CN104751901A - Method for establishing liquid curved membrane flow system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability - Google Patents
Method for establishing liquid curved membrane flow system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN104751901A CN104751901A CN201310752684.6A CN201310752684A CN104751901A CN 104751901 A CN104751901 A CN 104751901A CN 201310752684 A CN201310752684 A CN 201310752684A CN 104751901 A CN104751901 A CN 104751901A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid membrane flow control, and specifically relates to a method for establishing a liquid curved membrane flow system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability. The method comprises the following steps: step one, finding a relationship between a local magnetic field strength and an inclination angle under stable flow status of a liquid metal membrane, changing local inclination angles at different flow distances of the membrane flow to adapt variations of a gradient magnetic field, controlling a magnetofluid instability caused by a strong gradient magnetic field, i.e., utilizing the shape of a curved bottom wall to adapt the variations of the strong gradient magnetic field; step two, utilizing a method of fixing a metal screen above the curved bottom wall to ensure the liquid metal to flow along the curved bottom wall having a greater curvature variation; and step three, obtaining a stable membrane flow on the metal screen by regulating the sizes of metal meshes at different flow distances as well as regulating the distance between the metal screen and the curved bottom wall. By the method for establishing the liquid curved membrane flow system of the fusion reactor divertor flow stability, the instability of the magnetofluid of the liquid metal membrane flow under the strong gradient magnetic field environment having greater magnetic field strength variations is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the control technology field of liquid film stream flowing, be specifically related to a kind of method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability.
Background technology
It is suitable for this huge technological challenge of plasma material that current controlled nuclear fusion still faces development, and researchist does not also find a kind of solid material can bear the high hot-fluid of fusion reactor to impact and very large neutron irradiation damage simultaneously so far.Therefore the liquid metal lithium flowed is suggested as fusion reactor in the face of plasma material, and the surface as fusion reactor high heat load parts (particularly divertor) is born high hot-fluid and impacted and reduce neutron irradiation damage.Existing result of study shows that solid high heat load material is the highest under steady state conditions can only bear 10MW/m
2surface heat flow impact, and liquid Free Surface is the highest bears 50MW/m
2surface thermal load; Liquid lithium is good moderation of neutrons and multiplication agent simultaneously, effectively can reduce the irradiation damage of By Fusion Neutron to solid structure material; Upgraded by the real-time online circulation of the liquid lithium that flows, can avoid occurring similar solid material corrosion and serviceable life problem; Circulation additionally by liquid lithium upgrades effectively can also adsorb and take away the foreign particle in plasma, realizes low recycle operational mode, obtains the electric discharge of high confining plasma, is very helpful to the steady-state operation realizing plasma.
But to magnetic confinement fusion heap, the realization of liquid lithium divertor also has many technical barriers to need to solve.First the problem solved is needed to be that how set up under the environment of fusion reactor strong magnetic field gradient can complete covering solid diapire and stable, the uniform film stream flowing of thickness.In magnetic confinement fusion heap, magnetic field intensity is about 2T to 7T, and the dimensionless Ha Deman number characterizing Lorentz force and viscous force ratio is greater than 10 usually
3, the impact that Lorentz force flows on film stream is very large.Usual Lorentz force hinders film stream flow forward, therefore the hydromagnetic instability in film stream flow process can be there is, usually show film stream constricted flow and pile up thickening even flow blockage, film stream is pushed to the side of groove and can not covers diapire completely and even develop into small stream shape stream, the drop sputtering etc. that liquid metal surface instability causes, all above-mentioned phenomenons are all confirmed in experiment, but researchist does not also do deeply its hydromagnetic instability and systematic research the method for film stream flowing under proposing a kind of effective control fusion reactor strong magnetic field circumstance so far.
Because magnetic confinement fusion heap has very strong gradient magnetic field distribution, particularly in divertor region, its changes of magnetic field is larger, the change in magnetic field can cause hydromagnetic instability and the surface wave instability of film stream, drop can be caused time serious to sputter out, and liquid metal enters plasma area can cause plasma extinguishment.Therefore need to provide a kind of liquid metal film streaming system with flow stability that can adapt to Arbitrary Gradient changes of magnetic field, the realization for liquid divertor provides technology and theories integration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability, to overcome the problems referred to above.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Set up a method for the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability, comprise the following steps:
Step one: find the relation when geomagnetic field intensity and angle of inclination under liquid metal film stream steady flow condition, the change of gradient magnetic is adapted to by changing the local angle of inclination of film stream difference flowing distance, control the hydromagnetic instability caused by strong magnetic field gradient, namely adopt the shape of curved surface diapire to adapt to the change of strong magnetic field gradient;
Step 2: the method utilizing fixing metal net above curved surface diapire, ensures that liquid metal flows along the curved surface diapire that Curvature varying is larger;
Step 3: by regulating the size of different flowing distance metal mesh opening and obtaining film stream flowing stable on wire netting apart from the distance of curved surface diapire.
Curved surface diapire curvature in described step one is continually varying, and the change of curvature is determined by the change of gradient magnetic.
Wire netting in described step 2 is 2mm ~ 15mm apart from the distance of curved surface diapire, and wire netting can adopt single or multiple lift wire netting to superpose, and the thickness of wire netting is 0.1mm ~ 1mm.
Film stream above wire netting in described step 3 is stable and uniform flowing, and its thickness is 1mm ~ 5mm.
Beneficial effect acquired by the present invention is:
The method of the invention solves the hydromagnetic instability problem of liquid metal film stream under the larger strong magnetic field gradient environment of change of magnetic field strength, the larger curved surface of Curvature varying can be adapted to by the auxiliary of wire netting and regulating action, set up the complete and curved surface film streaming system of steady flow, also can prevent the sputtering of liquid metal simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the relation under liquid lithium film stream steady flow condition between geomagnetic field intensity and angle of inclination;
How Fig. 2 changes film stream angle of inclination could adapt to the change of gradient magnetic and obtain stable curved surface film stream flowing;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that its curved surface magnetic fluid of liquid lithium film current control flowing to downfield by highfield flows;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that its curved surface magnetic fluid of liquid lithium film current control flowing to highfield by downfield flows;
Fig. 5 is the curved surface film current test experimental section of band wire netting;
How Fig. 6 should regulate wire netting can obtain stable curved surface film streaming system apart from the distance of diapire;
Fig. 7 is band wire netting and the flowing of the curved surface film stream magnetic fluid not with wire netting experimental result.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step one: find the relation when geomagnetic field intensity and angle of inclination under liquid metal film stream steady flow condition, the change of gradient magnetic is adapted to by changing the local angle of inclination of film stream difference flowing distance, control the hydromagnetic instability caused by strong magnetic field gradient, namely adopt the shape of curved surface diapire to adapt to the change of strong magnetic field gradient;
Step 2: the method utilizing fixing metal net above curved surface diapire, ensures that liquid metal flows along the curved surface diapire that Curvature varying is larger;
Step 3: by regulating the size of different flowing distance metal mesh opening and obtaining film stream flowing stable on wire netting apart from the distance of curved surface diapire;
Curved surface diapire curvature in described step one is continually varying, and the change of curvature is determined by the change of gradient magnetic.
Wire netting in described step 2 is 2mm ~ 15mm apart from the distance of curved surface diapire, and wire netting can adopt single or multiple lift wire netting to superpose, and the thickness of wire netting is 0.1mm ~ 1mm.
Film stream above wire netting in described step 3 is stable and uniform flowing, and its thickness is 1mm ~ 5mm.
The liquid metal lithium of flowing is used for the highest lower divertor region of magnetic confinement fusion heap thermal load, flow along tokamak pole to.Liquid lithium flows in tilted-putted open trough, and the material of open trough adopts low activation ferritic steel or vanadium alloy.In the current technology also not having selfreparing insulating coating, therefore on cell wall, do not use any insulating coating.Obtain the curved surface film streaming system with flow stability that can adapt to Arbitrary Gradient changes of magnetic field by following technical solution:
Step one: by the balance analysis of liquid metal film stream magnetic fluid flowing, finds the relation between geomagnetic field intensity and angle of inclination under film stream steady flow condition.Adapting to the change of magnetic field intensity by changing the angle of inclination of working as mulch film stream, making film stream be in steady flow condition.So-called steady flow refers to that the flow velocity of film stream and thickness all do not change with the increase of flow distance.
Step 2: from step one, because the angle of inclination of film stream changes with the change of magnetic field intensity, therefore film stream flows along curved surface diapire.If the Curvature varying of curved surface diapire is larger, can bring how guarantee liquid metal flows along the diapire that Curvature varying is larger, by ensureing that film stream flows along the diapire of Curvature varying apart from the method for diapire a distance fixing metal net, also can prevent the sputtering of liquid metal simultaneously.
Step 3: the flow velocity size needed according to heat exchange, the size of design and adjustment metal mesh opening and the distance of distance diapire thereof obtain liquid metal film stream flowing stable above wire netting.The swabbing action of metal mesh opening ensure that liquid film stream can cover the surface of whole wire netting simultaneously.
(1) liquid metal lithium flows in the open trough of bottom wall width 1m, its inlet film thickness and flow velocity are respectively 4.8mm and 2.4785m/s, when film stream is in steady flow condition in this case, film stream angle of inclination and the relation when geomagnetic field intensity are as shown in Figure 1, result shows that magnetic field intensity its angle of inclination larger theta is less, wherein theta is the angle of the tangential of diapire and gravity direction, as shown in Figure 3.The above results shows that magnetic field intensity increases the inhibition increase of Lorentz force, and therefore need the component increasing gravity streamwise to be in balance flow state to make film stream, namely theta diminishes increases the component of gravity streamwise.
(2) under Arbitrary Gradient magnetic field can being obtained according to the relation curve in Fig. 1, how should regulate when the angle of inclination of mulch film stream is in steady flow condition to make film stream, what kind of curved surface diapire shape namely should be adopted to adapt to the change of gradient magnetic with the hydromagnetic instability of controlling diaphragm stream.For given rate of change with flow distance reduce gradient magnetic field distribution, its angle of inclination with flow distance change as shown in Figure 2.It is that the liquid lithium film stream that 0.5m magnetic field intensity is linearly reduced to 0T by 5T flows that Fig. 3 gives for flow distance, should adopt to recessed curved surface diapire shape to adapt to the change of this gradient magnetic, as shown in Figure 3; In order to ensure that liquid metal lithium is along the flowing of curved surface diapire, apart from curved surface diapire a distance fixing metal net, as shown in red line in Fig. 3, supposes that inlet film thickness is H
0, then can by regulating the distance H of different flowing distance wire netting and diapire
sand the size of this place's metal mesh opening obtains film stream flowing stable on wire netting.It is that the liquid lithium film stream that 0.5m magnetic field intensity linearly increases to 5T by 0T flows that Fig. 4 gives for flow distance, convex curved surface diapire shape and wire netting can be adopted to control and regulate its flowing to obtain the curved surface film streaming system of steady flow.
(3) in order to verify the validity of the method, applicant has carried out relevant experimental study on the new fluent metal loop of Xinan Nuclear Physics Research Academy.Fig. 5 gives the curved surface film stream experimental section of band wire netting, and this film stream flows in gradient magnetic, is securing wire netting apart from curved surface diapire a distance, to test the validity of its controlling diaphragm stream magnetic fluid flowing.Should how to regulate the distance of wire netting and curved surface diapire to flow to obtain stable liquid metal film stream under predicting corresponding experiment condition by relevant theory calculate, with the design of guiding experiment section, result of calculation as shown in Figure 6.Fig. 7 gives relevant experimental result, result shows to be only 1.9T because magnetic field intensity is maximum in experiment, and liquid metal is gallium-indium-tin alloy, point force rate lithium of its streamwise gravity is large many, therefore the serious hydromagnetic instability such as film stream accumulation does not occur.If but there is no the control of wire netting, occur that liquid metal can not be close to the flowing of curved surface diapire and can not cover the phenomenon of diapire completely, as shown in the width figure of the left side in Fig. 7 three, but after adding wire netting, liquid metal can be made to be close to the flowing of curved surface diapire and to ensure that liquid metal can cover diapire completely, simultaneously on wire netting, define stable metal film stream, as shown in right side figure most in Fig. 7, the surperficial smoother of liquid metal film stream above wire netting, and flowing is stable.
Claims (4)
1. set up a method for the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: find the relation when geomagnetic field intensity and angle of inclination under liquid metal film stream steady flow condition, the change of gradient magnetic is adapted to by changing the local angle of inclination of film stream difference flowing distance, control the hydromagnetic instability caused by strong magnetic field gradient, namely adopt the shape of curved surface diapire to adapt to the change of strong magnetic field gradient;
Step 2: the method utilizing fixing metal net above curved surface diapire, ensures that liquid metal flows along the curved surface diapire that Curvature varying is larger;
Step 3: by regulating the size of different flowing distance metal mesh opening and obtaining film stream flowing stable on wire netting apart from the distance of curved surface diapire.
2. the method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the curved surface diapire curvature in described step one is continually varying, and the change of curvature is determined by the change of gradient magnetic.
3. the method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wire netting in described step 2 is 2mm ~ 15mm apart from the distance of curved surface diapire, wire netting can adopt single or multiple lift wire netting to superpose, and the thickness of wire netting is 0.1mm ~ 1mm.
4. the method setting up the liquid leaven facial mask streaming system of fusion reactor divertor flow stability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the film stream above the wire netting in described step 3 is stable and uniform flowing, and its thickness is 1mm ~ 5mm.
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Cited By (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108206060A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of structure for forming the uniform and stable lithium film stream of large area |
| CN108257682A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of liquid lithium film flow structure that bottom wall is completely covered |
| CN108269622A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of passive cooled tockmark device feeble field side the first wall component |
| CN109887617A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of cold divertor module of finger-type helium and its manufacturing method |
| CN111261364A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation method of flexible magnetic film |
| CN111816328A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 中国科学院大学 | Liquid divertor and method for improving spreading characteristics of surface membrane flow of liquid divertor |
| CN113012825A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Method for determining potential discharge waveform of snowflake divertor |
| CN113284634A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-20 | 四川大学 | Liquid lithium stream surface flow guide structure |
| CN114582527A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-06-03 | 西南交通大学 | Divertor for quasi-ring symmetric star simulator and design method thereof |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108206060A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of structure for forming the uniform and stable lithium film stream of large area |
| CN108257682A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of liquid lithium film flow structure that bottom wall is completely covered |
| CN108269622A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of passive cooled tockmark device feeble field side the first wall component |
| CN111261364A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation method of flexible magnetic film |
| CN111261364B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2021-12-28 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation method of flexible magnetic film |
| CN109887617A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of cold divertor module of finger-type helium and its manufacturing method |
| CN109887617B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | Finger-type helium cold divertor module and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113012825A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Method for determining potential discharge waveform of snowflake divertor |
| CN113012825B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-07-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Method for determining potential discharge waveform of snowflake divertor |
| CN111816328A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 中国科学院大学 | Liquid divertor and method for improving spreading characteristics of surface membrane flow of liquid divertor |
| CN113284634A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-20 | 四川大学 | Liquid lithium stream surface flow guide structure |
| CN114582527A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-06-03 | 西南交通大学 | Divertor for quasi-ring symmetric star simulator and design method thereof |
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