CN104761485A - 一种新型的储氢材料及氢的解析方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/94—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds; Solutions thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
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Abstract
本发明属于材料能源领域，涉及到一种新型的有机储氢材料的结构以及氢的解析方法。该有机储氢材料中含有非常温和的氢负离子，在常温下加入酸，氢负离子与酸中的质子结合，然后释放氢气。通过质谱的方法对溶液进行检测，质谱图的变化反应了该释放过程。释放的气体点燃后可以使无水硫酸铜变蓝，证明为氢气。该有机材料相对便宜、易得、稳定，氢气释放条件温和、安全，在常温下、正常大气压下即可完成。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料能源领域，涉及到一种新型的有机储氢材料的结构以及氢的解析方法。该有机储氢材料中含有非常温和的氢负离子，在常温下加入酸即可以释放氢气。
背景技术
随着石化燃料消耗的逐渐增大以及储量的减少，人们生活的环境变得越来越恶劣，因此，环境友好且能再生的能源受到了越来越多的重视。氢由于燃烧后只有水，成为了最具潜力的能源。发展氢能，首先需要解决氢的存储问题。目前，固体吸附储氢是主要的储氢方法，例如碳纳米管储氢(Dillon A.C.,et al.,nature,1997,377.),但是该方法需要大的压力，并且脱氢也十分困难。另外一种是矿物储氢(Weitkamp J.,et al.,J.Hydrogen Energy,1995,967.)，一般这种矿物多集中在石墨以及沸石等矿物上，与碳纳米管相比，这种储氢方法通量相对较低，脱氢的温度比较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的有机储氢材料以及氢的解析方法。
(1)本发明提供的有机储氢材料的结构如下：
1.1对于材料a，与碳1直接连接的R1为苯环、吡咯、噻吩、吲哚或他们的衍生物，R2为芳基或烷基，R3为芳基或烷基。
1.2对于材料b，与碳1直接连接的R1为苯环、吡咯、噻吩、吲哚或他们的衍生物，R2为芳基或烷基，R3为芳基或烷基。
(2)氢的解析方法：在常温下，将此材料溶于有机溶剂，加入酸即可产生氢气。
2.1溶剂为有机溶剂，包括：①芳香烃类：苯、甲苯、二甲苯等；②脂肪烃类：戊烷、己烷、辛烷等；③脂环烃类：环己烷、环己酮、甲苯环己酮等；④卤化烃类：氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷等；⑤醇类：甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇等；⑥醚类：乙醚、环氧丙烷等；⑦酯类：醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯等；⑧酮类：丙酮、甲基丁酮、甲基异丁酮等；⑨二醇衍生物:乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚等；⑩其他：乙腈、吡啶、苯酚。
2.2用于释放氢气的酸为有机酸或无机酸，包括：甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、草酸、磺酸、氢卤酸、卤系含氧酸、硫酸等硫系无机酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸、焦磷酸、碳酸等。
本发明具有以下优点：
1.材料相对便宜、易得、稳定。
2.氢气释放条件温和、安全。
附图说明
图1是实例1加入酸前(a)后(b)质谱图；
图2是实例2加入酸前(a)后(b)质谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例详细地说明本发明。实施方案为便于更好的理解本发明，但并非对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
(1).有机储氢材料的合成
有机储氢材料如Xu等在Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,1059–1062.中描述的那样。具体结构如下的分子量为530的物质。
(2).氢气的解析
将材料溶入二氯甲烷中，加入等摩尔三氟乙酸后，材料中的氢负离子与酸中的质子结合产生氢气。用质谱检测该溶液，在加入酸之前，检测到的是常规的[M+H]+，[M+Na]+与[M+K]+离子，加入酸以后，只有[M-H]-离子，说明该材料中的氢负离子已经与质子结合(图1)。
实施例2：
(1).有机储氢材料的合成
有机储氢材料如Xu等在Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,1059–1062.中描述的那样。具体结构如下的分子量为528的物质。
(2).氢气的解析
将材料溶入二氯甲烷中，加入等摩尔乙酸后，材料中的氢负离子与酸中的质子结合产生氢气。用质谱检测该溶液，在加入酸之前，检测到的是常规的[M+H]+，[M+Na]+与[M+K]+加入酸以后，只有[M-H]-离子，说明该材料中的氢负离子已经与质子结合(图2)。释放的气体点燃后可以使无水硫酸铜变蓝，证明释放的气体为氢气。
Claims (2)
1.一种新型的有机储氢材料及氢的解析方法，其结构特征如下：
对于材料a，其特征在于与碳1直接连接的R1为苯环、吡咯、噻吩、吲哚或他们的衍生物，R2为芳基或烷基，R3为芳基或烷基；
对于材料b，其特征在于与碳1直接连接的R1为苯环、吡咯、噻吩、吲哚或他们的衍生物，R2为芳基或烷基，R3为芳基或烷基。
2.一种新型的有机储氢材料，氢的解析方法如下：在常温下，将此材料溶于有机溶剂，加入酸即可产生氢气。其特征在于有机溶剂的选择，包括：①芳香烃类：苯、甲苯、二甲苯等；②脂肪烃类：戊烷、己烷、辛烷等；③脂环烃类：环己烷、环己酮、甲苯环己酮等；④卤化烃类：氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷等；⑤醇类：甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇等；⑥醚类：乙醚、环氧丙烷等；⑦酯类：醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯等；⑧酮类：丙酮、甲基丁酮、甲基异丁酮等；⑨二醇衍生物:乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚等；⑩其他：乙腈、吡啶、苯酚。其特征在于酸的选择，包括：甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、草酸、磺酸、氢卤酸、卤系含氧酸、硫酸等硫系无机酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸、焦磷酸、碳酸等。
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