CN104755729A - 用于爆震控制的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于爆震控制的设备和方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104755729A
CN104755729A CN201280075777.3A CN201280075777A CN104755729A CN 104755729 A CN104755729 A CN 104755729A CN 201280075777 A CN201280075777 A CN 201280075777A CN 104755729 A CN104755729 A CN 104755729A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
gas recirculation
recirculation valve
fuel
pinking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201280075777.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
英厄马尔·芒努松
维托里奥·马嫩特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volvo Truck Corp
Original Assignee
Volvo Lastvagnar AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volvo Lastvagnar AB filed Critical Volvo Lastvagnar AB
Publication of CN104755729A publication Critical patent/CN104755729A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F02D19/105—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0052—Feedback control of engine parameters, e.g. for control of air/fuel ratio or intake air amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/16—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/21—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/45—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems
    • F02M26/46—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition
    • F02M26/47—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition the characteristics being temperatures, pressures or flow rates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0493—Controlling the air charge temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0692—Arrangement of multiple injectors per combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/028—Adding water into the charge intakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

车辆发动机中的一种装置，包括进气歧管、废气歧管和多个汽缸，并且适合于通过包括柴油和气体燃料的双燃料而被操作，所述装置进一步包括：将所述废气歧管与所述进气歧管连接的废气再循环管道、布置在所述废气再循环管道内的废气再循环阀、以及布置用于控制所述废气再循环阀的操作的控制单元，其中所述装置进一步包括布置在所述发动机上并且连接到所述控制单元的爆震传感器；所述控制单元适合于在所述爆震传感器检测到爆震的情况下打开所述废气再循环阀。本发明的优势在于双燃料发动机能够与具有广泛的各种甲烷值的甲烷气体一起使用，而不引起发动机发出爆震声。

Description

用于爆震控制的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于双燃料发动机内的爆震控制的装置和方法，适合于与天然气或沼气和柴油一起使用。这种方法适合用在重型车辆发动机中。
背景技术
在理想的情况下，普通内燃机在汽缸中以有序且受控的方式燃烧燃料/空气混合物。在汽油发动机中，取决于包括发动机速度和负载的各种因素，由火花塞在上止点(TDC)之前在少数曲轴度处启动燃烧。这种点火提前为燃烧过程留出了时间，以便在对于来自膨胀气体的工作的最大回收的理想时机发展峰压。
在正常的燃烧中，火焰前缘以对于特定混合物所特有的速度遍及燃料/空气混合物移动。当消耗了几乎所有的可用燃料时，压力平稳地上升到峰值，然后，当活塞下降时压力下降。在活塞经过TDC后，在少数曲轴度处达到最大汽缸压力，使得增加的压力能够强推活塞，此时活塞的速度和在曲轴上的机械优势给予来自膨胀气体的力的最好回收。
当超过火焰前缘边界的未燃烧的燃料/空气混合物遭受到热和压力的混合达某一持续时间时，它可以以瞬间的爆炸性点火方式在火焰前缘外面的燃料/空气混合物的至少一个油盘(pocket)中自燃。在每个油盘周围产生局部冲击波，并且汽缸压力可以急剧地上升至超过其设计限制。如果这在极端条件下或者在许多个发动机循环中被允许持续的话，则发动机零件可能被损坏或毁坏。这被称为爆震。中度的爆震能够产生颗粒，所述颗粒在被油过滤器捕获之前能够在油系统中引起零件上的磨损。以穿过活塞或汽缸头打孔的物理孔形式的严重爆震能够导致灾难性的故障，这可将大的金属碎片、燃料和燃烧产物引入油系统中。
存在避免汽油发动机中的爆震的不同的方式。一种方式是使用具有高辛烷值的汽油，这增加了燃料的燃烧温度并且减小了爆震的倾向。另一种方式是使用更富有的燃料/空气比，该方式将额外的燃料添加到混合物中，导致了降低的火焰温度并且当燃料在汽缸内蒸发时增加了冷却效果，或者导致了通过增加发动机转数而减小燃烧持续时间，或者导致了通过增加发动机转数或通过借助燃烧室的设计增加扰动而增加混合物扰动或漩涡。也可以通过减小节流阀开度降低歧管压力或减小发动机上的负载。
因为压力和温度是强烈关联的，所以爆震也能够通过控制峰燃烧室温度、通过压缩比减少、废气再循环、发动机点火计时时间表的适当校准并且通过仔细的设计发动机燃烧室和冷却系统以及控制最初的进气温度而被衰减。
在双燃料发动机中，发动机适合于采用不同的燃料发挥作用。正常地，发动机适合于采用特定的单种燃料或者两种不同燃料的混合物而发挥作用。同样可能的是发动机适合于采用独立存在的燃料中的任一种或者两种燃料的混合物发挥作用。在这种发动机中可能出现的问题是所用燃料质量的差异。
一种类型的双燃料发动机利用第一种燃料和第二种燃料以混合模式操作，第一种燃料典型地为天然气，其主要在预混合的火焰传播过程中被燃烧，第二种燃料典型地为柴油，对其而言，燃烧通过自动点火过程被启动，并且具有随后的混合控制的燃烧过程，类似于在直接被喷射的柴油发动机中的过程。由于第一种燃料的预混合，第一种燃料的自动点火能够出现在十分高的温度和压力下。如果自动点火过程太快，则可导致有害的爆震，所述爆震例如可能导致严重损坏发动机。
通过使发动机压缩比和柴油喷射开始适合，能够为给定质量的第一种燃料(即天然气)控制爆震。对于天然气而言，与爆震相关的最重要的参数是甲烷值MN。较高的甲烷值引起较低的爆震趋向。对于作为发动机燃料的天然气而言，颗粒问题是在大约从70到95的甲烷值中的宽扩展，这取决于气源。该甲烷值范围非常大并且对于当前的发动机控制系统引发了问题，如果发动机以具有低MN的气体为燃料，则可能导致破坏性的爆震。
解决该问题的一种方式是例如通过降低压缩比为低MN的气体优化发动机。当发动机以具有大部分的柴油和/或以具有高MN的甲烷气体为燃料时，这将导致较低的效率。控制双燃料发动机内的爆震的另一种已知的解决方案是通过稍后注入柴油燃料来延迟燃烧。也可以增加注入的柴油燃料量。然而，这些解决方案导致较低的效率以及较低的柴油置换速率。
因此，存在用于双燃料发动机内的爆震控制的改善型装置和方法的空间。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于双燃料发动机内的爆震控制的改善型装置。本发明更进一步的目的是提供一种用于双燃料发动机内的爆震控制的方法。
根据本发明，在用于装置的权利要求1和用于方法的权利要求10的特征部分中描述了针对该问题的解决方案。其它的权利要求包含本发明的用于双燃料发动机中的爆震控制的装置和方法的有利的更进一步的发展。
一种车辆发动机中的装置，包括进气歧管、废气歧管和多个汽缸，并且适合于通过包括柴油和气体燃料的双燃料而被操作，所述装置进一步包括：将所述废气歧管与所述进气歧管连接的废气再循环管道、布置在所述废气再循环管道内的废气再循环阀、以及布置用于控制所述废气再循环阀的操作的控制单元，本发明的目的通过所述装置进一步包括布置在所述发动机上并且连接到所述控制单元的爆震传感器而被实现；所述控制单元适合于在所述爆震传感器检测到爆震的情况下打开所述废气再循环阀。
通过根据本发明的装置的该第一实施例，提供了一种用于双燃料发动机内的爆震控制的装置，该装置允许发动机以各种组合方式使用柴油以及所有的各种天然气，而不引起爆震。这是通过将少量的废气再循环从废气歧管供给到进气歧管而得以实现。废气再循环的量由控制废气再循环阀的控制单元控制。通过仅允许少部分的废气再循环，未增加燃料消耗。
柴油发动机被优化，以便与高质量的天然气一起使用，例如具有的甲烷值为100的甲烷。通过将少部分的废气再循环引入进气歧管内，能够使用具有的甲烷值低至大约70的低质量气体，而不引起爆震发生。
在一种用于控制双燃料柴油发动机的方法中，包括步骤：利用爆震传感器检测爆震，并且利用控制单元打开废气再循环阀，其中所述控制单元以与检测到的爆震成比例地打开阀。采用该方法，可以使用不同质量的甲烷气体，而不会引起发动机中的爆震。对于发动机而言，由于最经济的燃油方法是为具有最高质量的燃料优化发动机，并且采用避免爆震的控制策略使燃烧适合于具有较低质量的燃料，因此这是有优势的。
附图说明
下面将参照附图更加详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的示意性的发动机，
图2示出了根据本发明的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面描述的具有更进一步发展的本发明的实施例将被视为仅仅作为实例，并且绝非用于限制由专利权利要求书所提供的保护范围。
图1示出了根据本发明的示意性的发动机装置1。发动机2为双燃料柴油发动机，适合于与柴油发动机燃料以及诸如天然气或沼气的甲烷气体形式的气体燃料一起使用。气体中的能量将取决于气源而变化。甲烷气体的质量或能含量由甲烷值(MN)限定，其中较高的数值指示较高的能级。高质量的甲烷气体可以具有95的MN，而较低质量的甲烷气体具有接近70的MN。
所述发动机设置有多个汽缸3，汽缸3具有以已知的方式连接到曲轴5的活塞4。发动机进一步设置有进气歧管6，在进气歧管6中安装了用于甲烷气体的气体喷射器7。当使用甲烷气体或入口空气时，所述进气歧管优选地设置有压缩机8，压缩机8适合于对入口空气和甲烷气体的混合物加压。所述发动机也设置有适合于排出废气的废气歧管9。所述废气歧管优选地设置有废气驱动的涡轮机10，涡轮机10适合于以已知的方式从废气中回收一些能量。每个汽缸也设置有柴油喷射器11，柴油喷射器11适合于优选地从共同的轨道喷射柴油。
所述装置进一步设置有废气再循环(EGR)系统，包括将废气歧管9与进气歧管6连接的废气再循环管道12。在所述废气再循环管道中，设置了能够以可变方式打开和关闭的废气再循环阀13。EGR阀受控于控制单元14，所述控制单元14可以被包含在车辆的现有控制单元中，例如发动机控制单元中。所述发动机进一步设置有安装在发动机上的爆震传感器15。所述装置可以设置有一个爆震传感器，或者每个汽缸均可以设置有爆震传感器。所述爆震传感器被连接到控制单元，并且如果发生了爆震，则爆震传感器将信号供给至控制单元，并且该信号涉及爆震的幅度。
控制单元根据爆震信号来控制EGR阀。当爆震传感器指示不存在爆震时，EGR阀被完全关闭，这是由于发动机中的正常燃烧不需要废气再循环。当爆震传感器指示存在爆震时，EGR阀稍微被打开。EGR阀的开度与来自爆震传感器的爆震信号成比例。然而，由于废气再循环仅仅用于抑制发动机的爆震，所以EGR阀的最大所需开度相对较小，并且小于30％。优选地，最大开度同样小于20％，并且更优选小于10％，并且最优选小于5％。
所述装置还可以包括用于调整柴油喷射定时的组件，以便控制发动机的爆震。用于调整喷射定时的组件将控制柴油被注入汽缸内的时刻。通过将废气再循环控制与喷射定时适合相组合，可进一步增强爆震控制，这取决于发动机的运行情况。
所述装置还可以包括用于调整入口空气温度的组件，以控制发动机的爆震。可以例如通过使用中间冷却器或者通过将水滴喷射到空气入口来控制入口空气温度。通过将废气再循环控制与入口空气温度适合相组合，可进一步增强爆震控制，这取决于发动机的运行情况。
在本发明的装置和方法中，废气再循环EGR被用作用来控制适合采用天然气和柴油作为燃料的双燃料发动机中的爆震的控制手段。EGR将因此能够补偿甲烷天然气的可变MN。已经注意到，仅需少部分的EGR以避免发动机中的爆震，当发动机以具有接近70的区域中的低MN的气体燃料为燃料时，发动机被优化为具有大约95的高甲烷值的气体燃料。由于废气再循环仅用于控制爆震，所以能够使用EGR而不影响燃料消耗。以这种方式，可以采用长路线系统，该长路线系统不增加由于泵工作而造成的损失。通过将EGR集成在发动机的控制策略中，能够抑制爆震。与其中EGR被用作一种不被控制的手段来降低爆震风险的策略相比，这是一种优势，与作为发动机燃料的气体的实际性能无关。
也可以与废气再循环阀控制相组合来调节柴油喷射的定时，以便抑制爆震。使用废气再循环作为用于抑制爆震的控制手段的优势在于通过使用废气再循环使燃料消耗不受影响。柴油喷射定时的调节将不利地影响燃料消耗，但是在爆震的严重情况下可以是必要的。
与解决方案的现状相比，本发明的优势在于通过允许控制更宽范围的MN同时维持高燃料效能而改善了双燃料类型的发动机中的爆震控制。
在一种用于控制双燃料柴油发动机的方法的实例中，废气再循环被用作抑制爆震的控制手段。在步骤100中，通过使用爆震传感器来检测爆震。传感器将信号发送至控制单元，指示是否出现爆震以及爆震的幅度。
在步骤110中，当爆震传感器检测到爆震情形时，利用控制单元打开废气再循环阀。根据爆震信号打开废气再循环阀。废气再循环阀的开度优选地与检测到的爆震量成比例。取决于所使用的气体燃料的质量，废气再循环阀的开度能够适合当前的情形。
在步骤120中，废气再循环阀的控制与柴油喷射定时的调整相组合。取决于发动机的运行情况，通过柴油喷射定时控制和废气再循环阀控制的组合可以增强爆震控制。如果仅采用控制废气再循环阀的爆震控制是足够的，则该步骤可省略。
在步骤130中，废气再循环阀的控制与入口空气温度的调整相组合。取决于发动机的运行情况，通过入口空气温度控制和废气再循环阀控制的组合可以增强爆震控制。如果仅采用控制废气再循环阀的爆震控制是足够的，则该步骤可省略。
本发明不被视为限制到以上所描述的实施例，在专利权利要求书的保护范围内的许多额外的变型和修改是可能的。
附图标记
1：装置
2：发动机
3：汽缸
4：活塞
5：曲轴
6：进气歧管
7：气体喷射器
8：压缩机
9：废气歧管
10：涡轮机
11：柴油喷射器
12：废气再循环管道
13：废气再循环阀
14：控制单元
15：爆震传感器

Claims (16)

1.一种车辆发动机(2)中的装置(1)，包括进气歧管(6)、废气歧管(9)和至少一个汽缸(3)，并且适合于通过包括柴油和气体燃料的双燃料而被操作，所述装置进一步包括：将所述废气歧管(9)与所述进气歧管(6)连接的废气再循环管道(12)；布置在所述废气再循环管道(12)中的废气再循环阀(13)；以及，布置用于控制所述废气再循环阀(13)的操作的控制单元(14)，其特征在于：所述装置进一步包括：布置在所述发动机(2)上并且连接到所述控制单元(14)的爆震传感器(15)；所述控制单元(14)适合于在所述爆震传感器(15)检测到爆震的情况下打开所述废气再循环阀(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述双燃料由柴油和甲烷气体燃料构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述废气再循环阀是可变的。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述装置进一步包括用于调整所述柴油喷射定时的组件。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述装置包括用于调整入口空气温度的组件。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述废气再循环阀与所述爆震传感器信号成比例地被打开。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述废气再循环阀被打开小于30％。
8.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述废气再循环阀被打开小于20％。
9.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述废气再循环阀被打开小于10％。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述发动机适合于与具有甲烷值处于100和70之间的间隔内的气体一起使用，而不引入爆震。
11.一种内燃机，包括根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的装置。
12.一种用于控制双燃料柴油发动机的方法，包括以下步骤：利用爆震传感器检测爆震；以及，当所述爆震传感器检测到爆震情形时，利用控制单元打开废气再循环阀。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述控制单元将所述废气再循环阀与所述爆震传感器信号成比例地打开。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述废气再循环阀被打开小于30％。
15.根据权利要求12至14中的任一项所述的方法，其中所述方法进一步包括以下步骤：调整所述柴油喷射定时，以控制爆震。
16.根据权利要求12至15中的任一项所述的方法，其中所述方法进一步包括以下步骤：调整所述入口空气温度，以控制爆震。
CN201280075777.3A 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 用于爆震控制的设备和方法 Pending CN104755729A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/003821 WO2014040606A1 (en) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Apparatus and method for knock control

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104755729A true CN104755729A (zh) 2015-07-01

Family

ID=46963655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201280075777.3A Pending CN104755729A (zh) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 用于爆震控制的设备和方法

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20150267630A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2904244B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104755729A (zh)
WO (1) WO2014040606A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105736190A (zh) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-06 通用电气公司 用于调整发动机中的排气再循环的系统和方法
CN106523198A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-03-22 天津大学 一种抑制早燃和爆震的强制废气喷射系统
CN110469433A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-19 中船动力研究院有限公司 一种二冲程双燃料发动机的扫气氧浓度控制装置

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT515769A3 (de) * 2014-05-09 2018-01-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben
US10294884B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2019-05-21 Ge Global Sourcing Llc System for controlling injection of fuel in engine
BR102014031622A2 (pt) * 2014-12-17 2016-07-19 Bosch Do Brasil processo de controle de um motor de combustão e unidade de controle de motor
EP3081790A1 (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-10-19 Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd. Dual-fuel marine combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation for suppressing pre-ignition
JP6483558B2 (ja) * 2015-07-24 2019-03-13 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置
US9897021B2 (en) * 2015-08-06 2018-02-20 General Electric Company System and method for determining location and value of peak firing pressure
US10837376B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2020-11-17 Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc Systems for diagnosing a condition of an engine
US11473654B2 (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-10-18 Defang Yuan Reciprocating engine with extended minimum combustion chamber volume

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849454A2 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for reducing torque fluctuation for lean burn combustion engine
US6354264B1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2002-03-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Control system for self-ignition type gasoline engine
US20020078918A1 (en) * 2000-12-26 2002-06-27 Richard Ancimer Method and apparatus for gaseous fuel introduction and controlling combustion in an internal combustion engine
US20040187847A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-09-30 Woodward Governor Company Method and apparatus for detecting abnormal combustion conditions in reciprocating engines having high exhaust gas recirculation
US20080127933A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Paul Blumberg Multiple Combustion Mode Engine Using Direct Alcohol Injection
WO2012021990A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2012-02-23 Westport Power Inc. Gaseous-fuelled stoichiometric compression ignition internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4315492A (en) * 1980-06-12 1982-02-16 Gardner Conrad O EGR Valve control signal processing for internal combustion engine
US5284047A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-02-08 Analog Devices, Inc. Multiplexed single-channel knock sensor signal conditioner system for internal combustion engine
US6651765B1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-25 Steven M. Weinzierl Snowmobile with a supercharged engine
JP4144251B2 (ja) * 2002-05-09 2008-09-03 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関における排気環流の制御

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849454A2 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for reducing torque fluctuation for lean burn combustion engine
US6354264B1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2002-03-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Control system for self-ignition type gasoline engine
US20020078918A1 (en) * 2000-12-26 2002-06-27 Richard Ancimer Method and apparatus for gaseous fuel introduction and controlling combustion in an internal combustion engine
US20040187847A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-09-30 Woodward Governor Company Method and apparatus for detecting abnormal combustion conditions in reciprocating engines having high exhaust gas recirculation
US20080127933A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Paul Blumberg Multiple Combustion Mode Engine Using Direct Alcohol Injection
WO2012021990A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2012-02-23 Westport Power Inc. Gaseous-fuelled stoichiometric compression ignition internal combustion engine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105736190A (zh) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-06 通用电气公司 用于调整发动机中的排气再循环的系统和方法
CN106523198A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-03-22 天津大学 一种抑制早燃和爆震的强制废气喷射系统
CN106523198B (zh) * 2016-11-30 2020-05-08 天津大学 一种抑制早燃和爆震的强制废气喷射系统
CN110469433A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-19 中船动力研究院有限公司 一种二冲程双燃料发动机的扫气氧浓度控制装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014040606A1 (en) 2014-03-20
EP2904244A1 (en) 2015-08-12
EP2904244B1 (en) 2017-01-04
US20150267630A1 (en) 2015-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104755729A (zh) 用于爆震控制的设备和方法
US7996147B2 (en) Locomotive engine multi-fuel control system and method
US9702296B2 (en) Turbocharged engine
CN102705090B (zh) 用于提前点火控制的方法和系统
US9228536B2 (en) Load shedding techniques for dual fuel engines
Alger et al. A high-energy continuous discharge ignition system for dilute engine applications
US8977469B2 (en) Multi-fuel control system and method
US9145843B2 (en) Spark-ignition direct injection engine
US7853396B2 (en) Multifuel internal combustion engine and combustion controlling method thereof
US9410490B2 (en) Fuel selection system and method for dual fuel engines
US20130152898A1 (en) Variable ignition type diesel-gasoline dual fuel powered combustion engine, system, and method
US20140379242A1 (en) Autonomous operation of electronically controlled internal combustion engines on a variety of fuels and/or other variabilities using ion current and/or other combustion sensors
CN102312739A (zh) 具有涡轮增压器的车载柴油发动机及其控制方法
RU2541346C2 (ru) Способ эксплуатации двигателя внутреннего сгорания
WO2010109599A1 (ja) 内燃機関の制御装置
CN103375242B (zh) 内燃机混合燃烧控制方法
Kamio et al. Study on HCCI-SI combustion using fuels containing ethanol
CN104204507B (zh) 带增压器的内燃机的控制装置
US8960155B2 (en) Operating system for internal combustion engine
US11268463B2 (en) Techniques for improving fuel economy in dedicated EGR engines
US20190226419A1 (en) Hybrid combustion mode of internal combustion engine and controller thereof, internal combustion engine, and automobile
EP2881572B1 (en) Egr cylinder operation in an internal combustion engine
JP2009085168A (ja) 内燃機関の制御装置
CN103603730A (zh) 基于离子电流的火花点火式发动机早燃检测控制装置
JP2009138568A (ja) 内燃機関

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
EXSB Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20150701