CN108922636A - A kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device and method mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device and method mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering Download PDFInfo
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- CN108922636A CN108922636A CN201810472812.4A CN201810472812A CN108922636A CN 108922636 A CN108922636 A CN 108922636A CN 201810472812 A CN201810472812 A CN 201810472812A CN 108922636 A CN108922636 A CN 108922636A
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- lead lithium
- liquid
- spiral nozzle
- tritium
- vacuum
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/115—Tritium recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device and methods for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering, fusion reactor blanket contains tritium high temperature fluent metal lead lithium and injects vacuum tank top through circuit from main pipe, and the mass flowrate of liquid lead lithium is adjusted by the quantity and aperture of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle in adjusting sieve apparatus.Liquid lead lithium is under gravity, centrifugal force and surface tension effects, droplet, which is atomized into, by spiral nozzle falls to vacuum tank lower part, lead lithium droplet is transmitted to surface in dropping process with molecular conformation and enters vacuum, is drawn to tritium processing and the circulatory system by vacuum pump.It mentions the high-temperature liquid state lead lithium for falling into vacuum tank lower part after tritium and enters back into liquid blanket after secondary circuit heat exchange, formation recycles next time.The present invention has that structure is simple, at low cost, mass flowrate is adjustable, tritium-permeation rate is low and mentions the remarkable advantages such as tritium is high-efficient, can effectively solve the problems, such as that fusion reactor liquid metal covering efficiently mentions tritium online.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the efficient On-line testing method and its experimental system of fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering tritium fuel,
Belong to advanced nuclear reactor nuclear fuel research field.
Background technique
Fusion energy is that the mankind permanently solve one of potential effective way of energy problem, International Thermonuclear reaction experiment heap
(ITER) construction and operation are laid a good foundation for construction fusion power demonstration reactor in the future.Fusion reactor high-temperature plasma
High-energy neutron (14.1Mev) caused by deuterium tritium thermonuclear fusion, into heap in towards plasma source components liquid metal be proliferated wrap
Layer occurs nuclear reaction with tritium-breeding material lead lithium in covering and releases huge energy, while being proliferated required for fusion reactor itself
Fuel tritium.Currently, European Union, China, India and U.S. etc. are designing and are researching and developing the advanced fusion based on liquid lead lithium covering
Heap is among development for its online high efficiency extraction tritium fuel technology, it is contemplated that will carry out liquid in the operation later period of ITER
Lead lithium cladding modular (TBM) proposes the experiment of tritium the relevant technologies demonstration and verification online.It is main that tritium method and sieve plate hole liquid are mentioned using bubbling
Permeating method is dripped, bubbling proposes tritium method, and (3~5 atmospheric pressure, helium/hydrogen ratio are 1000 using low pressure helium:1) exist as purge gass
Bubbly flow is formed in bubbler and is exchanged with tritium liquid lead lithium progress isotope is carried, and is carried tritium purge gas and is cooled to by cold-trap
173K, wherein HTO and H2O is separated and collected, then is cooled further to 103K through recuperation and is sent to low temperature molecular sifting bed, and hydrogen is same
Position plain (tritium), nitrogen, oxygen and remaining water are adsorbed, and the purge gass heating after separation enters after purified and recycles next time.In order to
Adsorption efficiency is improved, needs to be arranged two sets of low temperature molecular sifting beds and works alternatively, after the molecular sieve bed of line is saturated, by another set of
Take over work.Restored after the heated desorption of the molecular sieve bed of saturation, desorption gas is through thermometal bed (magnesium), palladium/sliver diffusion
Film separates hydrogen isotope (tritium).Calculated result shows to mention tritium using bubbler exchange and molecular sieve bed separation method
Efficiency can reach 90% or more, but this method system complex, at high cost, need to carry out isotope exchange using purging gas bell,
Liquid lead lithium mass flowrate is difficult to On-line Control.Sieve plate hole drop permeating method is into lead lithium drop by aperture type of sieve plate in vacuum
Middle whereabouts carries tritium lead lithium drop and is transmitted to surface in dropping process with molecular conformation and enters vacuum, is drawn to by vacuum pump
Tritium processing and the circulatory system, proposing tritium efficiency also can reach 90% or more, but the lead lithium droplet size that this method is formed is big, in drop
Tritium be transmitted to surface to enter vacuum time long, need relatively high height of drop, cause vacuum tank volume excessive, and propose tritium effect
Rate is difficult to further increase.Control oneself to meet the tritium fuel of liquid lead lithium covering fusion reactor, high power density nuclear heat in covering
Timely discharge, research and develop that big mass flowrate is adjustable efficiently to propose tritium technology and its experimental system to the research and development of fusion energy extremely online
It is crucial.Based on background above technology, for project of national nature science fund project (51576208) and national magnetic confinement nuclear fusion energy
The mission requirements of developmental research special project project (2013GB113004) research, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：Tritium technology is efficiently proposed online for fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering, provides one
Kind mention the vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device and method of tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering, realize high mass flow rate and
Tritium is efficiently mentioned online, effectively improves tritium cycle efficieny.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of vacuum atomizing spiral shell mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering
Spray nozzle device is revolved, is filled by fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1, liquid lead lithium circuit 2, circuit control valve 3, vacuum tank 4, sieve plate
Set 5, spiral nozzle and control valve array 6, vacuum pump 7, heat exchanger 8, the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ',
First digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10, the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ', liquidometer 11, first pressure transmitter 12, second pressure
Transmitter 12 ', first group of K-type armoured thermocouple, 13, second groups of K-type armoured thermocouples 13 ', third group K-type armoured thermocouple
13 ", vacuum meter 14, data collecting card 15 and computer 16 etc. form.
The main pipe of fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1 couples with liquid lead lithium circuit 2, the outlet in liquid lead lithium circuit 2
End is attached to 4 top of vacuum tank, and circuit control valve 3, the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and first pressure transmitter 12 are installed on
Liquid lead lithium circuit outlet section, 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13 are by being arranged circumferentially in 5 upper end liquid metal lead of sieve apparatus
In lithium；Sieve apparatus 5 is located in vacuum tank 4 at 4/5 height, and spiral nozzle and control valve array 6 are arranged in sieve apparatus 5
In sieve plate hole, wherein spiral nozzle outlet is located at 5 lower end surface of sieve apparatus；Vacuum pump 7 and vacuum meter 14 are connected to vacuum tank
4, liquidometer 11 is located on 4 lower liquid lead lithium liquid level of vacuum tank, and 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13 ' are by circumferential uniformly distributed in true
4 lower inside of slack tank；The outlet of 4 bottom liquid lead lithium of vacuum tank is connected with the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9
Outlet end be connected with 8 arrival end of heat exchanger, the arrival end phase of the outlet end of heat exchanger 8 and the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 '
Connection, the outlet end of the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ' are connected with the main pipe entrance of fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering 1, the second number electricity
Magnetic flowmeter 10 ', second pressure transmitter 12 ' and first group of K-type armouring galvanic couple 13 " are installed on fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering 1
Main pipe entrance；The input terminal of data collecting card 15 is respectively coupled to 6,3 groups of K-type armouring heat of spiral nozzle and control valve array
13,13 ' and 13 ", first groups of pressure transmitters 12 of galvanic couple and second pressure transmitter 12 ', liquidometer 11, vacuum meter 14 and first
Digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ', 15 output end of data collecting card are connected to computer 16.
The specific implementation steps are as follows：
S1：Load tritium high temperature fluent metal lead lithium in fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1 passes through liquid from main pipe outlet
2 outlet section of lead lithium circuit injects 4 top of vacuum tank, adjusts liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, the first digital electromagnetic by circuit control valve 3
Flowmeter 10 shows liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, and first pressure transmitter 12 measures liquid lead lithium pressure；
S2：5 top liquid lead lithium temperature of sieve apparatus is measured by 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' and 13 ", passes through spiral shell
Whirl spraying mouth adjusts the on-off quantity of spiral nozzle and pore size in the sieve plate hole of sieve apparatus 5 with control valve array 6 and adjusts
The mass flowrate of liquid lead lithium, liquid lead lithium generate rotational flow in spiral nozzle, due to the work of centrifugal force and surface tension
With making liquid lead lithium extend to the outside to form thin bell shape liquid film band in exit, the outside horizontal velocity of liquid film band is greater than interior
Side horizontal velocity forms velocity variations to generate the unstable wave of rapid growth, by 1 1/ ω of periodbAfterwards, sufficiently increase
Liquid film band be transformed into liquid film silk, liquid film silk is atomized into lead lithium droplet under the unstable effect of surface tension, and (it is average straight
Diameter is in 0.1~0.01mm).Lead lithium droplet falls to 4 lower part of vacuum tank under gravity and pressure effect, and lead lithium droplet is under
Tritium is transmitted to surface with molecular conformation and enters vacuum during falling, and tritium processing and the circulatory system is drawn to by vacuum pump 7, by liquid
11 display 4 lower liquid lead lithium liquid level of vacuum tank of position meter, second group of K-type armoured thermocouple 13 ' measure 4 lower liquid lead of vacuum tank
Lithium temperature；
S3：It mentions and falls into the liquid lead lithium of 4 lower part of vacuum tank after tritium inflow heat exchanger 8 is driven by the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, with
It is driven into the main pipe of liquid blanket 1 after secondary circuit heat exchange by the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ' again, formation recycles next time, by second
The display of digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ' flows into the mass flowrate of covering main pipe liquid lead lithium, and the measurement of second pressure transmitter 12 ' flows into
The pressure of covering main pipe liquid lead lithium, the measurement of third group K-type armoured thermocouple 13 " flow into the temperature of covering main pipe liquid lead lithium.
S4：Data collecting card 15 in real time acquisition spiral nozzle and control 6,3 groups of K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' of valve array and
13 ", first pressure transmitter 12 and second pressure transmitter 12 ', the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and the second digital electromagnetic stream
Meter 10 ', the digital signal of vacuum meter 14 and liquidometer 11 are sent to computer 16 after transformed and are handled, shown and stored,
It is computer controlled automatic spiral nozzle and control valve battle array for showing the temperature, pressure and mass flowrate parameter of liquid lead lithium
The on-off of column 6 and the size in spiral nozzle aperture provide input parameter.
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 first is that meeting in the step S2
Mass flowrate as defined in fusion reactor blanket liquid lithium lead, using helium gas cooling structure when fusion reactor pair cold coverings, liquid lead lithium is certainly
Cold breeding blanket circulates high power density nuclear heat caused by cooling high-energy neutron nuclear reaction by liquid lead lithium, flow into
Heat exchanger and secondary circuit working medium exchange heat for generating electricity, and sieve plate fills when the reactor that Fusion power is 2.3GW double cold lead lithium coverings
The design parameter for setting 5 sieve plate hole inside spin Jet control valve array 6 is：The internal diameter 16.7m of vacuum tank 4 is highly 2m, sieve plate
The arrangement mode of the sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle array of device 5 is concentric circles setting, and distance is greater than 1cm, edge between adjacent circumferential
Even circumferential arrangement, the center of circle are first spiral nozzle, and the 1st circumference is 6 spiral nozzles, and circumference is every to increase primary, spiral
Nozzle increases by 6, and sieve plate designs 164 circumference altogether, and spiral nozzle sum is up to 2.3 × 106, single spiral nozzle mass flowrateUnFor the flow velocity of lead lithium in spiral nozzle, A is spiral nozzle sectional area, and ρ is liquid lead lithium density, liquid lead lithium
Gross mass flow rate be all the sum of single spiral nozzle mass flowrates to work online.Single spiral nozzle experiment show when
Spiral nozzle outlet diameter is 0.7mm, and liquid lead lithium temperature is 450 DEG C, when lead lithium flow velocity is 3m/s in spiral nozzle, quality stream
Rate adjusts the quality stream of liquid lead lithium by the spiral nozzle control valve of spiral nozzle and control valve array 6 up to 10~13g/s
Rate reaches as high as 2.3 × 104Kg/s is, it can be achieved that the requirement cooled down in real time to liquid lead lithium covering.
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 second is that making liquid in the step S2
State lead lithium generates rotational flow in the spiral nozzle of spiral nozzle and control valve array 6, due to centrifugal force and surface tension
So that lead lithium extends to the outside to form thin bell shape liquid film band in exit, the outside horizontal velocity of liquid film band is greater than inside for effect
Horizontal velocity forms velocity variations to generate the unstable wave of rapid growth, wherein wave number Kb0.4/ δ of ≈, wavelength Xb≈2πδ/
0.4, rapid growth rateWherein, Δ U=(Ut-U0)/2,For the string speed of liquid film, U0
For nozzle exit velocity, δ is that liquid film changes half-breadth, rnFor spiral nozzle exit radius.By 1 1/ ω of periodbAfterwards, sufficiently increase
Long liquid film band is transformed into liquid film silk, and liquid film silk is atomized into lead lithium droplet, diameter under the unstable effect of surface tensionWherein liquid film silk diameterT is bell shape liquid film tape thickness.
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 third is that meeting in the step S2
Fusion reactor blanket liquid lithium lead provides tritium extraction efficiency, i.e. proliferation tritium realizes that reactor fuel is controlled oneself, is greater than 99%, proposes tritium efficiency
ξ (t) is represented by：
Wherein, n is the spiral nozzle quantity to work online, MtTable is transmitted in the lead lithium droplet for swinging whereabouts for tritium
The time coefficient in face, T related to the size of drop, amplitude of fluctuation and height of dropfIt (t) is lead lithium drop fall time, with liquid
Muzzle velocity U of the state lead lithium in sieve plate hole spiral nozzlen(t), the height L of spiral nozzlenThe vacuum height h to fall with dropvPhase
It closes, is represented by：
Movement velocity U of the liquid lead lithium in the spiral nozzle of sieve plate holen(t) with the height of sieve plate top liquid lead lithium, lead
The pressure loss that lithium flows in the spiral nozzle of sieve plate hole is related, is calculated by Bernoulli equation.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that：
(1) it does not need to carry out isotope exchange using purging gas bell, compared with existing sieve plate hole drop permeating method
The lead lithium small drop volume of atomization averagely reduces a magnitude, and vacuum tank volume reduces 80%, and does not influence to mention the high temperature after tritium
Liquid lead lithium and secondary circuit working medium exchange heat, therefore have that structure is simple, at low cost, mass flowrate can reconcile tritium extraction efficiency height etc.
Remarkable advantage can effectively solve the problems, such as that fusion reactor liquid metal covering efficiently mentions tritium；
(2) since high temperature carries major part of the tritium lead lithium before enter heat exchanger and secondary circuit in On-line testing lead lithium
Tritium greatly reduces the tritium infiltrated into secondary circuit working medium, effectively improves tritium cycle efficieny.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be in the present invention fusion reactor liquid metal covering that uses mention online tritium vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device and
Method system schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is sieve plate hole vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle layout drawing in the vacuum sieve apparatus used in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is sieve plate hole vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle schematic diagram in the vacuum sieve apparatus used in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that sieve plate hole vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle and control valve design in the vacuum sieve apparatus used in the present invention
Parameter schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing, in order to explain the technical scheme of the invention in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral shell for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering that the present invention uses
Spray nozzle device is revolved to be filled by fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1, liquid lead lithium circuit 2, circuit control valve 3, vacuum tank 4, sieve plate
Set 5, spiral nozzle and control valve array 6, vacuum pump 7, heat exchanger 8, the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ',
First digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10, the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ', liquidometer 11, first pressure transmitter 12, second pressure
Transmitter 12 ', first group of K-type armoured thermocouple, 13, second groups of K-type armoured thermocouples 13 ', third group K-type armoured thermocouple
13 ", vacuum meter 14, data collecting card 15 and computer 16 form.
The main pipe of fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1 is connected with liquid lead lithium circuit 2, and liquid lead lithium circuit 2 goes out
Mouth end is attached to 4 top of vacuum tank, and circuit control valve 3, the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and first pressure transmitter 12 are installed
In liquid lead lithium circuit outlet section, 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' and 13 " are by being arranged circumferentially in 5 upper end of sieve apparatus
In liquid metal lead lithium；Sieve apparatus 5 is located in vacuum tank 4 at 4/5 height, and spiral nozzle is being sieved with the control setting of valve array 6
In the sieve plate hole of panel assembly 5, as shown in Figure 2；Vacuum pump 7 and vacuum meter 14 are connected to vacuum tank 4, and liquidometer 11 is located at vacuum tank
On 4 lower liquid lead lithium liquid levels, 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' and 13 ' are by circumferential uniformly distributed in 4 lower part of vacuum tank
Side；4 bottom liquid lead lithium of vacuum tank outlet is connected with the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, the outlet end of the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 with change
Hot 8 arrival end of device is connected, and the outlet end of heat exchanger 8 is connected with the arrival end of the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ', the second high-temperature electric
The outlet end of magnetic pumping 9 ' is connected with the main pipe entrance of fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering 1, the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ',
Two pressure transmitters 12 ' and third group K-type armouring galvanic couple 13 " are installed on the main pipe entrance of fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering 1；Number
According to the input terminal of capture card 15 be respectively coupled to spiral nozzle and control 6,3 groups of K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' of valve array and
13 ", pressure transmitter 12 and 12 ', liquidometer 11, vacuum meter 14 and the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and the second digital electromagnetic stream
Meter 10 ', 15 output end of data collecting card are connected to computer 16.
The specific implementation steps are as follows：
S1：Load tritium high temperature fluent metal lead lithium in fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering 1 passes through lead lithium from main pipe outlet
4 top of vacuum tank is injected in 2 outlet end of circuit, adjusts liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, the first digital electromagnetic flow by circuit control valve 3
10 display liquid lead lithium mass flowrate of meter, first pressure transmitter 12 measure liquid lead lithium pressure；
S2：5 top liquid lead lithium temperature of sieve apparatus is measured by 3 K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' and 13 ".Pass through spiral shell
Whirl spraying mouth and control valve array 6 adjust on-off quantity and the pore size of sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle to adjust the matter of liquid lead lithium
It measures flow rate (shown in Fig. 4).Liquid lead lithium generates rotational flow in spiral nozzle, since the effect of centrifugal force and surface tension makes
It obtains lead lithium to extend to the outside to form thin bell shape liquid film band in exit, the outside horizontal velocity of liquid film band is greater than the horizontal speed in inside
Degree forms velocity variations to generate the unstable wave of rapid growth, by 1 1/ ω of periodbAfterwards, the liquid film band sufficiently increased
Be transformed into liquid film silk, liquid film silk is atomized into lead lithium droplet under the unstable effect of surface tension, average diameter 0.1~
0.01mm (shown in Fig. 3).Lead lithium droplet falls to 4 lower part of vacuum tank under gravity and pressure effect, and lead lithium droplet is under
Tritium is transmitted to surface with molecular conformation and enters vacuum during falling, and tritium processing and the circulatory system is drawn to by vacuum pump 7, by liquid
11 display 4 lower liquid lead lithium liquid level of vacuum tank of position meter, third group K-type armoured thermocouple 13 ' measure 4 lower liquid lead of vacuum tank
Lithium temperature；
S3：It mentions and falls into the liquid lead lithium of 4 lower part of vacuum tank after tritium inflow heat exchanger 8 is driven by the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9, with
1 main pipe of liquid blanket is driven by the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping 9 ' again after secondary circuit heat exchange, formation recycles next time, by the second number
The display of word electromagnetic flowmeter 10 ' flows into covering main pipe liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, and the measurement of second pressure transmitter 12 ' flows into covering
The pressure of main pipe liquid lead lithium, the measurement of third group K-type armoured thermocouple 13 " flow into the temperature of covering main pipe liquid lead lithium；
S4：Data collecting card 15 in real time acquisition spiral nozzle and control 6,3 groups of K-type armoured thermocouples 13,13 ' of valve array and
13 ", first pressure transmitter 12 and second pressure transmitter 12 ', the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and the second digital electromagnetic stream
Meter 10 ', the digital signal of vacuum meter 14 and liquidometer 11 are sent to computer 16 after transformed and are handled, shown and stored,
It is computer controlled automatic spiral nozzle and control valve battle array for showing the temperature, pressure and mass flowrate parameter of liquid lead lithium
The on-off of column and the size of spiral nozzle provide input parameter.
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 first is that meeting in the step S2
Mass flowrate as defined in fusion reactor blanket liquid lithium lead, using helium gas cooling structure when fusion reactor pair cold coverings, liquid lead lithium is certainly
Cold breeding blanket circulates high power density nuclear heat caused by cooling high-energy neutron nuclear reaction by liquid lead lithium, flow into
Heat exchanger exchanges heat with secondary circuit working medium for generating electricity.As shown in Fig. 2, the double cold lead lithium packets of reactor that Fusion power is 2.3GW
When layer, sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle and control 6 design parameter of valve array of sieve apparatus 5 are：The internal diameter 16.7m of vacuum tank 4 is high
Degree is 2m, and the arrangement mode of sieve plate hole spiral nozzle array is concentric circles setting, and distance is greater than 1cm between adjacent circumferential, along circle
Week is evenly arranged, and the center of circle is first spiral nozzle, and the 1st circumference is 6 spiral nozzles, and circumference is every to increase primary, spiral spray
Mouth increases by 6, and sieve plate designs 164 circumference altogether, and spiral nozzle sum is up to 2.3 × 106, single spiral nozzle mass flowrateUnFor the flow velocity of lead lithium in spiral nozzle, A is spiral nozzle sectional area, and ρ is liquid lead lithium density, liquid lead lithium
Gross mass flow rate be all the sum of single spiral nozzle mass flowrates to work online.Single spiral nozzle experiment show when
Spiral nozzle diameter is 0.7mm, and liquid lead lithium temperature is 450 DEG C, when lead lithium flow velocity is 3m/s in spiral nozzle, mass flowrate
Up to 10~13g/s, the mass flowrate of liquid lead lithium is adjusted by sieve plate spiral nozzle control valve, reach as high as 2.3 ×
104Kg/s is, it can be achieved that the requirement cooled down in real time to liquid lead lithium covering.
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 second is that making liquid in the step S2
State lead lithium generates rotational flow in spiral nozzle, since the effect of centrifugal force and surface tension is so that lead lithium is outside in exit
Extension forms thin bell shape liquid film band, the outside horizontal velocity of liquid film band be greater than inside horizontal velocity formed velocity variations to
The unstable wave of rapid growth is generated, wherein wave number Kb0.4/ δ of ≈, wavelength Xb2 δ/0.4 π ≈, rapid growth rate
Wherein, Δ U=(Ut-U0)/2,For the string speed of liquid film, U0For nozzle exit velocity, δ turns for liquid film
Become half-breadth, rnFor spiral nozzle exit radius.By 1 1/ ω of periodbAfterwards, the liquid film band sufficiently increased is transformed into liquid film silk, liquid
Film wire is atomized into lead lithium droplet, diameter under the unstable effect of surface tensionWherein
Liquid film silk diameterT is bell shape liquid film tape thickness (shown in Fig. 3).
The sieve plate hole inside spin nozzle of sieve apparatus 5 is with the function of control valve array 6 third is that meeting in the step S2
The tritium extraction efficiency of fusion reactor blanket liquid lithium lead defined, i.e. proliferation tritium realize that reactor fuel is controlled oneself, and are greater than 99%, mention tritium
Efficiency ξ (t) is represented by：
Wherein, n is the spiral nozzle quantity to work online, MtTable is transmitted in the lead lithium droplet for swinging whereabouts for tritium
The time coefficient in face, related to the size of drop, amplitude of fluctuation and height of drop (experiment measurement shows that 450 DEG C of liquid lead lithiums are small
Tritium transmission coefficient M in droptAbout 3.4 × 10-7m2/ s, 300 times bigger than tritium diffusion coefficient or more), TfIt (t) is lead lithium droplet
Fall time, with liquid lead lithium sieve plate hole spiral nozzle muzzle velocity Un(t), the height L of spiral nozzlenIt falls with drop
Vacuum height hvCorrelation is represented by：
Movement velocity U of the liquid lead lithium in the spiral nozzle of sieve plate holen(t) with the height of sieve plate top liquid lead lithium, lead
The pressure loss that lithium flows in the spiral nozzle of sieve plate hole is related, is calculated by Bernoulli equation.
Although describing specific implementation method of the invention above, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these
It is merely illustrative of, under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and realization, numerous variations can be made to these embodiments
Or modification, therefore, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle device for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering, which is characterized in that packet
It includes：Fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering (1), liquid lead lithium circuit (2), circuit control valve (3), vacuum tank (4), sieve apparatus
(5), spiral nozzle and control valve array (6), vacuum pump (7), heat exchanger (8), the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9), the second high temperature
Electromagnetic pump (9 '), the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10), the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10 '), liquidometer (11), first pressure
Transmitter (12), second pressure transmitter (12 '), first group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13), second group of K-type armoured thermocouple
(13 '), third group K-type armoured thermocouple (13 "), vacuum meter (14), data collecting card (15) and computer (16)；Fusion reactor liquid
The main pipe of state metallic lead lithium covering (1) couples with liquid lead lithium circuit (2) entrance, and liquid lead lithium circuit (2) outlet is attached to true
Slack tank (4) top, circuit control valve (3), the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10) and first pressure transmitter (12) are installed on liquid
State lead lithium circuit outlet section, 3 K-type armoured thermocouples of first group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13) are by being arranged circumferentially in sieve
In the liquid metal lead lithium that panel assembly (5) upper end is flowed by liquid lead lithium circuit (2)；Sieve apparatus (5) is located at vacuum tank (4)
Interior, spiral nozzle and control valve array (6) are installed in each sieve plate hole in sieve apparatus (5), spiral nozzle and control valve
The spiral nozzle outlet of array (6) is located at sieve apparatus (5) bottom end face；Vacuum pump (7) and vacuum meter (14) are connected to vacuum
Tank (4), liquidometer (11) are located on vacuum tank (4) lower liquid lead lithium liquid level, and 3 of second group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13 ')
K-type armoured thermocouple is by circumferential uniformly distributed in vacuum tank (4) lower inside；Vacuum tank (4) lower liquid lead lithium outlet and the
One high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9) is connected, and the outlet end of the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9) is connected with heat exchanger (8) arrival end, and heat is handed over
The outlet end of parallel operation (8) is connected with the arrival end of the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9 '), the outlet end of the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9 ')
It is connected with the main pipe entrance of fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering (1), the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10 '), second pressure pick-up
Device (12 ') and third group K-type armouring galvanic couple (13 ") are installed on the main pipe entrance of fusion reactor liquid lead lithium covering (1)；Data are adopted
The input terminal of truck (15) is respectively coupled to spiral nozzle and control valve array (6), first group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13), the
Two groups of K-type armoured thermocouples (13 ') and third group K-type armoured thermocouple (13 "), first pressure transmitter (12) and second pressure
Transmitter (12 '), liquidometer (11), vacuum meter (14) and the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10) and the second digital electromagnetic flow
It counts (10 '), data collecting card (15) output end is connected to computer (16).
2. a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that：The sieve apparatus (5) is circle, is located at the 4/5 of vacuum tank (4) height, and sieve apparatus (5) is straight
Diameter is the internal diameter of vacuum tank (4), the vacuum with a thickness of 28cm, between lower end surface and vacuum tank (4) lower liquid lead lithium liquid level
Height hvFor lead lithium droplet drop.
3. a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that：Spiral nozzle is installed in the sieve plate hole of sieve apparatus (5) and control valve array (6) is used for spraying liquid
Lead lithium droplet, the spiral nozzle and the arrangement mode for controlling spiral nozzle and the control valve array in valve array (6) are
Circumferentially evenly distributed, to avoid collision merging and tritium re-absorption between adjacent drops, distance is not small between adjoining spiral nozzle
Distance is greater than 1cm between 1cm, adjacent circumferential；Sieve plate hole height in sieve apparatus (5) is 28cm, and entrance hole diameter is
4.6mm away from 2cm installation spiral nozzle at the top of sieve apparatus (5) and controls the control valve of valve array (6), control clear valve diameter 0~
Between 4.6mm, it can be adjusted by spiral nozzle and control valve array (6)；The spiral shell of sieve plate hole lower end setting in sieve apparatus (5)
Rotation jet expansion is located at sieve apparatus (5) lower end surface, and spiral nozzle outlet end height is no less than 2mm, aperture 0.7mm；Spiral
The height that nozzle and the control valve of control valve array (6) are exported to spiral nozzle outlet end is greater than 20cm, and helical angle takes optimal value
It is 67 °, the sieve plate hole and spiral nozzle inner wall wall roughness in sieve apparatus (5) are 1~2 μm.
4. a kind of vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that：Liquid lead lithium undergoes three at lead lithium droplet through spiral nozzle and control valve array (6) vacuum atomizing
Process, first process are to form bell shape lead lithium liquid film band in jet expansion, and second process is to form liquid film by liquid film band
Silk, third process is that lead lithium droplet is atomized by liquid film silk；According to vacuum tank (4) lower liquid lead lithium liquid level position, that is, small
The vacuum height h that drop fallsv, liquid lead lithium mass flowrate and it is preset propose tritium efficiency, pass through spiral nozzle and control valve
Array (6) can control the on-off in each sieve plate hole in sieve apparatus (5) respectively, the size of spiral nozzle entrance hole diameter, with
The lead lithium mass flowrate for adapting to fusion reactor liquid metal covering (1), which can reconcile, efficiently proposes tritium target.
5. a kind of utilize the vacuum atomizing spiral nozzle for mentioning tritium online for fusion reactor liquid metal covering described in claim 1
The method of device progress vacuum atomizing, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step S1：Load tritium high temperature fluent metal lead lithium in fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering (1) passes through lead from main pipe outlet
Lithium circuit (2) outlet section injects vacuum tank (4) top, adjusts liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, the first number by circuit control valve (3)
Electromagnetic flowmeter (10) shows liquid lead lithium mass flowrate, and first pressure transmitter (12) measures liquid lead lithium pressure；
Step S2：Sieve apparatus (5) top liquid is measured by three K-type armoured thermocouples of first group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13)
State lead lithium temperature, by spiral nozzle and control valve array (6) adjust sieve apparatus (5) in spiral nozzle quantity and aperture come
Adjust liquid lead lithium mass flowrate and atomized drop size, liquid lead lithium under gravity, centrifugal force and surface tension effects,
Be atomized into droplet by spiral nozzle and fall to vacuum tank (4) lower part, lead lithium droplet in dropping process tritium with molecule shape
State is transmitted to surface and enters vacuum, is drawn to tritium processing and the circulatory system by vacuum pump (7), shows vacuum by liquidometer (11)
Three K-type armoured thermocouples of tank (4) lower liquid lead lithium liquid level, second group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13 ') measure vacuum tank
(4) lower liquid lead lithium temperature；
Step S3：The liquid lead lithium of vacuum tank (4) lower part is fallen by the driving inflow heat exchange of the first high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9) after mentioning tritium
Fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering (1) is driven by the second high-temperature electric magnetic pumping (9 ') again after device (8), with secondary circuit heat exchange
Main pipe, formation recycle next time, are shown by the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10 ') and flow into fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering
(1) the liquid lead lithium mass flowrate of main pipe, second pressure transmitter (12 ') measurement flow into fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium covering
(1) pressure of the liquid lead lithium of main pipe, third group K-type armoured thermocouple (13 ") measurement flow into fusion reactor liquid metal lead lithium
The temperature of the liquid lead lithium of the main pipe of covering (1)；
Step S4：Data collecting card (15) acquires spiral nozzle and control valve array (6), first group of K-type armoured thermocouple in real time
(13), second group of K-type armoured thermocouple (13 ') and third group K-type armoured thermocouple (13 "), first pressure transmitter (12) and
Second pressure transmitter (12 '), the first digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10) and the second digital electromagnetic flowmeter (10 '), liquidometer
(11) and the digital signal of vacuum meter (14) it, is sent after transformed to computer (16) and is handled, shown and stored, for showing
Temperature, pressure and the mass flowrate parameter of liquid lead lithium are computer controlled automatic spiral nozzle and the control for controlling valve array (6)
Valve on-off processed and spiral nozzle pore size provide input parameter.
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| CN111916226A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-11-10 | 华南理工大学 | System and method for simulating tritium cycle of magnetic confinement fusion reactor |
| CN112999869A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-22 | 中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院 | Device and method for continuously extracting tritium from fusion reactor liquid metal lithium-lead alloy |
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| CN111916226A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-11-10 | 华南理工大学 | System and method for simulating tritium cycle of magnetic confinement fusion reactor |
| CN112999869A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-22 | 中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院 | Device and method for continuously extracting tritium from fusion reactor liquid metal lithium-lead alloy |
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