CN104761527A - 一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定 - Google Patents

一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定 Download PDF

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CN104761527A
CN104761527A CN201510016945.7A CN201510016945A CN104761527A CN 104761527 A CN104761527 A CN 104761527A CN 201510016945 A CN201510016945 A CN 201510016945A CN 104761527 A CN104761527 A CN 104761527A
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王鸿宇
田福利
扈颖慧
王璐
盛万里
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Inner Mongolia University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定方法，属于中草药化学成分的提取分离和鉴定技术领域。采用有机溶剂提取法提取达乌里芯芭茎部的化学成分，取一定量干燥粉碎的达乌里芯芭茎部，用95％乙醇粗提取，石油醚、氯仿索氏提取，所得到的氯仿浸膏经硅胶柱层析法分离，得到黄色油状物I、黄色油状物II，再将此油状物用(7890A/5975C)气相色谱与质谱联用仪分析，黄色油状物I鉴定出17个化学成分，黄色油状物II鉴定出21个化学成分。本发明首次鉴定出该蒙药达乌里芯芭含有维生素E、苯并噻唑、柠檬烯、β-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、植酮等有效成分，为开发利用民族药奠定了基础。

Description

一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定
技术领域
本发明属于中草药化学成分的提取分离和鉴定技术领域，具体涉及一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定。
背景技术
达乌里芯芭(Cymbaria dahurica L.)为玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)芯芭属(Cymbaria)植物，蒙药名：韩琴色日高，别名：大黄花，白蒿茶，哈蘑乃一额布斯，为多年生草本植物，属于旱生植物，生于典型草原、荒漠草原及山地草原上，广泛地分布于内蒙古各盟市地区、东三省、河北等地；西伯利亚、蒙古也有。其根、茎、叶、花均可入药，能祛风湿、利尿，止血，主治风湿性关节炎、月经过多、吐血、衄血、便血、外伤出血、肾炎水肿、黄水疮等。达乌里芯芭分布广，资源丰富，且蕴含量大。
达乌里芯芭为中蒙医常用药物，毒副作用小。其化学成分比较复杂，其中主要的活性物质有黄酮类化合物、环烯醚萜类、碳水化合物、桂皮酸衍生物、咖啡酸等。关于达乌里芯芭化学成分的研究，仅有一篇文献报道，1981年S.Jozsef等从达乌里芯芭(Cymbaria dahuricaL.)中分离得到黄酮、环烯醚萜、糖类及肉桂酸等化合物。此后，此种植物的化学成分和生物活性未见报道。为了促进民族药相关科研基础工作及利用开发，本发明选取达乌里芯芭的茎部，采用有机溶剂提取法和硅胶柱层析法对达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分进行了提取，并利用(7890A/5975C)气相色谱与质谱联用仪对其进行了分离和鉴定，首次鉴定出该蒙药含有维生素E、苯并噻唑、柠檬烯、β-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、植酮等有效成分。
发明内容
一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定方法，本发明采用了以下技术方案，其特征是，包含以下步骤：
(1)采用有机溶剂提取法提取达乌里芯芭茎部的化学成分
取阴干的达乌里芯芭的茎部，粉碎，选用95％乙醇加热回流提取，提取3-4次，每次约3-4小时，合并所有提取液，浓缩干燥，得到墨绿色浸膏。浸膏与硅藻土1∶1拌样，挥干溶剂，依次用石油醚、氯仿索氏提取，提取3次，每次3小时。减压浓缩氯仿提取液，得到氯仿浸膏。
(2)采用硅胶柱层析法分离达乌里芯芭茎部的化学成分
将步骤(1)得到的氯仿浸膏，用尽量少的95％乙醇将其充分溶解，用100-200目硅胶拌样，采用100-200目硅胶柱层析分离样品，用石油醚-乙酸乙酯体系极性由小到大梯度洗脱，洗脱组分通过薄层层析展开，在紫外检测仪下观察，再通过碘缸显色观察，合并相似组分。当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝300∶1时，得到黄色油状物I；当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝100∶1时，得到黄色油状物II。
(3)利用型号为7890A/5975C的气相色谱与质谱联用仪对步骤(2)中的黄色油状物进行分离和鉴定，采集到质谱图用NIST标准质谱序进行检索分析，黄色油状物I鉴定出17个化学成分，黄色油状物II鉴定出21个化学成分。
所述步骤(3)中气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析采用的色谱条件为，色谱柱：HP-50MS30m*25um*0.25um，控温：40℃保持1min，以15℃/min的速度升至290℃，保持10min，进样口温度：290℃，样品进样方式：Agilent自动进样器，不分流、进样1μL，载气：He，质谱条件：离子化方式：EI，电子，加速电压：70V，离子源温度：230℃，扫描方式：全扫描50amu～550amu，进样口温度：260℃，辅助通道温度：280℃。
所述步骤(3)中首次鉴定出该蒙药含有维生素E、苯并噻唑、柠檬烯、β-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、植酮等有效成分，且这几种成分的相似度均在90％以上。
通过本发明的方法进行测定，黄色油状物I、II的总离子流图分别如图1、图2所示。所确认的达乌里芯芭茎部黄色油状物化学成分及其峰面积相对百分含量、相似度见表1、表2。
表1 达乌里芯芭茎部黄色油状物I化学成分的分析结果
表2 达乌里芯芭茎部黄色油状物II化学成分的分析结果
附图说明
图1为黄色油状物I的总离子流图；
图2为黄色油状物II的总离子流图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员可以根据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1：
一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取及分离，按以下步骤进行：
1.取阴干的达乌里芯芭的茎部700g，粉碎，用5倍量95％乙醇加热回流提取，提取3-4次，每次约3-4小时，将提取液合并，减压浓缩后得到墨绿色浸膏。将此浸膏分散于尽量少的95％乙醇溶液中，再与硅藻土1∶1拌样，挥干溶剂，依次用石油醚、氯仿索式提取，分别提取3次，每次3小时。减压浓缩氯仿提取液，得氯仿浸膏，干燥即得。
2.将上述得到的氯仿浸膏，用尽量少的95％乙醇将其充分溶解，用20g硅胶(100-200目)拌样，挥干溶剂，研磨成粉末状。取800g硅胶(100-200目)和2600mL石油醚湿法装柱，干法上样，以石油醚-乙酸乙酯体系极性由小到大梯度洗脱，每个接收组分体积约为125mL，并用硅胶GF254板以石油醚-乙酸乙酯为展开体系跟踪监测每一流份(每500mL为一份)，并在紫外检测仪下观察，再通过碘缸显色观察，合并相似组分。当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝300∶1时，合并41-50流份，浓缩后得到黄色油状物I；当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝100∶1时，合并61-77流份，浓缩后得到黄色油状物II。
实施例2：
一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的鉴定方法，是将实施例1提取分离方法所得黄色油状物I和黄色油状物II用正己烷溶解，利用型号为7890A/5975C的气相色谱与质谱联用仪对I、II进行分离鉴定。色谱条件如下，色谱柱：HP-50MS 30m*25um*0.25um，控温：40℃保持1min，以15℃/min的速度升至290℃，保持10min，进样口温度：290℃，样品进样方式：Agilent自动进样器，不分流、进样1μL，载气：He；质谱条件：离子化方式：EI，电子，加速电压：70V，离子源温度：230℃，扫描方式：全扫描50amu～550amu，进样口温度：260℃，辅助通道温度：280℃。采集到质谱图用NIST标准质谱序进行检索分析，黄色油状物I鉴定出17个化学成分，详见表1，黄色油状物II鉴定出21个化学成分，详见表2，并且首次鉴定出该蒙药含有维生素E、苯并噻唑、柠檬烯、β-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、植酮等有效成分。

Claims (6)

1.一种达乌里芯芭茎部化学成分的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)选用达乌里芯芭茎部为原料，用乙醇加热回流提取，浓缩干燥提取液，得到墨绿色浸膏，再依次用石油醚、氯仿提取，减压浓缩氯仿提取液，得到氯仿浸膏；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的氯仿浸膏，采用硅胶柱层析法分离样品，用石油醚-乙酸乙酯体系极性由小到大梯度洗脱，洗脱组分通过薄层层析展开，在紫外检测仪下观察，再通过碘缸显色观察，合并相似组分，得到黄色油状物；
(3)利用型号为7890A/5975C的气相色谱与质谱联用仪对步骤(2)中的黄色油状物进行分离和鉴定，采集到质谱图用NIST标准质谱序进行检索分析，黄色油状物I鉴定出17个化学成分，黄色油状物II鉴定出21个化学成分。
2.如权利要求1所述的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于：用95％乙醇加热回流提取，提取3-4次，每次约3-4小时。
3.如权利要求1所述的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于：浸膏与硅藻土1∶1拌样，挥干溶剂，依次用石油醚、氯仿索氏提取，提取3次，每次3小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于：当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝300∶1时，得到黄色油状物I，当石油醚∶乙酸乙酯＝100∶1时，得到黄色油状物II。
5.如权利要求1所述的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于：气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析采用的色谱条件如下，色谱柱：HP-50MS 30m*25um*0.25um，控温：40℃保持1min，以15℃/min的速度升至290℃，保持10min，进样口温度：290℃，样品进样方式：Agilent自动进样器，不分流、进样1μL，载气：He，质谱条件：离子化方式：EI，电子，加速电压：70V，离子源温度：230℃，扫描方式：全扫描50amu～550amu，进样口温度：260℃，辅助通道温度：280℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的提取分离和鉴定方法，其特征在于：首次鉴定出该蒙药含有维生素E、苯并噻唑、柠檬烯、β-紫罗兰酮、金合欢醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、植酮等有效成分。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109900850A (zh) * 2019-04-17 2019-06-18 济南维瑞医药科技开发有限公司 一种蒙药芯芭中芯芭苷的特性鉴别方法

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