wavelength is slower, in addition, the spectrum tunable range of Distributed Feedback Laser is usually very narrow, the method is followed the tracks of tuning in very narrow tuning or frequency-selecting bandwidth, once the operating point drift that environmental factor causes is beyond wavelength tuning compensation range, then tracing compensation scheme in working point will lose efficacy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor operating point drift problem, and the operation wavelength proposed based on the tuning Distributed Feedback Laser of current cycle carrys out the method for compensation work point drift.The method can be implemented in working point in drift situation in a big way, to the continuous real-time follow-up of Q point, and simple, cheap, highly sensitive according to the sensor-based system structure designed by this scheme.
The Main Basis of the present invention's design comprises:
In fiber optic interferometric sensor, the phase differential of sense light and reference light can be expressed as
in formula, λ is the centre wavelength of LASER Light Source, and OPD represents optical path difference.Can find out when environmental parameter change causes OPD to change from formula, by the change regulating λ to compensate OPD, constant phase difference can be kept.This process can be formulated as:
From (1) formula, OPD changes the phase place change caused and can offset with the change of wavelength, the wavelength tuning range being generally used for the Distributed Feedback Laser of sensing measurement only has several nanometer, when OPD continuous print knots modification is beyond the wavelength tuning range of laser instrument, so operating point drift can not effectively be compensated.
In order to address this problem, a kind of method and system that the Q point that circulates under the present invention proposes a kind of finite light source bandwidth is followed the tracks of.First according to the wavelength tuning range of laser instrument, the initial optical path difference of selected interferometer, be greater than the condition of π with the phase change met caused by wavelength tuning, thus guarantee that Q point appears in tuning range, namely optical path difference will meet
OPD≥λ
2/2Δλ
max(2)
In formula, Δ λ max is laser instrument maximum wavelength tuning range.Under meeting above-mentioned condition, 1 is known with reference to the accompanying drawings, when OPD change the operating point drift caused exceed laser tuning scope time, the Continuous Tracking of Q point can be realized by the mode of circulation tuning laser output wavelength.Based on phase compensation principle, as long as OPD meets the condition of formula (2), when OPD increases, so make to compensate in this way by the wavelength tuning range restriction of not Stimulated Light device.If possible there is the situation that OPD reduces when practical application, because OPD significantly reduces the scope that can increase wavelength tuning compensation, need to select suitable initial optical path difference OPD, have enough tuning surpluses to make OPD.
From the method that this Phase Tracking is tuning, the circulation saltus step of π phase differential can cause the anti-phase of detection signal, and this problem can be solved with the method for inverting amplifier by switching homophase amplification according to saltus step control signal in signal pre-amplification process.
Technical solution of the present invention:
Wavelength circulates the method and system of tuning compensating interferometer type working sensor point drift, utilizes narrow bandwidth tunable laser to make light source, uses optical maser wavelength circulation tuning methods to realize the operating point drift compensation method of two-beam interference type sensor.
This method system for use in carrying comprises tunable laser, circulator, two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor, detector module, signal acquisition and controlling circuit, tunable laser driving circuit and computer system.Tunable laser is connected with the first port of circulator through optical fiber; Second port of circulator is connected with two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor through single-mode fiber; 3rd port of circulator is connected with detector module, and detector module comprises homophase prime amplifier and anti-phase prime amplifier; Detector module connects signal acquisition and controlling circuit; Signal acquisition and controlling circuit by the information transmission that collects to computer system; Computer system sends instruction to signal acquisition and controlling circuit; Signal acquisition and controlling circuit gathers the signal of detector module, controls the switching of homophase prime amplifier in tunable laser driving circuit and detector module and anti-phase prime amplifier; The control signal that tunable laser driving circuit Received signal strength data acquisition and controlling circuit produces drives tunable laser.
First scan tunable laser output spectrum, to the cosine interference signal curve differentiate obtained, determine the tunable laser driving current value under the wavelength location that derivative value is maximum and this wavelength, maximum wavelength location is Q point wavelength; Then record the DC quantity mean value of the interference signal under this drive current, this DC quantity mean value is set to reference value.The DC quantity of two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor Real-time Obtaining signal, DC quantity and reference value are compared, when there is deviation, illustrate that working point there occurs drift, now passing ratio-Integrated Derivative (PID) algorithm regulates the Injection Current of tunable laser, by fine setting optical maser wavelength tracking lock Q point.When output wavelength be tuned to maximal value or minimum value time, continue increase wavelength or reduce wavelength to lock working point, output wavelength saltus step automatically can be returned the Q point that minimum value or maximal value carry out next circulation and be locked by system.When wavelength is from peak to peak or from minimum value to maximal value saltus step, signal acquisition and controlling circuit sending signal is to the prime amplifier of detector module, the in-phase amplifier that works in prime amplifier and inverting amplifier are switched, and after overcoming saltus step there is anti-phase phenomenon in signal phase.
Described tunable laser is electric current tuning distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser, and laser. operating temperature is controlled, and temperature controls to ensure the stable of laser output wavelength.Laser output wavelength can carry out the tuning of certain limit by Injection Current size, and the scope of wavelength tuning is general at more than 0.5nm.
Described two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor, its initial optical path difference arranges generally >=2.4mm.
Adopt the tunable laser that carries light intensity monitoring function or connect in tunable laser first connecting fiber coupling mechanism before circulator to export tunable laser light intensity in order to monitoring.
Isolator is provided with between tunable laser and circulator.
Described circulator splitting ratio is that the coupling mechanism of 50:50 replaces.
Effect of the present invention and benefit:
Adopt distributed feedback type semiconductor laser as light source, the tuning compensation method of circulation is utilized to overcome interferometric sensor operating point drift problem, both solved the compensation problem that sensor working point in rugged surroundings drifts about on a large scale, contrast additive method again reduces the cost of system.Distributed Feedback Laser, as light source, uses and changes Injection Current mode tuning laser wavelength ratio thermal tuning laser output wavelength more fast, can compensate the working sensor point of rapid drift.Laser instrument is as the scheme of light source compared with wide spectrum light source+wavelength selecting device, and its Light source line width is narrower, and power is higher, and according to interferometric principle, line width, high-power light source, for two-beam interference type sensor, can obtain high sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1 tunable laser; 2 circulators; 3 two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensors;
4 detector modules; 5 signal acquisition and controlling circuit; 6 tunable laser driving circuits;
7 computer systems.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Wavelength circulates the system of tuning compensating interferometer type working sensor point drift, mainly comprises tunable laser 1, circulator 2, two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor 3, detector module 4, signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5, tunable laser driving circuit 6, computer system 7.
Computer system 7 controls to send instruction to signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5; Signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5 controls tunable laser driving circuit 6 and detector module 3, and gathers the signal of detector module 3, and the Signal transmissions collected carries out further treatment and analysis to computer system.
The wherein distributed feedback semiconductor laser of tunable laser 1 to be centre wavelength be 1550nm, the scope of its wavelength tuning is general at more than 0.5nm, and this laser instrument carries temperature and controls and output intensity monitoring.By indium gallium arsenic (InGaAs) detector and pre-amplification circuit in detector module; Wherein pre-amplification circuit is that two-stage is amplified, and the first order is low noise mutual conductance amplifying circuit, and the second level is made up of in-phase amplification circuit and see-saw circuit; The controlled switch operating of amplifying circuit in the second level.Signal acquisition and controlling circuit adopts 16 non-multifunctional data acquisition card NI PCI-6014 of American National instrument (NI) company limited.
Two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor adopts the fiber Fabry-Pérot cavity capsule of Dalian University of Technology's development, and chamber length is 1210 μm.
The specific implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
Computer system 7 sends instruction to signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5, and signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5 controls tunable laser driving circuit 6 and applies 45mA to 105mA scan drive circuit; The signal that fiber Fabry-Pérot cavity capsule 4 returns is gathered by signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5 after detector module 4, and the signal collected is transferred to computer system 7 by pci bus; Computer system 7 is to the signal curve differentiate obtained, derivative maximum of points is Q point, find the driving circuit value corresponding to Q point and signal intensity, signal strength values is recorded in as reference value in computer system 7, and the current value of Q point correspondence is as the injection circuit value of current tunable laser 1; Computer system 7 mean value that monitoring is signal collected in real time, when mean value departs from reference value, computer system 7 eliminates by signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5 ACTIVE CONTROL tunable laser driving circuit 6 the departing between signal averaging and reference value that operating point drift causes by pid algorithm, thus ensures that the optical maser wavelength in tunable laser 1 makes near fiber Fabry-Pérot cavity capsule 4 working point Q point all the time; If desired the optical maser wavelength exported is beyond the tuning range of tunable laser 1, then adjust the injection circuit of tunable laser driving circuit 6, make tunable laser drive 1 output wavelength and jump to maximum or minimum wavelength, while generation saltus step, computer system 7 sends instruction by signal acquisition and controlling circuit 5, switch the second level amplifying circuit of prime amplifier in detector module 4, in order to signal phase after eliminating saltus step, anti-phase phenomenon occurs.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a wavelength circulates the method and system of tuning compensating interferometer type working sensor point drift, it is characterized in that, utilize tunable laser to make light source, use optical maser wavelength circulation tuning methods to realize the operating point drift compensation method of two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor; This method system for use in carrying comprises tunable laser, circulator, two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor, detector module, signal acquisition and controlling circuit, tunable laser driving circuit and computer system; Tunable laser is connected with the first port of circulator through optical fiber; Second port of circulator is connected with two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor through single-mode fiber; 3rd port of circulator is connected with detector module, and detector module comprises homophase prime amplifier and anti-phase prime amplifier; Detector module connects signal acquisition and controlling circuit; Signal acquisition and controlling circuit by the information transmission that collects to computer system; Computer system sends instruction to signal acquisition and controlling circuit; Signal acquisition and controlling circuit gathers the signal of detector module, controls the switching of homophase prime amplifier in tunable laser driving circuit and detector module and anti-phase prime amplifier; The control signal that tunable laser driving circuit Received signal strength data acquisition and controlling circuit produces drives tunable laser; Concrete steps are as follows:
First scan tunable laser output spectrum, to the cosine interference signal curve differentiate obtained, determine the tunable laser driving current value under the wavelength location that derivative value is maximum and this wavelength, maximum wavelength location is Q point wavelength; Then record the DC quantity mean value of the interference signal under this drive current, this DC quantity mean value is set to reference value; The DC quantity of two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor Real-time Obtaining signal, DC quantity and reference value are compared, when there is deviation, illustrate that working point there occurs drift, now passing ratio-Integrated Derivative algorithm regulates the Injection Current of tunable laser, by fine setting optical maser wavelength tracking lock Q point; When output wavelength be tuned to maximal value or minimum value time, continue increase wavelength or reduce wavelength to lock working point, output wavelength saltus step automatically can be returned the Q point that minimum value or maximal value carry out next circulation and be locked by system; When wavelength is from peak to peak or from minimum value to maximal value saltus step, signal acquisition and controlling circuit sending signal is to the prime amplifier of detector module, the in-phase amplifier that works in prime amplifier and inverting amplifier are switched, and after overcoming saltus step there is anti-phase phenomenon in signal phase.
2. method and system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tunable laser is electric current tuning distributed feedback type semiconductor laser, and wavelength tuning is at more than 0.5nm.
3. method and system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the initial optical path difference >=2.4mm of described two-beam interference type Fibre Optical Sensor.
4. method and system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, adopt the tunable laser that carries light intensity monitoring function or connect in tunable laser first connecting fiber coupling mechanism before circulator to export tunable laser light intensity in order to monitoring.
5. method and system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, adopt the tunable laser that carries light intensity monitoring function or connect in tunable laser first connecting fiber coupling mechanism before circulator to export tunable laser light intensity in order to monitoring.
6. the method and system according to claim 1,2 or 5, is characterized in that, between tunable laser and circulator, be provided with isolator.
7. method and system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, between tunable laser and circulator, be provided with isolator.
8. method and system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, between tunable laser and circulator, be provided with isolator.
9. the method and system according to claim 1,2,5,7 or 8, is characterized in that, described circulator splitting ratio is that the coupling mechanism of 50:50 replaces.
10. method and system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described circulator splitting ratio is that the coupling mechanism of 50:50 replaces.
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| CN111854923A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆邮电大学 | Acoustic wave measurement system, cantilever beam type optical fiber acoustic wave sensor demodulation system and method |
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| CN110044464A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | The non-linear acoustic pressure demodulation method in any operating point of optical fiber Fabry-Perot hydrophone and system |
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| CN112816055B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-09-03 | 北方工业大学 | Self-calibration optical micro-vibration detection method |
| CN114910015A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-16 | 深圳市中图仪器股份有限公司 | Reconstruction method of white light interference signal |
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