CN1047557C

CN1047557C - Elastic wheel

Info

Publication number: CN1047557C
Application number: CN94106857A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘祖川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-06-18
Filing date: 1994-06-18
Publication date: 1999-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2014-06-18
Also published as: CN1113859A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an elastic wheel for an automobile or other automotive vehicles, and an elastic spoke of the elastic wheel is in the shape of a dish by compressing and locking and is provided with a structure of a particular shape capable of supporting a plurality of loads of compression, torsion and transverse force, etc. The elastic wheel can buffer the loads due to a vehicle starting process, a vehicle braking process and other kinds of outer shock, and the stress size of each part is reduced. Therefore, the elastic wheel lightens self weight and enhances various kinds of performance, such as power performance, fuel economization, running safety, etc. Stimultaneously, the elastic wheel also saves materials, lowers fuel consumption and omits a suspended frame and a contracting preventing device, and therefore, the elastic wheel greatly lowers manufacture cost and use expense.

Description

Elastic wheel

The present invention is used for the wheel assembly of automobile or other self-propelled vehicle.

The wheel of existing automobile and other self-propelled vehicle is made up of parts such as tire, wheel rim, spoke and wheel hubs.Because wheel rim, spoke and wheel hub are stiffeners, therefore, for the rigidity spoke, this wheel can be shown rigid wheel.In running car, impact for relaxing, except adopting elastomeric qi of chong channel ascending adversely tire, also adopted as steel spring (belonging to dependent suspension) or coil spring elastic elements such as (majority belong to independent suspension), in addition, also be provided with shock absorber, the amplitude that transfers to after being impacted in the elastic oscillation is decayed rapidly.The suspension of forming existing automobile by the guiding mechanism of above-mentioned elastic element, shock absorber and assurance elastic element oscillation trajectory.No matter be dependent suspension or independent suspension, its oscillation trajectory all is a vertical direction, thereby existing automotive suspension mainly is the impact of bearing from the ground vertical direction, and can not obtain relaxing to the impact load on automobile start, braking and other direction.Because these impact effects that can not obtain relaxing, make the stress that has the automobile generation now far above the stress in the cruising, the heavily stressed that parts bear need strengthen its size and volume, the increasing of parts volume causes increasing car mass, promptly increase automotive dead weight, and the increase of automotive dead weight need strengthen power, consume more fuel oil, therefore, has improved manufacturing cost and operating costs greatly.The weighting ring of great amount of fuel oil waste gas meeting simultaneously environment pollution, various impact loads can reduce insensitivity, operational stability and driving safety.The existence of these impact effects is the principal elements that cause above-mentioned serial major issue.

The objective of the invention is to design a kind of elastic wheel (wheel) and replace rigid wheel in existing automobile or other self-propelled vehicle with elasticity spoke, relax automobile start, braking and other extraneous various impact loads, reduce each parts stress, alleviate automotive dead weight, save fuel oil, increase dynamic property, improve driving safety, improve environmental pollution, save the suspension system of existing automobile and the anti-embracing unit in the brake system simultaneously, thereby greatly reduce manufacturing cost and operating costs.

Elastic wheel is made up of parts such as elasticity band tyre, wheel rim, elasticity spoke and wheel hubs.The elasticity spoke is made up of conical helical spring and two lock sleeves, two big end make-ups of conical helical spring that hand of spiral is opposite, and connect into dish shape elasticity spoke with two lock sleeves.Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c and Fig. 1 d illustrate cylindrically coiled spring and conical helical spring upper end respectively and are subjected to transverse force P effect under, and have, under the no positive pressure N compression situation, after it was out of shape, axis deviation former axle center in upper end was apart from being respectively L ₁, L ₂, L ₃And L ₄Cylindrically coiled spring L ₁Maximum, conical helical spring L ₄Minimum is so the conical helical spring stability after the compression is best, can bear bigger transverse load.Fig. 2 illustrates the compression of the big end make-up of conical helical spring and is dish shape (among the figure shown in the solid line), promptly constitute dish shape elasticity spoke, dotted line is that elasticity spoke distortion back is produced under the automobile gravity loading P effect by representing, and O is former dish shape elasticity spoke axle center (wheel rim axle center), O ₁For being out of shape dish shape elasticity spoke axle center (wheel hub axle center), back, two big end in contact faces are dish shape elasticity spoke symmetrical plane.Because load p is positioned on the circular section perpendicular to dish shape elasticity spoke axle center, according to center of circle symmetry, to point to the axle center load p and can be arranged on any direction in circular section, the load that acts on the spoke is of equal value.Among Fig. 3, the Q circle is wheel hub axle center O ₁The track of under automobile gravity loading P effect, being gone around wheel rim axle center O in the wheel rolling, OO ₁Be Q circle orbital radius.Elastic wheel is relevant with this car working direction on being assembled to automobile the time, looks to headstock from the automobile rear end, and the left side of the dish shape elasticity spoke plane of symmetry is left-handed conical helical spring, and the right is the dextrorotation conical helical spring.Because the automobile elastic element moves in the spoke of elastic wheel, thereby can save suspension system.This Chefei's spring carried mass only is element sums such as elasticity band tyre, wheel rim and part elasticity spoke, specific rigidity wheel automobile nonspring carried mass (by independent suspension relatively) reduces more than one times, the then corresponding increase drg of spring carried mass (removing suspension system), wheel hub, semiaxis or parts such as outer semiaxis, steering swivel or CV joint, thereby the ratio in spring carried mass and the nonspring carried mass odds ratio rigid wheel is twice above.Saving of suspension system makes vehicle body and vehicle frame and transmission system and vehicle bridge constitute a rigid unitary, and its barycenter also decreases.

Can be divided into the polytype spring that bears multi-form load by spring structure shape difference, dish shape elasticity spoke has its special shape structure, can be used to bear compression, reverse and perpendicular to the multiple functions such as transverse load in its axle center.The suffered rightabout situation of reversing of elasticity spoke between wheel hub and wheel rim when Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b illustrate automobile start and automobile brake respectively.During automobile start, wheel hub is the rotation of wheel rolling direction when automobile advances, wheel rim does not rotate at once, both produce relative rotation, and dish shape elasticity spoke accumulation of energy expansion (diameter of conical helical spring increases) produces kinetic moment M, and drive the rotation of wheel rim gentle acceleration, dish shape elasticity spoke releases energy under the elastic restoring force effect then, after treating its reinstatement, wheel rim stops to quicken, and automobile start finishes.Finish to discharging from the accumulation of energy of dish shape elasticity spoke, the whole pick-up time of elastic wheel is length more than the rigid wheel pick-up time, thereby (Fig. 4 a) for the torsional impact load when elastic wheel can relax automobile start.In like manner, during automobile brake, the moment of inertia when elastic wheel can relax automobile brake (Fig. 4 b).Just wheel hub stops operating because of braking, and wheel rim is rotated further under the moment of inertia effect, and dish shape elasticity spoke tightens (the conical helical spring diameter reduces), produces resisting moment M, and wheel rim is slowed down gradually.Simultaneously, the wheel hub axle center that is connected one with automobile chassis frame displacement O forward under the effect of force of inertia ₁O ₂, thereby elastic wheel has relaxed braking preshoot inertia.Elastic wheel is subjected to ground slope bank and impacts in Fig. 5, and N is the shock point counter-force, and F is a friction force, and R is the shock point power that is all-trans, and the power that is all-trans R and arm of force OD generation resisting moment M lower the elastic wheel rotating speed gradually, simultaneously, and wheel hub axle center O ₁Counter-force N active line moves to O in inertia effect lower edge ₂Thereby, consume the slope, ground and cut impact load.OO ₂Be OO ₁With O ₁O ₂Displacement vector and, its length compares OO ₁Distance, its direction is arbitrarily.Therefore, elastic wheel can relax the building that bumps that is positioned at any direction of automobile longitudinal symmetrical plane fully and impacts.If automobile is subjected to the front towards the building, it will slow down and even halt at once, and wheel rim is rotated further under the force of inertia effect, and the wheel rim axle center is stopping operating above wheel hub axle center one segment distance rear wheel, thereby automobile preshoot inertia has obtained mitigation.And wheel shaft and wheel hub still are rotated further under the effect of moment of inertia, and wheel rim and wheel hub produce relative rotation, and dish shape elasticity spoke accumulation of energy expansion releases energy subsequently, produces resisting moment, wheel hub is slowed down gradually, thereby automobile preshoot moment of inertia has obtained mitigation.If automobile is subjected to the back towards the building, the said process situation in contrast, alleviation effects is identical.Dish shape elasticity spoke axial stiffness in the elastic wheel behind the compression pretension is bigger, but still can relax the building that dashes from the automobile both sides to a certain extent.Because elastic wheel can relax the automobile brake impact load, thereby can prevent safety hazard such as braking deviation, sideslip, so this car can save the anti-embracing unit in the brake system.

Automobile with elastic wheel, under steam, can produce three direction vibrations and three angular oscillations: longitudinal vibration, lateral vibration, vertical shake and lateral angle vibration, pitching, the deflection vibration, the wheel torsion oscillations that causes as moment of inertia produces longitudinal vibration, the pitching that wheel rim axle center that force of inertia causes and the displacement difference between the wheel hub axle center produce, lateral angle vibration that produces by the vertical diff-H in two wheel rim axle center about this car and the deflection vibration that produces by two wheel rim axle center longitudinal length differences about this car etc., its rigid unitary part (spring carried mass) is as being suspended in the elastic wheel, so this car can be called floated automobile.Have non-linear variable load rigidity self damping characteristic owing to form the conical helical spring of elasticity spoke, can not produce resonance effect, its amplitude fading is very fast, and therefore, the elastic wheel vibration amplitude is less.Because the ratio in this car spring carried mass and the nonspring carried mass odds ratio rigid wheel is twice abovely, therefore, the automobile vibration frequency with elastic wheel is lower again.

Consider that elastic wheel loads and unloads up and down and the air-inflation tyre working service on inconvenience, the elastic wheel tire can adopt the elasticity band tyre, this tire is made up of two parts: cover tire (19) and interior substantial heart elastomeric material (20)

Floated automobile with elastic wheel can relax automobile start, braking and other extraneous various impact loads, self resistivity is greatly improved, therefore, corresponding the reducing of the required stress size of each parts such as its vehicle body, vehicle frame, transmission system, vehicle bridge, thus cause this car deadweight greatly to reduce.Reducing of this car quality can be improved its dynamic property and fuel efficiency, saves fuel oil simultaneously, improves environmental pollution.This car can prevent safety hazard such as braking deviation, sideslip, thereby has improved insensitivity.This car vibration amplitude and oscillation frequency are all less, thereby have improved riding comfort.The reduction of this car rigid unitary part barycenter can improve operational stability.The raising of insensitivity, operational stability and self resistivity can further improve driving safety.Because each parts volume reduces corresponding a large amount of saving of raw MAT'L and suspension system and anti-embracing unit of having saved, and makes this car manufacturing cost greatly reduce.And the employing of elasticity band tyre more makes floated car opertion easy maintenance feasible.

The present invention has following accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1, desaxe scheme drawing in upper end when cylindrically coiled spring and conical helical spring are stressed.

Fig. 2, dish shape elasticity spoke bearing load distortion scheme drawing.

Fig. 3, elastic wheel wheel hub axle center relative wheel rim axes movement locus scheme drawing.

Fig. 4, automobile start, the suffered scheme drawing that reverses of glancing impact elasticity spoke.

Fig. 5, elastic wheel bear slope, ground bank impact scheme drawing.

Fig. 6, forerunner turn to elastic wheel assembling scheme drawing.Wherein: 1-inner shaft, 2-axle housing, 3-CV joint, 4-stub, 5-wheel hub, 6-outer semiaxis, 7-outside cover dish, 8-bolt, 9-dextrorotation conical helical spring, 10-little lock tube, 11-big lock tube, 12-wheel rim, 13-left-handed conical helical spring, 14-inboard cover dish.

Fig. 7, the elastic wheel partial enlarged drawing.Wherein: 15-positioning key, 16-platform shape pin, 17-spring washer.

Fig. 8, rear-guard elasticity dual wheel scheme drawing.Wherein: 18-connection wheel rim.

Fig. 9, elasticity band tyre scheme drawing.Wherein: 19-cover tire, 20-elastomeric material.

Embodiment:

Big lock sleeve is affixed or fuse with big lock tube (11) by inboard cover dish (14), little lock sleeve is affixed or fuse by outside cover dish (7) and little lock tube (10), large and small lock sleeve is compressed into the dish shape by bolt (8) with left and right rounding awl coil spring (13,9).For avoiding circumferentially sliding between conical helical spring and the lock sleeve, large and small lock sleeve root respectively has a shape conical surface, and (Fig. 7 a), when left and right rounding awl coil spring is compressed, it is enclosed within the small end spring wire distending on the conical surface, to increase the circumferential friction force between them, left and right rounding awl coil spring small end spring wire is tight and polish, and makes that contact evenly between them.Inboard cover dish (14) internal diameter should be a bit larger tham wheel hub (5) outside disc diameter.

Wheel rim (12) inwall is the inner groove of two conical helical spring filament diameters with dish shape elasticity spoke contact position one width being arranged, left and right rounding awl coil spring (13,9) maximum end spring wire embeds wherein, to guarantee the axial location between elasticity spoke and the wheel rim (12).For avoiding dwindling the conical helical spring outside diameter and cause dish shape elasticity spoke to slide along inner groove because of being subjected to reversing, the inner groove bottom surface is located left and right limit at a distance of 180 ° and is had a keyway (Fig. 7 b), embed and left and right rounding awl coil spring (13,9) hold the affixed positioning key (15) of spring wire head periphery greatly, to guarantee the circumferential location between elasticity spoke and the wheel rim.Load and unload up and down for ease of elastic wheel, the elasticity spoke inboard with needn't fix being connected of wheel hub extremely, the inboard cover dish of elasticity spoke (14) can be inserted in uniform depositing on wheel hub (5) inner disc in six platform shape pins (16) (Fig. 7 c), its laterally outwardly the side displacement be freely, but be positioned at the right the dextrorotation conical helical spring can bear this direction load.

For the dual wheel in the lorry, can be by connecting wheel rim (18) with the synthetic elastic wheel (Fig. 8) of two-wheeled.

Claims

1. vehicle elastic wheel, be made up of parts such as elasticity band tyre, wheel rim, elasticity spoke and wheel hubs, it is characterized in that, the elasticity spoke is by left and right rounding awl coil spring (13,9) hold make-up to be formed by large and small lock sleeve compression connection greatly, its shape is the dish shape.

2. elastic wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, big lock sleeve by inboard cover dish (14) with connect in lock tube (11) week greatly or fuse, little lock sleeve is affixed or fuse by outside cover dish (7) and little lock tube (10), large and small lock sleeve root respectively has a shape conical surface.

3. elastic wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wheel rim (12) inwall is the inner groove of two conical helical spring filament diameters with dish shape elasticity spoke contact position one width being arranged, the inner groove bottom surface is located left and right limit at a distance of 180 ° and is had a keyway, the left and right rounding awl coil spring big end spring wire affixed positioning key of head periphery (15).

4. require 1 described elastic wheel according to power, it is characterized in that, uniform six platform shape pins (16) on the wheel hub inner disc.

5. elastic wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the elasticity band tyre is made up of cover tire (19) and elastomeric material (20) two parts.