Background technology
Electroplating industry is the important industrial trade of China, in national economy, account for critical role.According to the statistic data of Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, end 2012, China's electroplating enterprise quantity reaches 4131.Electroplating sludge is the shale product produced after electroplating wastewater processing, and the production of numerous electroplating enterprise produces the electroplating sludge of substantial amounts.Containing a large amount of heavy metals in electroplating sludge, be the typical hazard refuse pointed out in " National Hazard refuse register ", if heavy metal entered environment wherein, cause very large harm by environment.At present, stabilization curing technology is the important method of process electroplating sludge, its objective is and makes the heavy metal in electroplating sludge present unreactiveness, and inclusive, to reduce the danger of electroplating sludge, and convenient transport and landfill.
Stabilization solidification place of China to electroplating sludge is equipped with strict management system, and the technological development disposed the solidification of its stabilization is also more and more deep.Conventional heavy metal stabilization method has neutralisation, oxidation reduction process and chemical precipitation method etc., and wherein chemical precipitation method comprises sulfide precipitation, precipitation of hydroxide, silicate precipitates, carbonate deposition.Conventional curing can be divided into: cement solidification method, lime solidification method, thermoplastic material cures (pitch, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, paraffin wax) method, thermosetting material solidification (resol) method, vitrification method, from cementation solidifying, large-scale envelope.
For above-mentioned several curing, cement wherein and lime solidification method raw material sources are wide, low price, simple to operate, perviousness is low, and it is strong, low to solid waste structural requirement to bear varying force, and processing cost is low; Bituminization method has that leaching rate reduces greatly, increase-volume is smaller, but invests high, higher to material water ratio, operational requirement; Vitrification method solidification effect is stablized, and is commonly used in the solidification aspect to nuclear energy waste material; Have from cementation solidifying method that cured body is stable, structural strength is high, but application surface is narrower.
For the stabilization curing of electroplating sludge, Chinese patent literature CN 1193834C (application number 03126608.8) discloses the method for the comprehensive utilization of a kind of industrial residue, solidification treatment electroplating sludge, alkaline industrial residue, electroplating sludge, water uniform stirring are become pH value be 7.5 ~ 9 mixing sludge; Mixing sludge, solidifying agent, stablizer and water are stirred; By stir after mixture molding and be solidified into building block; Rapid curing is carried out to building block, air-dry.Easily corroded by water body after the cured body landfill using the method to obtain, solidification effect is subject to environmental influence residing for shelf-time and cured body comparatively large, has the risk of Pollution exposure in environment.
Chinese patent literature CN 102514079 A(application number 201110388218.5) disclose one and realize electroplating sludge stabilization, immobilized treatment process, first by electroplating sludge dewatered drying, to grind and to cross 60 mesh sieves for subsequent use; In 25 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C temperature ranges, by electroplating sludge, solidifying agent, stablizer and water strong stirring in stirrer; Said mixture is carried out to molding, is solidified into building block; Block curing is air-dry.Described fixing agent is silicates fixing agent, and described stablizer is biological carbonaceous stablizer.This method requires higher to the pre-treatment of electroplating sludge, and need dehydration, oven dry, pulverization process, and biological carbonaceous preparation cost is high, the method market applicability is low.
Epoxy resin is a kind of and important thermosetting material, acid-fast alkali-proof after solidifying with its special curing agent, and has comparatively hard intensity, is used in the process of industrial enterprise's mill floor more.At present, someone adopts epoxy resin and petroleum pitch to make high strength, extraordinary ground surface material that environmental compatibility is good.
summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind ofly to be widely used, the stabilization curing of cost is lower, stabilization solidification effect is good electroplating sludge.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is a kind of stabilization curing of electroplating sludge, comprises the following steps:
1. mixed with flying dust by pending electroplating sludge, the mass ratio of electroplating sludge and flying dust is 4 ~ 7: 1.
2. add calcium hydroxide powder in the material after 1. stirring to step, stir; The pH that calcium hydroxide powder adds rear mud leach liquor is 7 ~ 10.
3. add cement and water in the material after 2. stirring to step, stir, obtain paste mixture; Paste mixture is poured in mould; The building block of solidification postforming is positioned over maintenance in cement protecting box, and maintenance terminates take out and air-dryly namely obtain solidified cement body.
4., after being stirred by solidifying agent corresponding with it for epoxy resin, be coated in each surface of the solidified cement body of the surface drying that 3. step obtains, resin coating layer completion of cure after 48 ~ 72 hours, obtains final electroplating sludge cured body.
Above-mentioned steps 1. in the fume duct fly ash of the flying dust that the uses fume duct fly ash that is domestic waste incineration or coal-fired boiler in thermal power plant.
Above-mentioned steps 3. in the mass ratio of cement and electroplating sludge be 2
~4: 1.
Further, step 3. in water add-on be 1: 2 ~ 5 with the ratio of cement add-on.
Above-mentioned steps epoxy resin 4. used is bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and solidifying agent used is the aromatic amine curing agent corresponding with epoxy resin; The consumption volume ratio of epoxy resin and solidifying agent is 5 ~ 7:1.
As optionally, the thickness of step 4. epoxy resin coat is 2 ~ 3mm.
The present invention has positive effect:
(1) the present invention is when carrying out stabilization treatment to electroplating sludge, is first mixed with flying dust by electroplating sludge, and the heavy metal in electroplating sludge is adsorbed by flying dust; Then adopt the further stabilizing heavy metal of lime, and regulate the pH value of electroplating sludge, ensure that most of metal is stabilized with the form of oxyhydroxide, and the amphoteric metals such as chromium are anti-not molten.
(2) the present invention is when being cured the electroplating sludge after stabilization treatment, cement is first adopted to guarantee the strength and stability of cured body, then with the surface of epoxy resin coating solidified cement body, epoxy resin coating layer stops moisture attack cured body, make the objectionable impurities stable curings such as heavy metal in mud granule, can guarantee to dispose highly toxic substance in rear electroplating sludge completely by airtight and reach effect steady in a long-term.
(3) the cured body intensity that obtains of stabilization curing of the present invention is high, has hydrophobicity, and steady in a long-term, reaches direct landfill stabilization requirement.
(4) stabilization curing of the present invention is applicable to the stabilization solidification of great majority containing the electroplating sludge of heavy metal, and its source to electroplating sludge, heavy metal content, size are originated less demanding, applied widely.
(5) the stabilization solidify material of the inventive method use is as flying dust, lime, cement, epoxy resin etc., and source is wide, and price is low, wherein uses flying dust to obtain the effect of the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another.In addition, the inventive method operation is very easy.To sum up, the solidification effect of electroplating sludge stabilization curing of the present invention is good, and applied widely, simple to operation, cost is lower, is the better method of electroplating sludge landfill pre-treatment.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The present embodiment process be particulate state Zinc-containing electroplating mud, water ratio is about 40%, and mud particle diameter is less than 10cm.Requirement according to GB 5085.3-2007 " Hazardous wastes judging standard-leaching characteristic identification " obtains leach liquor, and recording in mud leach liquor only Zn content and exceed standard of landfill restriction, is 313mg/L.
the pH value recording mud leach liquor according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007) is 7.4.
The stabilization curing of the electroplating sludge of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. 100kg Zinc-containing electroplating mud is loaded in agitator, in agitator, drop into flying dust 20kg, stir, make mixing of materials even.Described flying dust is the fume duct fly ash of domestic waste incineration or the fume duct fly ash of coal-fired boiler in thermal power plant, the fume duct fly ash that the flying dust used in the present embodiment is coal-fired boiler in thermal power plant.
2. calcium hydroxide powder 8 is added in the material after 1. stirring to step
~be 10kg in 12kg(the present embodiment), stir, record the pH=9.2 of mud leach liquor according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007), further process treated by the material after stirring evenly.
In this step, add that calcium hydroxide powder is last need ensure that the pH of mud leach liquor is 7 ~ 10, if the pH value that first time adds rear mud leach liquor is less than 7, then continue in mud, add calcium hydroxide powder.
3. add 300kg cement and 80kg water in the material after 2. stirring to step, stir, obtain paste mixture.Paste mixture being poured into the length of side is in the cube mold of 0.2 meter ~ 1 meter, and under forming pressure 3 ~ 10Mpa, compacting makes tight in paste mixture; Being positioned in cement protecting box by the building block of solidification postforming, is 17 DEG C in temperature
~maintenance 18 under the condition of 23 DEG C (in the present embodiment being 22 DEG C), humidity >95%
~36h, maintenance terminates take out from cement protecting box and air-dryly obtain solidified cement body.
The mass ratio of cement and Zinc-containing electroplating mud is 2
~4: 1, be 3: 1 in this enforcement.
4. after solidifying agent special with it for bisphenol A-type (trade mark E-44) epoxy resin being stirred, evenly be coated in each surface of the solidified cement body of the surface drying that 3. step obtains, 48 ~ 72 hours (being 48 hours in the present embodiment) resin coating layer completion of cures afterwards, complete the stabilization solidification treatment of electroplating sludge, obtaining can the stabilization cured body of direct landfill.
Described solidifying agent is the aromatic amine curing agent corresponding with epoxy resin, and the volume ratio of epoxy resin and solidifying agent is 5
~ 7: be 6:1 in 1(the present embodiment).Epoxy resin and the mixing of solidifying agent Quick uniform thereof, be coated on six faces of solidified cement body after mixing fast, the thickness of coat is 2 ~ 3mm.In resin curing process, ensure that six faces of solidified cement body all fully contact with air.
Get one piece of step stabilization cured body 4. at random as detection sample, recording its intensity is 6MPa.
Pulverizing above-mentioned sample according to GB 5086.1-1997 " solid waste-Leaching leaching method inversion method " and obtain leach liquor, recording Zn content is 5mg/L, meets GB 18598-2001 " hazard waste landfill Environmental capacity standard " requirement.The present embodiment is good to the stabilization solidification effect of electroplating sludge, can direct landfill.
(embodiment 2)
The present embodiment process be pureed copper-contained electroplating sludge, water ratio is 67%.Requirement according to GB 5085.3-2007 " Hazardous wastes judging standard-leaching characteristic identification " obtains leach liquor, and recording in mud leach liquor only copper content and exceed standard of landfill restriction, is 247mg/L.The pH value recording mud leach liquor according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007) is 8.8.
All the other are identical with embodiment 1 for the stabilization curing of the electroplating sludge of the present embodiment 1, and difference is:
Step 1. in the mass ratio of electroplating sludge and flying dust be 6: 1.
2. step adds calcium hydroxide powder 6kg.The pH=9.3 of mud leach liquor is recorded according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007).
The intensity of the stabilization cured body that the present embodiment obtains is 13MPa.
According to GB 5086.1-1997 " solid waste-Leaching leaching method inversion method " above-mentioned sample pulverized and obtain leach liquor, recording copper content is 43mg/L, meet GB 18598-2001 " hazard waste landfill Environmental capacity standard " requirement, can direct landfill.
(embodiment 3)
The present embodiment process be crystalloid nickel-containing sludge, water ratio is 61%, and mud particle diameter is 5mm ~ 10mm.Requirement according to GB 5085.3-2007 " Hazardous wastes judging standard-leaching characteristic identification " obtains leach liquor, and recording in mud leach liquor only nickel content and exceed standard of landfill restriction, is 37mg/L.The pH value recording mud leach liquor according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007) is 8.1.
All the other are identical with embodiment 1 for the stabilization curing of the electroplating sludge of the present embodiment 1, and difference is:
Step 1. in the mass ratio of electroplating sludge and flying dust be 4.5: 1.
2. step adds calcium hydroxide powder 9kg.The pH=9.6 of mud leach liquor is recorded according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard-corrodibility is differentiated " (GB 5085.1-2007).
The intensity of the stabilization cured body that the present embodiment obtains is 9MPa.
According to GB 5086.1-1997 " solid waste-Leaching leaching method inversion method " above-mentioned sample pulverized and obtain leach liquor, recording nickel content is 4mg/L, meet GB 18598-2001 " hazard waste landfill Environmental capacity standard " requirement, can direct landfill.
The inventive method is applicable to the stabilization solidification of great majority containing the electroplating sludge of heavy metal, and its source to electroplating sludge, heavy metal content, size are originated less demanding.
Each embodiment and application examples are the explanations to the specific embodiment of the present invention above; but not limitation of the present invention; person skilled in the relevant technique without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various conversion and change and obtain corresponding equivalent technical scheme, therefore all equivalent technical schemes all should be included into scope of patent protection of the present invention.