CN104755680A - 用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件 - Google Patents

用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件 Download PDF

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CN104755680A
CN104755680A CN201380055778.6A CN201380055778A CN104755680A CN 104755680 A CN104755680 A CN 104755680A CN 201380055778 A CN201380055778 A CN 201380055778A CN 104755680 A CN104755680 A CN 104755680A
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layer
strutting piece
floor
side surfaces
elements
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安德烈亚·普拉蒂
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Pula Base Of A Fruit Group Co Ltd
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Pula Base Of A Fruit Group Co Ltd
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    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/02—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • E04F15/105—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials
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    • E04F2015/0205—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer
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    • E04F2015/02072—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the flooring elements
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    • E04F2015/02077—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements the additional fastening elements located in-between two adjacent flooring elements
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    • E04F2015/02066—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements
    • E04F2015/02077—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer with load-supporting elongated furring elements between the flooring elements and the underlayer with additional fastening elements between furring elements and flooring elements the additional fastening elements located in-between two adjacent flooring elements
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

描述了用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件(1)，其包括具有上表面(3)和两个相对的纵向侧表面(5)的刚性基体(2)，所述上表面和侧表面被乙烯基织物制成的层(6)覆盖。也描述了模块化地板砖(7)，其包括安装在刚性支撑件(8)上的多个所述预制元件(1)。本发明能够实现不需要维护的室外装饰木地板。

Description

用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件
发明的背景
本发明涉及一种用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件，并且涉及包括所述预制元件的地板装置。
具体地，但是非排他地，该元件和地板装置可以用于室外区域。
现有技术包括用于地板的预制模块化元件，其包括具有上表面、下表面、将上表面与下表面连接的两个相对的侧表面的刚性基体，并且包括覆盖上表面的、由乙烯基织物制成的层。
DE 20 2012 000 284 U1公开了这种元件的例子，在其边缘设置有用于连接到相同的元件的机构。
发明的概述
本发明的目的在于制造一种其中减少了维护需求的预制元件，尤其是用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件。
优势是实现一种具有较强的室外抗性的预制元件，尤其是用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件。
优势是使具有较高绝缘性能的预制元件、尤其是用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件成为可能。
优势是包括容易地铺设各种样式的装饰盖板或地板的可能性。
优势是提供一种能够给予地板最佳舒适性能的预制元件，尤其是用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件。
优势是能够实现一种具有较强的紫外线抗性和/或大气因素抗性和/或具有防划伤性能和/或防滑性能的地板。
优势是提供一种用于铺设吸声地板的模块化元件。
优势是提供一种包括一个或多个所述预制元件的地板装置。
通过根据下文陈述的一项或多项权利要求的元件和地板装置实现了这样的目的和优势等等。
根据本发明的实施方式，用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件具有刚性基体，该刚性基体包括乙烯基织物的顶部层，并且该刚性基体在其一条或两条纵向边缘处被乙烯基织物的侧部层覆盖。刚性基体可以设置有乙烯基织物的单片层，该层覆盖刚性基体的顶部和一条或两条纵向边缘。刚性基体可以设置有乙烯基织物的两片或多片不同的层，该层覆盖刚性基体的顶部和一条或两条纵向边缘。
根据本发明的实施方式，地板装置包括刚性支撑，一个或多个所述预制元件被安装在该刚性支撑上。
附图简要说明
本发明可以参考通过非限制性示例的方式示出其实施方式的附图被更好的理解和实施。仅仅以说明性而不是限制性的方式示意性地示出实际的实施方式。为了清晰和简明起见，不同示例的相似物标示为相同的附图标记。
图1是根据本发明制成的元件的示例的示意性剖面。
图2是由图1中那样的元件制成的地板装置的示例的示意性剖面。
图3是图2所示的地板装置的示例的立体图。
图4是图3的地板装置的不同的、局部剖视的立体图。
图5是根据本发明制成的元件的进一步的示例的示意性剖面。
图6是由图5中那样的元件制成的地板装置的示例的示意性剖面。
图7是图6所示的地板装置的示例的立体图。
图8是图1所示的元件的变体的示意性剖面。
图9是图5所示的元件的变体的示意性剖面。
详细说明
参考图1，通过1整体上表示用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件。预制元件1包括刚性基体2，其具有上表面3、下表面4以及将接上表面3与下表面4连接的至少两个相对的纵向侧表面5。
上表面3被乙烯基织物(纺织的乙烯基)制成的层6覆盖。至少一个(纵向)侧表面5被乙烯基织物制成的层6覆盖。在具体的示例中，两个相对的侧表面5均被乙烯基织物制成的层6覆盖。在其他的示例中(未显示)，只有一个侧表面可以被乙烯基织物层覆盖，尤其当元件1被用于地板脚板时。如具体的示例中那样，由乙烯基织物制成的层6的单片可以覆盖上表面3和两个相对的侧表面5。在其他示例中，乙烯基织物层的单片可以覆盖上表面以及两个侧表面中的一个。
刚性基体2可以至少部分地由选自如下组成的组中的一种或多种材料制成：木材、木塑复合材料或其他天然纤维塑料复合材料、乙烯基复合砖、含或不含纤维的PVC复合材料、ABS、XPS或由这些材料的组合制成的任何复合材料。
形成覆盖的层6的乙烯基(纺织的乙烯基)可以包括由塑料制成的、被聚酯或玻璃纤维制成的线丝强化的纱线。特别地，纱线可以具有塑料的外层和多条强化线丝的芯。纱线可以由PVC和/或PE和/或PP制成。乙烯基(纺织的乙烯基)可以通过粘合剂，例如通过聚氨酯胶被接合至刚性基体2。
由乙烯基形成的层6可以具有在0.5mm和2mm之间的厚度，并且具有在0.2kg/m2和1kg/m2之间的基本重量。然而，也可以使用具有其他厚度和基本重量的层。
预制元件1可以被解释为长条状的元件。特别地，元件1可以具有用于制造地板或地板脚板的任何适合的长度，比如在1000mm和3000mm之间的长度，或者其他的长度。每个元件1都可以根据需要被切割为所需的长度。
元件1的剖面(示意性地显示在图1中)可以具有用于制造地板或地板脚板的任何适合的宽度和高度(厚度)，比如在50mm和300mm之间的宽度，或者其他的宽度，以及在10mm和30mm之间的高度(厚度)，或者其他的高度。
参考图8，通过20整体上表示图1中所示的预制元件1的变体。预制元件20与元件1不同之处在于在下表面4中存在一些纵向凹槽16。在所示的实施方式中，预制元件20包括三个纵向凹槽16，该纵向凹槽16彼此平行并且也平行于侧表面5。纵向凹槽16具有梯形剖面。由于纵向凹槽16，预制元件20比元件1更轻，并且因此可以使用比制造元件1所需的量减少的材料量来制造。因此，预制元件20被节省材料制造，并从而具有更低的制造成本。因而对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，预制元件20包括的纵向凹槽16的数量可以不同于三个(例如，一个、两个、四个或甚至更多凹槽)，该凹槽16具有的剖面可以不同于图中所示的梯形剖面(例如，棱形或半圆形的剖面形状)。
参考图2到图4，通过7整体上表示由预制模块化地板砖形成的地板装置。砖7包括刚性支撑件8和一个或多个如上所述的预制元件1、20。在具体示例中，设置了四个预制元件1。然而，也可以设置不同数量(一个、两个、三个、五个或更多)的预制元件1。例如，预制元件1通过紧固机构被牢固地安装在刚性支撑件8上，该紧固机构例如螺钉(在具体示例中为钢质螺钉9)或者销(例如膨胀锚定销)。特别地，元件1可以通过可移除的接合机构被安装在刚性支撑件8上。特别地，每个预制元件1的下表面4(其中可能不存在乙烯基织物层)都被接合到刚性支撑件8。
如本示例中所示，刚性支撑件8可以包括模块化支撑件，在该模块化支撑件的一条或多条边缘处设置有用于(以可移除的方式)连接其他相邻的模块化支撑件的连接机构。如在具体示例中的那样，连接机构可以包括槽舌接头，由此刚性支撑件8将在至少一条边缘处设置有舌机构10，并且在至少一条相对的边缘处设置有可以与相邻的模块化砖的舌机构接合的凹槽机构11。
刚性支撑件8可以包括格状支撑件，例如由塑料制成的格状支撑件。(格状)刚性支撑件8的结构和形状可以包括适用于产生基体的任意的结构和形状，条板(板条或键条)被固定在基体上以制造模块化地板砖，尤其是用于室外的模块化地板砖。
预制元件1被相邻地设置在刚性支撑件8上，以限定砖的可行走表面。特别地，在两个相邻的元件1的侧表面5之间设置了间距12。特别地，在每对相邻的元件1的侧表面5之间都设置了间距12。
砖7可以具有适于地板的任意的尺寸和形状，例如正方形或矩形形状、具有尺寸300×300mm或300×600mm，或其他的形状和尺寸。
参考图5，通过1’整体上表示用于地板的预制元件的另一个示例。除了形状和/或尺寸，预制元件1’可以包括如元件1那样的基体2和层6。元件1’包括被设置在两个相对的侧表面5中的至少一个(在此情况下两个)处的连接机构。每个连接机构都被设置为距上表面3一定距离。每个连接机构都可以包括存在于侧表面5处的阴连接机构，例如，纵向凹槽13。每个连接机构都被设置为通过相应的紧固机构(例如，阳连接机构，比如从支撑件14露出以与凹槽13接合的一个或多个夹15，从而将元件1’固定到支撑件14)与外部刚性支撑件14连接(见图6)。每个侧表面5的、被包括在连接机构和上表面3之间的部分5’(上部)(至少部分地)被乙烯基织物制成的层6(如上所述)覆盖。
参考图9，通过20’整体上表示图5中所示的预制元件1’的变体。预制元件20’与元件1’的不同之处在于在下表面4中存在一些另外的纵向凹槽16。在所示的实施方式中，预制元件20’包括三个纵向凹槽16，该纵向凹槽16彼此互相平行并且也平行于纵向凹槽13和侧表面5。纵向凹槽16具有梯形剖面。由于纵向凹槽16，预制元件20’比元件1’更轻，并且因此可以使用比制造元件1’所需的量减少的材料量来制造。因此，预制元件20’被节省材料制造，并从而具有更低的制造成本。因此，对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，预制元件20’包括的纵向凹槽16的数量可以不同于三个(比如，一个、两个、四个或甚至更多凹槽)，该凹槽16具有的剖面可以不同于图中所示的梯形剖面(例如，棱形或半圆形剖面形状)。
图7示出地板装置7’的示例，其包括固定于外部刚性支撑件14的多个元件1’，该支撑件14可以包括多条横梁，该横梁被设置为彼此具有一定距离(平行)并且横向地设置于元件1’。可选地，在未显示的实施方式中，地板装置7’可以包括多个预制元件20’而不是元件1’。
一种用于制造元件1或1’或20或20’的示例性方法可以包括以下步骤：将粘合剂施加到刚性基体2的上表面3和侧表面5(或5’)；将乙烯基薄纱的层6施加到粘合剂上；并且将层6(由乙烯基薄纱制成)与刚性基体2粘合。对于元件1’(或20’)，粘合剂将被施加到侧表面5的、要被层6覆盖的上部5’。
如果有必要，所得到的单元可以被切割，以获得地板或地板脚板所需的元件1或1’或20或20’。在粘合步骤中，粘合剂可以是相对较热的，该粘合剂比如是，例如，在120℃到160℃溶解的热熔粘合剂。
另一个示例性的制造方法可以包括将乙烯基织物置于模具中并且然后把将要形成刚性基体2的材料导入该模具中的步骤，以致在冷却时，乙烯基织物的层6将保持与刚性基体2的牢固连接。
通过所附的图1到图9示出的由乙烯基织物制成的层6只是说明性的。特别地，层6可以具有任意需要的样式或设计。
上述元件1、1’、20和20’以及装置7和7’将实现以下优势：室外条件的较强抗性；用于为地板提供多种不同的式样和设计的多功能性和灵活性；减少冲击声的吸收；周围环境中声波的大量分散。本发明能够实现不需要维护的室外装饰木地板。

Claims (21)

1.用于地板或地板脚板的预制元件(1；1’；20；20’)，其包括刚性基体(2)，该刚性基体(2)具有上表面(3)、下表面(4)以及将所述上表面(3)与所述下表面(4)连接的至少两个相对的侧表面(5)；所述上表面(3)至少部分地被乙烯基织物制成的层(6)覆盖；所述元件(1；20)的特征在于，所述两个相对的侧表面(5)中的至少一个至少部分地被乙烯基织物制成的层(6)覆盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的元件，其中，所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)均至少部分地被乙烯基织物制成的层(6)覆盖。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的元件，其中，由乙烯基织物制成的层(6)的单片至少部分地覆盖所述上表面(3)并且至少部分地覆盖所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的元件，其中，由乙烯基织物制成的层(6)的单片至少部分地覆盖所述上表面(3)和所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)中的至少一个。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的元件，其包括连接机构(13)，该连接机构(13)在离所述上表面(3)一定距离处被设置在所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)中的一个或两个处，以用于连接外部刚性支撑件，所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)中的所述一个或两个的、包括在所述连接机构(13)和所述上表面(3)之间的部分(5’)至少部分地被乙烯基织物制成的层(6)覆盖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的元件，其中，所述连接机构包括阴连接机构(13)，其被设置在所述至少两个相对的侧表面(5)中的两个处。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的元件，其中，所述刚性基体(2)至少部分地由选自如下组成的组中的一种或多种材料制成：木材、木塑复合材料或其他天然纤维塑料复合材料、乙烯基复合砖、含或不含纤维的PVC复合材料、ABS、HDF。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的元件，其中，所述乙烯基织物包括由塑料制成的纱线，其通过聚酯或玻璃纤维制成的线丝被强化。
9.根据权利要求8所述的元件，其中，所述纱线包括塑料的外层和多条所述强化线丝的芯。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的元件，其中，所述纱线由PVC和/或PE和/或PP制成。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的元件，其中，粘合剂被施加到所述上表面(3)和所述侧表面(5)；所述层(6)被施加到所述粘合剂上；并且在粘合步骤中所述粘合剂是热熔粘合剂，例如，在120℃到160℃溶解的热熔粘合剂。
12.根据权利要求1到11中任一项所述的元件(20；20’)，其中在所述下表面(4)中存在一个或多个纵向凹槽(16)。
13.地板装置(7；7’)，其包括：
-刚性支撑件(8；14)；
-根据权利要求1至12中任一项所制成的一个或多个元件(1；1’；20；20’)，所述一个或多个元件(1；1’；20；20’)被安装在所述刚性支撑件(8)上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其中，所述刚性支撑件(8)包括模块化支撑件，在模块化支撑件的一条或多条边缘处设置有用于连接其他相邻的模块化支撑件(8)的连接机构(10；11)。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的装置，其中，所述一个或多个元件(1；1’；20；20’)通过紧固机构(9；15)被安装在所述刚性支撑件(8；14)上。
16.根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，所述紧固机构包括螺钉(9)或销或夹(15)。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的装置，其中，所述紧固机构(15)被设置在所述刚性支撑件(14)上，以用于接合被设置在每个元件(1’；20’)的所述至少两个侧表面(5)上的连接机构(13)。
18.根据权利要求13到17中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述元件(1；1’；20；20’)通过可移除的接合机构(9；15)被安装在所述刚性支撑件(8；14)上。
19.根据权利要求13至18中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述刚性支撑件(8)包括格状支撑件。
20.根据权利要求13到18中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述刚性支撑件(14)包括多条横梁，该横梁被横向地设置于所述元件(1’)。
21.根据权利要求13至20中任一项所述的装置，其包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项制成的两个或更多个元件(1；1’；20；20’)，所述两个或更多个元件(1；1’；20；20’)相邻地设置在所述刚性支撑件(8；14)上，从而在两个相邻的元件(1；1’；20；20’)的侧表面(5)之间限定间距(12)。
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US20150292217A1 (en) 2015-10-15
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PL2839094T3 (pl) 2016-10-31
US9528277B2 (en) 2016-12-27

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