CN104762236B - 餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法,制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732的培养;(2)嗜糖污水杆菌DSM 22681的培养;(3)解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265的培养;(4)嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523;(5)速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682的培养;(6)岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630;(7)互营单胞菌DSM4212的培养;(8)热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637的培养;(9)嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1852的培养;将上述菌的培养物以一定比例混合,即得菌剂。本发明制备方法制备的菌剂能实现餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的快速启动和高效运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固体废弃物处理技术领域,具体涉及餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法。
技术背景
厌氧消化的启动期在餐厨垃圾的处理过程当中非常关键,它可使厌氧消化过程尽快稳定,并决定了厌氧消化的效率,因此其影响因素得到了广泛的研究,例如接种物性质、底物成分、性质以及有机负荷或者过程控制(如温度、发酵类型)等。但直到现在,不同文献报道的启动效率差异仍然较大,其中接种物是影响启动的最重要因素。
在现有研究当中,利用复合菌加速发酵启动的研究不多。中国专利CN 101705199A报道了一种产甲烷复合菌剂及其制备方法,但对于发酵产沼气的加速效果有限,且未考虑如何才能稳定的加速厌氧消化启动,而加速启动的稳定性是至关重要的。
更为重要的是,餐厨垃圾的成分性质的差异巨大,现有技术中,尚未出现能稳定且大幅缩短餐厨垃圾厌氧消化启动的方法。而据2011年的统计,餐厨垃圾的产量已达8千万吨以上,并呈快速上升的趋势。
因此,亟待发开一种能加速餐厨垃圾厌氧消化启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732的培养:培养基为CM3培养基,除培养基中的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸外,先将其它成分溶解,除氧后后进行高压灭菌,加入过滤除菌的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸,用质量体积比为5%的Na2CO3 调整 pH 至 7.2,充氮条件下接种,55˚C培养20天;
(2)嗜糖污水杆菌DSM 22681的培养:培养基为PY + X培养基,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养20天;
(3)解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265的培养:培养基为:0.4g H2HPO4 ,1.0g NH4Cl,2g 酵母膏,2g 胰酶解酪蛋白蛋白胨,1g MgCl2, 0.4g CaCl2, 0.001g 刃天青, 5.0g NaHCO3,0.3g Na2S∙9 H2O,1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/L MgSO4∙7H2O, 0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O, 1g /LNaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O;通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养15-20天;
(4)嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523:培养基为:0.14g KH2PO4 , 0.2 g MgCl2, 0.15gCaCl2, 0.54g NH4Cl, 1ml 微量元素SL-11,1ml钨酸亚硒酸溶液,10 ml维生素, 0.001刃天青,2.3g 酵母膏,2.2g 葡萄糖,2.5g NaHCO3,0.25g Cysteine-HCl,0.25g Na2S,所述微量元素SL-11的配方为:5.2g/L Na2-EDTA,1.5g/L FeCl2,0.07g/L ZnCl2,0.1g/L MnCl2,0.006g/L H3BO3,0.19g/L CoCl2,0.002g/L CuCl2,0.024g NiCl2,0.036g Na2Mo4,所述钨酸亚硒酸溶液配方为:0.5g/L NaOH, 0.003g/L Na2SeO3, 0.004g/L Na2WO4,所述维生素溶液配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,于厌氧条件下55˚C培养20-30天;
(5)速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682的培养:培养基为YTG培养基,在55˚C下厌氧培养20-30天;
(6)岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630:培养基为:0.9g NH4Cl,0.9g NaCl,0.4g MgCl2,0.75gKH2PO4, 1.5g H2HPO4,9 mL 微量元素,3g FeSO4, 1g 刃天青,5g 维生素,1g Na2S, 3g 酵母膏, 10g 胰蛋白胨, 5g 葡萄糖,所述微量元素的配方为:1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/LMgSO4∙7H2O,0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O,1g /L NaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O,所述维生素的配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养7-10天;
(7)互营单胞菌DSM4212:培养基为互营单胞菌SD2培养基,按照50%体积接种,25˚C培养8-15天;
(8)热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637的培养:使用产甲烷杆菌培养基,厌氧条件下55˚C培养8-15天;
(9)嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1852的培养:采用八叠球菌培养基,厌氧条件下于55˚C培养10-20天;
按菌液体积份数计,将亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌17-19份、嗜糖污水杆菌120-130份、解蛋白粪热杆菌85-93份、嗜热厌氧绳菌23-25份、速生栖热分枝菌16-18份、岸栖高温杆菌11-13份、互营单胞菌127-141份、热自养甲烷热杆菌470-520份、嗜热甲烷八叠球菌190-210份、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌166-182份、甲酸甲烷杆菌19-21份混合,即得所述菌剂。
本发明选择了可有效降解纤维素的亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732;降解糖类的嗜糖污水杆菌DSM22681;降解蛋白类的解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265、岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630、嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523、速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682,嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523可能还具备降解氨氮的能力,可能对缓解厌氧发酵氨毒害起作用。
本发明制备方法所得的菌剂,能十分显著的获得加速餐厨垃圾厌氧消化启动的效果。需指出的是,任何基于本发明的制备方法所做的可预见性改动,均不背离本发明的保护范围和精神,本发明所公布的制备方法仅仅为可获得最佳效果的组合而已。
需指出的是,本发明不对各步骤的先后顺序有所限定,任何将本发明各步骤顺序进行调整的方法,均不影响本发明的实质效果,均视为与本发明实质相同。
优选的,各菌种的菌浓为1-4×108个/ml。
本发明的有益效果
本发明所制备的菌剂能显著的加速餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的启动并使之高效运行;
本发明的制备方法工艺简单,条件不苛刻,具有巨大应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员根据上述发明内容所做出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732的培养:培养基为CM3培养基,除培养基中的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸外,先将其它成分溶解,除氧后进行高压灭菌,加入过滤除菌的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸,用质量体积比为5%的Na2CO3 调整 pH 至 7.2,充氮条件下接种,55˚C培养20天;
(2)嗜糖污水杆菌DSM 22681的培养:培养基为PY + X培养基,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养20天;
(3)解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265的培养:培养基为:0.4g H2HPO4 ,1.0g NH4Cl,2g 酵母膏,2g 胰酶解酪蛋白蛋白胨,1g MgCl2, 0.4g CaCl2, 0.001g 刃天青, 5.0g NaHCO3,0.3g Na2S∙9 H2O,1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/L MgSO4∙7H2O, 0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O, 1g /LNaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O。通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养15天。
(4)嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523:培养基为:0.14g KH2PO4 , 0.2 g MgCl2, 0.15gCaCl2, 0.54g NH4Cl, 1ml 微量元素SL-11,1ml钨酸亚硒酸溶液,10 ml维生素, 0.001刃天青,2.3g 酵母膏,2.2g 葡萄糖,2.5g NaHCO3,0.25g Cysteine-HCl,0.25g Na2S,所述微量元素SL-11的配方为:5.2g/L Na2-EDTA,1.5g/L FeCl2,0.07g/L ZnCl2,0.1g/L MnCl2,0.006g/L H3BO3,0.19g/L CoCl2,0.002g/L CuCl2,0.024g NiCl2,0.036g Na2Mo4,所述钨酸亚硒酸溶液配方为:0.5g/L NaOH, 0.003g/L Na2SeO3, 0.004g/L Na2WO4,所述维生素溶液配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,于厌氧条件下55˚C培养20天;
(5)速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682的培养:培养基为YTG培养基,在55˚C下厌氧培养20天;
(6)岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630:培养基为:0.9g NH4Cl,0.9g NaCl,0.4g MgCl2,0.75gKH2PO4, 1.5g H2HPO4,9 mL 微量元素,3g FeSO4, 1g 刃天青,5g 维生素,1g Na2S, 3g 酵母膏, 10g 胰蛋白胨, 5g 葡萄糖,所述微量元素的配方为:1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/LMgSO4∙7H2O,0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O,1g /L NaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O,所述维生素的配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养7天.
(7)互营单胞菌DSM4212:培养基为互营单胞菌SD2培养基,按照50%体积接种,25˚C培养8天;
(8)热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637的培养:使用产甲烷杆菌培养基,厌氧条件下55˚C培养8天;
(9)嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1852的培养:采用八叠球菌培养基,厌氧条件下于55˚C培养10天;
以每毫升含有1×108个菌体,将18份亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732、125份嗜糖污水杆菌DSM22681、89份解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265、24份嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523、17份速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682、12份岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630、134份互营单胞菌DSM4212、494份热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、202份嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1825、174份卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、20份甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637混合,即得所述菌剂。
实施例2
除各菌的配比为:
17份亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732、120份嗜糖污水杆菌DSM22681、85份解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265、23份嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523、16份速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682、11份岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630、127份互营单胞菌DSM4212、470份热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、190份嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1825、166份卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、19份甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637;各菌种的菌浓每毫升为2×108个菌体;以及除(3)中培养时间为20天,(4)中培养时间为30天,(5)中培养时间为30天,(6)中培养时间为10天,(7)中培养时间为15天,(8)中培养时间为15天,(9)中培养时间为20天之外,其余与实施例1一致。
实施例3
除各菌的配比为:
19份亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732、130份嗜糖污水杆菌DSM22681、93份解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265、25份嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523、18份速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682、13份岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630、141份互营单胞菌DSM4212、520份热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、210份嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1825、182份卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、21份甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637;各菌种的菌浓每毫升为4×108个菌体;以及除(3)中培养时间为18天,(4)中培养时间为25天,(5)中培养时间为25天,(6)中培养时间为8天,(7)中培养时间为12天,(8)中培养时间为12天,(9)中培养时间为15天之外,其余与实施例1一致。
实施例4
实验采用两相厌氧消化工艺进行,具体步骤如下:
1)酸化罐的构建
酸化罐体积400L,有效容积320L,33℃恒温发酵,发酵浓度(TS)10%,pH值5.5,HRT为3d;每天进/出料一次,出料作为厌氧罐的进料。
2)厌氧罐的构建
厌氧罐体积1600L,有效容积1300L,55℃恒温发酵;加入130L实施例1或实施例2或实施例3中的复合菌剂;
3)厌氧罐的运行
以0.5kgVS/m3•d的有机负荷为启动负荷,后期根据发酵液中的VFA、氨氮、pH值等发酵参数来逐步提升负荷;通过调整进料量(原料VS计)来调整发酵罐的HRT和有机负荷。实验共运行150d,考察稳定运行状态下的各种工艺参数。
对比实施例1
仅实施例4步骤2)中所述复合菌剂以脱水污泥代替,其他均采用相同操作。
对比实施例2
仅实施例4步骤2)中所述复合菌剂以沼气池沼液代替;其他采用相同操作。
。
Claims (2)
1.餐厨垃圾厌氧消化快速启动和高效运行的菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌DSM19732的培养:培养基为CM3培养基,除培养基中的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸外,先将其它成分溶解,除氧后进行高压灭菌,加入过滤除菌的Na2CO3、纤维二糖和半胱氨酸,用质量体积比为5%的Na2CO3调整 pH 至 7.2,充氮条件下接种,55˚C培养20天;
(2)嗜糖污水杆菌DSM 22681的培养:培养基为PY + X培养基,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养20天;
(3)解蛋白粪热杆菌DSM5265的培养:培养基为:0.4g H2HPO4,1.0g NH4Cl,2g 酵母膏,2g 胰酶解酪蛋白蛋白胨,1g MgCl2, 0.4g CaCl2, 0.001g 刃天青, 5.0g NaHCO3,0.3gNa2S∙9 H2O,1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/L MgSO4∙7H2O, 0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O, 1g /L NaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O;通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养15-20天;
(4)嗜热厌氧绳菌DSM14523:培养基为:0.14g KH2PO4 , 0.2 g MgCl2, 0.15g CaCl2,0.54g NH4Cl, 1ml 微量元素SL-11,1ml钨酸亚硒酸溶液,10 ml维生素, 0.001刃天青,2.3g 酵母膏,2.2g 葡萄糖,2.5g NaHCO3,0.25g Cysteine-HCl,0.25g Na2S,所述微量元素SL-11的配方为:5.2g/L Na2-EDTA,1.5g/L FeCl2,0.07g/L ZnCl2,0.1g/L MnCl2,0.006g/LH3BO3,0.19g/L CoCl2,0.002g/L CuCl2,0.024g NiCl2,0.036g Na2Mo4,所述钨酸亚硒酸溶液配方为:0.5g/L NaOH, 0.003g/L Na2SeO3, 0.004g/L Na2WO4,所述维生素溶液配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,于厌氧条件下55˚C培养20-30天;
(5)速生栖热分枝菌DSM8682的培养:培养基为YTG培养基,在55˚C下厌氧培养20-30天;
(6)岸栖高温杆菌DSM21630:培养基为:0.9g NH4Cl,0.9g NaCl,0.4g MgCl2,0.75gKH2PO4, 1.5g H2HPO4,9 mL 微量元素,3g FeSO4, 1g 刃天青,5g 维生素,1g Na2S, 3g 酵母膏, 10g 胰蛋白胨, 5g 葡萄糖,所述微量元素的配方为:1.5g/L 氨三乙酸三酸, 3g/LMgSO4∙7H2O,0.5g /L MnSO4∙H2O,1g /L NaCl,0.1g /L FeSO4∙7H2O,0.18 g/L CoSO4∙7H2O,0.1g/L CaCl2∙2H2O,0.18g/L ZnSO4∙7H2O,0.01g/L CuSO4∙5H2O,0.02g /L KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O,0.01g/L H3BO3,0.01g/L Na2MoO4∙2H2O,0.03g/L NiCl2∙6H2O,0.3g /L Na2SeO3∙5H2O,0.4g/L Na2Wo4∙2H2O,所述维生素的配方为:2mg/L 生物素,2mg/L 叶酸,10mg/L 盐酸吡哆醇,5mg/L 盐酸硫胺素,5mg/L 核黄素, 5mg/L 烟酸, 5mg/L D-泛酸钙,0.1mg/L 维生素B12,5mg/L p-氨基苯甲酸,5mg/L 硫辛酸,通氮气条件下接种,55˚C厌氧培养7-10天;
(7)互营单胞菌DSM4212:培养基为互营单胞菌SD2培养基,按照50%体积接种,25˚C培养8-15天;
(8)热自养甲烷热杆菌DSM1053、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌DSM25720、甲酸甲烷杆菌DSM3637的培养:使用产甲烷杆菌培养基,厌氧条件下55˚C培养8-15天;
(9)嗜热甲烷八叠球菌DSM1852的培养:采用八叠球菌培养基,厌氧条件下于55˚C培养10-20天;
按菌液体积份计,将亮黄梭状芽孢杆菌17-19份、嗜糖污水杆菌120-130份、解蛋白粪热杆菌85-93份、嗜热厌氧绳菌23-25份、速生栖热分枝菌16-18份、岸栖高温杆菌11-13份、互营单胞菌127-141份、热自养甲烷热杆菌470-520份、嗜热甲烷八叠球菌190-210份、卢米尼马赛产甲烷球菌166-182份、甲酸甲烷杆菌19-21份混合,即得所述菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,各菌种的菌浓为1-4×108个/ml。
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