CN104750920B - A kind of analogue system and method being imaged to atural object - Google Patents
A kind of analogue system and method being imaged to atural object Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of system and method emulated by radar response characteristic.The system includes：Terrestrial object information collects unit, and information unit, scattering unit changes parameters unit, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, authentication unit, three-dimensional display unit；This method includes：Terrestrial object information collects step, and information step scatters step, changes parameter step, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, verification step, Three-dimensional Display step.By the system and method for the modeling, the degree of accuracy to atural object information emulator and simplicity are improved, it is ensured that complexity is reduced while precision, and cartographic feature and relevant information are intuitively shown by 3-D technology, is interacted to facilitate with user.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analogue system and method being imaged to atural object.
Background technology
Radar is, by transmitting radio wave, to receive the reflected signal of target to be detected, collect various target informations
And the technology of other characteristic informations.Radar can be applied to many-side, wherein radar remote sensing, and also referred to as microwave remote sensing is in 20 generation
Record the remote sensing technology that the grows up sixties, due to multidate, round-the-clock characteristic, being widely used.
Radar is widely used in each field, the collection of such as terrestrial object information.For ease of studying, in various natures typically
Thing can be abstracted into specific geometry.The further investigation of the radar response characteristic of various objects, is to obtain accurately letter
Number key.But the degree of accuracy to atural object information emulator and simplicity how are improved, and output cartographic feature and user enter
Row interaction, is a great problem.
The content of the invention
When observing atural object study of surfaces forest cover using microwave remote sensing, it has been found that trunk, branch etc. can be taken out
As being one of important means in being widely used in studying complex object morphological modeling into dielectric cylinder.It is dielectric
Collision matrix contains all information of object scatter characteristic, and the scattering properties of the accurate dielectric solid for obtaining rule, is to build
Found correct microwave remote sensing model and carry out the basis of inverting research.The purpose of the present invention is to be for prior art not
Foot, proposes a kind of accurate emulation mode for calculating atural object in radar response, improves the degree of accuracy and letter to atural object information emulator
Just property, it is ensured that reduce complexity while precision, and by 3-D technology intuitively show map image and relevant information, with side
Just interacted with user.
Invent the technical scheme used as follows：
Analogue system and method that a kind of optical sensor is imaged to atural object, the characteristic responded for atural object to radar and calculation
Method is modeled, and different situations are obtained by the change of the radius to different incident angles, wavelength and dielectric cylinder
The scattering coefficient of lower dielectric cylinder, ground-to-ground thing imaging is emulated very well.
A kind of analogue system being imaged to atural object, the system includes：Terrestrial object information collects unit, and information unit dissipates
Unit is penetrated, changes parameters unit, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, authentication unit, three-dimensional display unit；
The terrestrial object information collects unit, including collection atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object are measured, atural object
Elevation, atural object positional information；
The atural object abstraction unit, is abstracted into different geometries by atural object and represents；
The scattering properties of dielectric cylinder in the scattering unit, computational geometry shape, obtains collision matrix；
Whereinb 0I、a 0II、a nI、b nI、a nIIWithb nIIFor scattering coefficient,b 0I、a 0IIFor initial value,iRepresent imaginary part,nRepresent to draw
The number divided, Θ=π-φ,φThe direction of in-field is defined as, is forward scattering plane as Θ=0, is back scattering during Θ=π
Plane；
The parameter change unit, including angulation change unit, wavelength shift unit, radius change unit；
SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, simulation obtains the scattering coefficient of different parameters；
The authentication unit, result of each parameter to forward, backward scattering coefficient is obtained by checking；
Three-dimensional display unit, the website frame of 3 D stereo is set up using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML
Structure, including information are reported and interactive module, system information are carried out to report immediately there is provided user's interactive information is handed over, and defeated
Go out cartographic feature, the three-dimensional display unit calculates the measure of variation of cartographic featureP：
Wherein,N v For cartographic feature subsetvIn pixel,red(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value red
Component,green(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value green component,blue(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q )
The blue component of pixel value,qTo index,PFor in cartographic featurexFrom a pixel to the average water of next pixel on direction
Flat color change.It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, wherein the parameter includes different radii, different wave length, difference
Angle.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object represents to include inciting somebody to action wherein atural object is abstracted into different geometries
The trunk of vegetation is abstracted into dielectric cylinder.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, wherein the scattering coefficienta nI 、b nI 、a nII Withb nII For：
WhereinA n ,B n ,C n ,D n ,V n ,W n For the coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of endless Uniform pillars,mIt is cylinder
Relative to the relative index of refraction of surrounding medium,ξIt is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder,,X=ka, EnWithHnTable
Show electric field and the magnetic field of electromagnetic field,En(η) andE´n(η) beηFunction,HnWithH / nIt isξFunction,kRepresent the ripple in vacuum
Number, and,aRepresent cylinder radius.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the change parameters unit changes the value of radius and drawn differentkaVentrocephalad, backscattering coefficient, draw image, whereinkThe wave number in vacuum is represented, and,aRepresent cylinder radius.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the wavelength shift unit and radius change unit change wavelength and
Radius, wherein, when radius is 0.005 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.25 to 25；
When radius is 0.01 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.5 to 50；When radius is 0.015
Meter Shi, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.75 to 75；When radius is 0.02 meter, wavelength is
0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, obtainkaValue be 1 to 100.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the angulation change unit changes differentξAngle value：30 degree, 55
Spend and 90 degree,ξRepresent the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the authentication unit, withkaIncrease, obtain forward, backward dissipate
Penetrate coefficient and converge on stationary value, wherein for forward scattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, forward scattering coefficient was along with vibrating
Cheng Zeng great；For backscattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, backscattering coefficient fluctuates above and below certain value, and fluctuating range is gradually
Diminish and finally go to zero, last backscattering coefficient converges on certain value.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the fluctuation of the scattering coefficient be due to containing Bessel functions and
Trigonometric function, the fluctuation of Bessel functions causes scattering coefficient to fluctuate.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, when the radius reduces, the fluctuation ratio of forward scattering coefficient dissipates backward
Penetrate coefficient gentle, during the radius increase, the fluctuation ratio forward scattering coefficient of backscattering coefficient is gentle.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, during the incidence angle increase, the convergency value of backscattering coefficient can subtract
It is small, the convergency value increase of forward scattering coefficient.
It is preferred that, the analogue system being imaged to atural object, the dielectric cylinder, the change of all scattering coefficient superpositions is turned to
10.A kind of emulation mode being imaged to atural object, this method includes：Terrestrial object information collects step, information step, scattering step
Suddenly, parameter step, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, verification step, Three-dimensional Display step are changed；
The terrestrial object information collects step, including collection atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object are measured, atural object
Elevation, atural object positional information；
The abstract step of atural object, is abstracted into different geometries by atural object and represents；
The scattering properties of dielectric cylinder in the scattering step, computational geometry shape, obtains collision matrix,
Whereinb 0I、a 0II、a nI、b nI、a nIIWithb nIIFor scattering coefficient,b 0I、a 0IIFor initial value,iRepresent imaginary part,nRepresent
The number of division, Θ=π-φ,φThe direction of in-field is defined as, is forward scattering plane as Θ=0, is dissipated during Θ=π to be backward
Penetrate plane；
The parameter change step, including angulation change step, wavelength shift step, radius change step；
SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, simulates the scattering coefficient of different parameters；
The verification step, result of each parameter to forward, backward scattering coefficient is obtained by checking；
Three-dimensional Display step, the website frame of 3 D stereo is set up using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML
Structure, including information are reported and interactive module, system information are carried out to report immediately there is provided user's interactive information is handed over, and defeated
Go out cartographic feature, the three-dimensional display unit calculates the measure of variation of cartographic featureP：
Wherein,N v For cartographic feature subsetvIn pixel,red(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value red
Component,green(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value green component,blue(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q )
The blue component of pixel value,qTo index,PFor in cartographic featurexFrom a pixel to the average water of next pixel on direction
Flat color change.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, wherein the parameter includes different radii, different wave length, different angles
Degree.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object represents to include inciting somebody to action wherein atural object is abstracted into different geometries
The trunk of vegetation is abstracted into dielectric cylinder.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, wherein the scattering coefficienta nI 、b nI 、a nII Withb nII For：
WhereinA n ,B n ,C n ,D n ,V n ,W n For the coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of endless Uniform pillars,mIt is cylinder
Relative to the relative index of refraction of surrounding medium,ξIt is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder,,X=ka, EnWithHnTable
Show electric field and the magnetic field of electromagnetic field,En(η) andE´n(η) beηFunction,HnWithH / nIt isξFunction,kRepresent the ripple in vacuum
Number, and,aRepresent cylinder radius.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the change parameters unit changes the value of radius and drawn differentkaVentrocephalad, backscattering coefficient, draw image, whereinkThe wave number in vacuum is represented, and,aRepresent cylinder radius.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the wavelength shift unit and radius change unit change wavelength and
Radius, wherein, when radius is 0.005 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.25 to 25；
When radius is 0.01 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.5 to 50；When radius is 0.015
Meter Shi, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.75 to 75；When radius is 0.02 meter, wavelength is
0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, obtainkaValue be 1 to 100.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the angulation change unit changes differentξAngle value：30 degree, 55
Spend and 90 degree,ξRepresent the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the verification step, withkaIncrease, obtain forward, backward dissipate
Penetrate coefficient and converge on stationary value, wherein for forward scattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, forward scattering coefficient was along with vibrating
Cheng Zeng great；For backscattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, backscattering coefficient fluctuates above and below certain value, and fluctuating range is gradually
Diminish and finally go to zero, last backscattering coefficient converges on certain value.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the fluctuation of the scattering coefficient be due to containing Bessel functions and
Trigonometric function, the fluctuation of Bessel functions causes scattering coefficient to fluctuate.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, when institute's radius reduces, the fluctuation ratio of forward scattering coefficient is backward
Scattering coefficient is gentle, and during the radius increase, the fluctuation ratio forward scattering coefficient of backscattering coefficient is gentle.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, during the incidence angle increase, the convergency value of backscattering coefficient can subtract
It is small, the convergency value increase of forward scattering coefficient.
It is preferred that, the emulation mode being imaged to atural object, the dielectric cylinder, the change of all scattering coefficient superpositions is turned to
10。
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is further detailed explanation：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the analogue system that optical sensor is imaged to atural object；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for the emulation mode that optical sensor is imaged to atural object.
Embodiment
The receiving power Pr of radar can regard as：Emission system transmission path（From emission system to target）, transmit road
Footpath（From target to reception system）, the coefficient result of reception system is expressed as：
Each variable-definition of this equation is as follows：
P t ：Transimission power, unit watt
G t ：The antenna transmission gain of target direction
L t ：The decay factor of emission system
L r ：The decay factor of reception system
r t ：Transmit the distance between antenna and target
σ：RCS
L mt ,L mr ：The mathematical factor for allowing transmission medium to decay
r：The distance between target and reception antenna
G r ：Gain of the reception antenna in target direction
λ0：Radar wavelength
L p ：The polarization decay factor
Assuming that the transmission path between target and reception system is lossless, while in order that σ withrIt is unrelated, orderrTend to
Infinity, now：
Wherein,E s 、H s It is scattering field,E i 、H i It is in-field, scattered field is defined as the difference of resultant field and in-field.
The RCS of any object is determined by the incidence angle of incident radar signal in addition to spheroid.Bag
The RCS for including all objects including spheroid is all the function of the angle of receiver.θ,φIt is defined as the side of in-field
To,θ ’ ,φ’It is the direction of scattered field.Whenθ=θ’,φ=φ’When be referred to as back scattering.Whenθ’=π-θ,φ’=φBefore being referred to as during+π
To scattering.We are reduced to RCS for convenience when RCS is calculated：
In this formulaF(θ,φ；θ’,φ’)Referred to as Amplitude function,k 0 The referred to as wave number of free spacek 0 =2π/
λ0。
It is total to dissipate because the total scattering power level per unit in-field is obtained by integrations of the σ on all celestial body angles
Penetrate section σTFor：
For perfect conductor or lossless dielectric object,σ T It is the multiple of forward scattering amplitude function imaginary part, is expressed as follows：
It is hereby achieved that, forward scattering section can be several times of backscattering cross.If two same big
Small protrusion absorber and conductor, the backscattering cross of absorber can several orders of magnitude lower than conductor, but their height
Frequency forward scattering section is the same.For big convex spheric conductor, high frequency forward scattering section increases with the increase of frequency
Plus, but HF backscatter section does not change with frequency shift.For the vertical incidence of complete conductive flat metal plate, it
Forward-backward algorithm scattering section be the same.
For plane electromagnetic wave, electric field intensity direction is vertical with the direction of propagation.If this direction is invariable
And electric field completely in a plane, we then claim electromagnetic field to be linear polarization.If direction is with the time with constant
Speed change is then referred to as elliptic polarization.Circular polarisation is the special circumstances of elliptic polarization.If the direction of propagation along ripple is seenEField arrow
Amount direction changes clockwise is then referred to as right circle or right elliptic polarization, if what is changed counterclockwise is then referred to as left circle or left ellipse
Circular polarisation.The right circle of electric field or left circular polarisation are usedE R WithE L Represent.They are crossed fields, thereforeE R ·E L =0.Elliptic polarization can be with
It is expressed as the combination of two positive circular polarisation.
Linear polarization is decomposed into the combination of two cross polarizations by we, for example, be decomposed into horizontal and vertical polarization, usesE ‖,E ┻Represent.The unit vector of Z axis and the in-field direction of propagation determines a plane, if E in this plane, and this polarization claims
For horizontal polarization；E this vertical plane are then referred to as vertical polarization.Target is located at the center of coordinate system, the main shaft of target or its spy
Different axis points to Z axis.If target does not have a main shaft, such as spherical object, then Z axis can use any direction.If E are any polarization
, it can be written as：E= E ‖+E ┻= E ┻┻+E ‖ ‖eiδ.Wherein ┻ × ‖=K0, K0It is the unit vector of the direction of propagation, δ is E‖
It is ahead of E┻Time phase angle.If δ=0, ripple is linear polarization.It is elliptic polarization when δ is other values；IfE ‖=E ┻, and cos δ=0, then ripple is positive circular polarisation.If δ orE ‖/ E ┻It is not time qualitative function really, then ripple is not " complete
Complete polarization ".Any ripple non-fully polarized is referred to as " partial polarization ", and it can be expressed as a perfact polarization ripple and one
The sum of random polarized wave.
Any polarized electric fieldETwo circular polarisation sum can be written as, wherein, Ψ isE L It is ahead ofE R Time domain phase angle：
For right circularly polarised waveE R Following formula is represented by, whereinE= E ┻= E ‖：
For left circularly polarised waveE L It is represented by following formula, wherein E=E┻= E‖：
It can be defined from above-mentioned two equation：
Clearly：
Relation between them can be represented with matrix：
What is be associated with electric field also has magnetic field, and magnetic field can be determined by Maxwell equations.One it is linear, passive, reciprocal,
Plane wave in homogeneous medium, its magnetic field size is associated with electric field level by the impedance of medium, or can be expressed as：
.The direction in magnetic field is vertical with direction of an electric field again vertical with the direction of propagation.
For many objects, the polarization of scattered field and in-field is differed.This phenomenon is referred to as " depolarizing "
Or " cross polarization ".We are made a search object with full-reflector.Assuming that a plane wave is incident on semi-infinite long with random angle θ
Perfect conductor thin slice.Plane wave may have two kinds of polarization, i.e. parallel polarization and vertical polarization.From boundary condition it can be seen that：Hanging down
E in the case of straight┻ s=-E┻ i, under parallel condition, H|| s= H|| i.Therefore, a fully reflective device is with following mode reflecting linear
Polarization：It is still parallel polarization after parallel-polarized electric field reflection, is still vertical polarization after the electric field reflection of vertical polarization, but
The 180 degree that has been phase angle change.Right circular polarisation, which is can be seen that, from the relation of linear polarization and circular polarisation becomes left circle after reflection
Polarization, left circular polarisation becomes right circular polarisation after reflection.
Radar cross section is to determine that σ is a scalar by the ratio between scattering electric field and incident electric fields.It is horizontal in order to release radar
Section is to the dependence of polarization radar, and it is very necessary σ to be defined as the tensor of a connection scattered field and in-field.After scattering
Energy density can be expressed as：
Wherein,It is second order or secondary tensor, Re represents vector imaginary part.The tensor mark of radar cross section be used for it is non-it is each to
Same sex dielectric is very convenient.Radar cross section is more represented with collision matrix in other cases.If one
Individual any polarized wave is incident in a target, and the scattered field of object is represented by：
aijIt is plural number, subscript 1,2 represents two orthogonally polarized components, they are write as matrix form and is more convenient：
Wherein
aijThere are amplitude and phase angle, therefore
Matrix element can be associated with scattering section：
Collision matrix includes the information of all scattering properties of target.For a specific frequency, by target and hair
Penetrate-reception system sets direction, if s-matrix is completely accurate, for any possible transmitting and the polarization of reception system
Combination can all calculate its corresponding radar cross section.In turn, if both known about to the radar cross section in the case of several groups of polarization, square
Battle array S can be now uniquely determined.
One of which determines that matrix S method is exactly the amplitude and phase angle for measuring each element.Another method introduces phase
Measurement to phase angle, phase angle φ11Propose matrix：
After such Factorization, generally need to solve 5 amounts in the case of 7 amounts of solution, single station, for metal
Or single station scattering of uniform insulation body only need to calculate three amounts.Relative phase angle is easier than absolute phase angle to be surveyed because they are not targets
The function of distance.
Once collision matrix S is determined, then the polarization situation the need for reflected signal energy can be made maximum just can be from
Found in Mikulski theory：If S*S product is determined, then polarization is exactly by S*What S characteristic vector was determined.
In radar application, dielectric constant is used for describing scattering properties of the scattering object to radar wave, and imaginary part represents decay, and
The conductivity of object is relevant, and the bigger object of water content, attenuation is bigger, and the penetration capacity of radar wave is just smaller.
Dielectric constant is relevant with electric polarization.Electropolarized three basic process is：（1）The distortion pole of extranuclear electron cloud
Change；（2）The relative displacement polarization of negative ions in molecule；（3）The steering polarization of the intrinsic electric moment of molecule.In extraneous electric field action
Under, the relative dielectric constant ε of medium is the macroscopic physical quantity for synthetically reflecting these three microprocesses, and it is the function of ε of frequency
(ω).Only when frequency is 0 or very low frequency, three kinds of microprocesses are involved in effect, and permittivity ε (0) at this moment is for one
It is a constant for fixed dielectric.Learnt by experiment, with the increase of frequency, the steering polarization of the intrinsic electric moment of molecule is gradually
The change in outfield is lagged behind, at this moment dielectric constant takes plural form：ε(ω)=ε/（ω）-iε//(ω), wherein imaginary part ε//(ω) generation
Table dielectric loss, real part ε/(ω) declines with the increase of frequency, while peak value occurs in imaginary part.Frequency is further added by, real part ε/(ω)
It is down to new steady state value, and imaginary part ε//(ω) is then changed into 0；This steering polarization for having reacted the intrinsic electric moment of molecule has been completed, no longer
Respond.When frequency, which enters the vibration frequency of negative ions electric moment and outfield in infrared region, molecule, to resonate, real part ε/
(ω) first increase suddenly, suddenly declines immediately；While ε//There is peak value again in (ω).Cross after this, the displacement polarization of negative ions
Also do not work.In visible region, the only distortion of electron cloud is contributed to polarization, and at this moment real part takes smaller value, is referred to as
Optical dielectric constant, is denoted as ε∞, imaginary part is corresponding to light absorbs.In fact, optical dielectric constant slightly increases with the increase of frequency
Plus, referred to as normal dispersion.Near some optical frequency frequencies, real part ε/(ω) first increase suddenly declines immediately suddenly, sloping portion
Referred to as anomalous dispersion；At the same time there is very big peak value in imaginary part, and this corresponds to the RESONANCE ABSORPTION of electron transition, according to the electricity of light
Magnetic wave is theoretical, and medium square is equal to relative dielectric constant to the refractive index n's of light.The real part ε of complex dielectric permittivity/(ω) and imaginary part
ε//(ω) is not separate but interknited.
The collision matrix of object contains all scattering properties of object, thus to obtain the scattering properties of object only need meter
Calculate its collision matrix.
The analogue system being imaged to atural object, including：Terrestrial object information collects unit, and information unit, scattering unit changes
Parameters unit, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, authentication unit, three-dimensional display unit；The terrestrial object information collects unit, including collects
Atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object are measured, atural object elevation, atural object positional information；The atural object abstraction unit, will
Atural object is abstracted into different geometries and represented；The scattering of dielectric cylinder in the scattering unit, computational geometry shape is special
Property, obtain collision matrix；The parameter change unit, including angulation change unit, wavelength shift unit, radius change unit；
SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, simulation obtains the scattering coefficient of different parameters；The authentication unit, each parameter pair is obtained by checking
The result of forward, backward scattering coefficient；Three-dimensional display unit, is set up using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML
The web site architecture of 3 D stereo, including information are reported and interactive module, and report immediately is carried out to system information, and there is provided hand over user
Interactive information, and output cartographic feature, the three-dimensional display unit calculate the measure of variation of cartographic featureP。
The emulation mode being imaged to atural object, this method includes：Terrestrial object information collects step, information step, scattering step
Suddenly, parameter step, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, verification step, Three-dimensional Display step are changed；The terrestrial object information collects step,
Measured including collecting atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object, atural object elevation, atural object positional information；The atural object is taken out
As step, atural object is abstracted into different geometries and represented；Dielectric cylinder in the scattering step, computational geometry shape
Scattering properties, obtain collision matrix；The parameter change step, including angulation change step, wavelength shift step, radius change
Become step；SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, simulates the scattering coefficient of different parameters；The verification step, each ginseng is obtained by checking
Several results to forward, backward scattering coefficient；Three-dimensional Display step, using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML
The web site architecture of 3 D stereo is set up, including information is reported and interactive module, system information report immediately to be made there is provided friendship
User's interactive information, and output cartographic feature, the three-dimensional display unit calculate the measure of variation of cartographic featureP。
First, cylinder vector is definedM n WithN n , it is considered to the infinitely long cylinder that radius is, incidence wave is uniform plane ripple, its direction of propagation is,ξIt is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder.Incidence wave has two kinds
Possible polarization：Electric field polarization parallel x-z-plane, the vertical x-z-plane of electric field polarization.
When the parallel x-z-plane of incident electric fields.Incident electric fields are expanded as：, wherein A n ,B n For nothing
Coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of limit for length's Uniform pillars.Scattered field is：
, wherein：。
When the vertical x-z-plane of incident electric fields.Now incident electric fields are expanded to：, it is incident magnetic
Curvature.Scattered field is：, wherein：
。
Consider r= aThe boundary condition at place, can draw scattering coefficienta nI 、b nI 、a nII Withb nII For：
WhereinA n ,B n ,C n ,D n ,V n ,W n For the coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of endless Uniform pillars,mIt is cylinder
Relative to the relative index of refraction of surrounding medium,ξIt is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder,,X=ka, EnWithHnTable
Show electric field and the magnetic field of electromagnetic field,En(η) andE´n(η) beηFunction,HnWithH / nIt isξFunction,kRepresent the ripple in vacuum
Number, and,aRepresent cylinder radius.And have：
.When incidence wave is perpendicular to cylinder,b nII Disappear
Lose,。
Collision matrix is sought on basis herein, and in-field is written as：
Scattered field is made up of the component of parallel and vertical φ planes.
According to this method, we obtain collision matrix and are：
Whereinb 0I、a 0II、a nI、b nI、a nIIWithb nIIFor scattering coefficient,b 0I、a 0IIFor initial value,iRepresent imaginary part,nRepresent to draw
The number divided, Θ=π-φ,φThe direction of in-field is defined as, is forward scattering plane as Θ=0, is back scattering during Θ=π
Plane；Based on the above, we are using the mathematical approach and its property of Bessel functions come solved function value.
We according to the algorithm of our above-mentioned emulation, change the parameter of various influence scatterings, to obtain difference in an experiment
Result, so as to study influence of each parameter to forward, backward scattering coefficient.Change the value of radius in an experiment, draw difference
Forward, backward scattering coefficient, whereinkThe wave number in vacuum is represented, and, aRepresent cylinder radius,ξBe incidence wave and
The angle of axis of a cylinder.
Each parameter of table 1 is to the influence to forward, backward scattering coefficient
Change the parameters in such as table 1, we can obtain, withKIncrease, forward, backward scattering coefficient all receives
Hold back in stationary value.For forward scattering coefficient, withKaIncrease, forward scattering coefficient in general increases, but in
Between have oscillatory process.For backscattering coefficient, withKaIncrease, backscattering coefficient near a certain value up and down fluctuate,
Fluctuating range, which is tapered into, finally to go to zero, and last backscattering coefficient also converges on a certain value.The fluctuation of scattering coefficient be by
In wherein containing Bessel functions and trigonometric function, Bessel functions are fluctuations, and its variation tendency is very complicated, therefore causes
Scattering coefficient is also fluctuation.
As the radius increases, scattering coefficient withKFluctuation tend towards stability.And when radius is smaller, forward scattering system
Several fluctuation ratio backscattering coefficients is gentle；When radius is larger, the fluctuation ratio forward scattering coefficient of backscattering coefficient is gentle.
When incidence angle increases, the convergency value of backscattering coefficient can be slightly reduced, and the convergency value of forward scattering coefficient is slightly
There is increase.For single dielectric cylinder, influence of the incidence angle to scattering coefficient is very small, but if research is planted
By when, the change of all scattering coefficients superposition, which just will be obvious that, to be come, but changes also not too large, is 10 or so.
We also export cartographic feature and relevant information using Three-dimensional Display, using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling
Language VRML sets up the web site architecture of 3 D stereo, including information is reported and interactive module, and system information is reported immediately,
There is provided and hand over user's interactive information, and output cartographic feature, the measure of variation of the three-dimensional display unit calculating cartographic featureP：
Wherein,N v For cartographic feature subsetvIn pixel,red(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value red
Component,green(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value green component,blue(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q )
The blue component of pixel value,qTo index,PFor in cartographic featurexFrom a pixel to the average water of next pixel on direction
Flat color change.
The simulator and method being imaged by the present invention to atural object, calculate collision matrix and scattering system, obtain incidence
Wavelength change makesKaChange, whenKaIncrease scattering coefficient is gradually restrained, and changes the parameters such as radius, incidence angle to change scattering
The convergency value of coefficient, and using the measure of variation of three-dimensional display unit calculating cartographic featurePTo export cartographic feature and related letter
Breath, can ground-to-ground thing be emulated very well.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without
For limiting the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, the various equivalent form of values of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
Modification fall within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of analogue system being imaged to atural object, it is characterised in that the system includes：Terrestrial object information collects unit, and information is taken out
As unit, scattering unit, parameter change unit, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, authentication unit, three-dimensional display unit；
The terrestrial object information collects unit, including collection atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object are measured, atural object is high
Journey, atural object positional information；
The atural object abstraction unit, is abstracted into different geometries by atural object and represents；
The scattering properties of dielectric cylinder in the scattering unit, computational geometry shape, obtains collision matrix；
Whereina nI、b nI、a nIIWithb nIIFor scattering coefficient,b 0I、a 0IIFor the initial value of scattering coefficient,iRepresent imaginary part,nRepresent to draw
The number divided, Θ=π-φ,φThe direction of in-field is defined as, is forward scattering plane as Θ=0, is back scattering during Θ=π
Plane；
The parameter change unit, including angulation change unit, wavelength shift unit, radius change unit；
SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient elements, simulation obtains the scattering coefficient of different parameters；
The authentication unit, result of each parameter to forward, backward scattering coefficient is obtained by checking；
Three-dimensional display unit, the web site architecture of 3 D stereo is set up using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML,
Reported including information and interactive module, report immediately is carried out to system information, and there is provided hand over user's interactive information, and output ground
Object image, the three-dimensional display unit calculates the measure of variation of cartographic featureP：
,
Wherein,N v For cartographic feature subsetvIn pixel,red(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value red component,green(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value green component,blue(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value
Blue component,qTo index,PFor in cartographic featurexFrom a pixel to the average horizontal color of next pixel on direction
Change.
2. the analogue system according to claim 1 being imaged to atural object, wherein the scattering coefficienta nI 、b nI 、a nII Withb nII
For：
WhereinA n ,B n ,C n ,D n ,V n ,W n For the coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of endless Uniform pillars,mIt is
Cylinder is relative to the relative index of refraction of surrounding medium, and ξ is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder, x=ka, En and Hn represent electric field and the magnetic field of electromagnetic field, and En (η) and E ' n (η) they are η function, Hn (ξ) and H/N (ξ) is ξ letter
Number, k represents the wave number in vacuum, and, a represents cylinder radius.
3. the analogue system being imaged to atural object according to claim 1 to 2 any claim, the parameter change list
Member, changes the value of cylinder radius and draws different ka ventrocephalads, backscattering coefficient, draw image, wherein k is represented in vacuum
Wave number, and, a represents cylinder radius.
4. the analogue system according to claim 3 being imaged to atural object, the wavelength shift unit and radius change unit
Change wavelength and cylinder radius, wherein, when cylinder radius is 0.005 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.25 to 25；When cylinder radius is 0.01 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be
0.5 to 50；When cylinder radius is 0.015 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue arrive for 0.75
75；When cylinder radius is 0.02 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 1 to 100；The angle
Degree changes unit and changes differentξAngle value：30 degree, 55 degree and 90 degree,ξRepresent the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder；The checking
Unit, withkaIncrease, obtain forward, backward scattering coefficient and converge on stationary value, wherein for forward scattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, forward scattering coefficient increases along with oscillatory process；For backscattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, it is backward to dissipate
Penetrate coefficient to fluctuate above and below certain value, fluctuating range, which is tapered into, finally to go to zero, and last backscattering coefficient converges on certain value.
5. the analogue system according to claim 4 being imaged to atural object, the fluctuation of the scattering coefficient be due to containing
Bessel functions and trigonometric function, the fluctuation of Bessel functions cause scattering coefficient to fluctuate；When the cylinder radius reduces, forward direction
The fluctuation ratio backscattering coefficient of scattering coefficient is gentle, during the cylinder radius increase, before the fluctuation ratio of backscattering coefficient to
Scattering coefficient is gentle；During the incidence angle increase, the convergency value of backscattering coefficient can reduce, the convergency value of forward scattering coefficient
Increase.
6. a kind of emulation mode being imaged to atural object, it is characterised in that this method includes：Terrestrial object information collects step, and information is taken out
As step, step, parameter change step, SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, verification step, Three-dimensional Display step are scattered；
The terrestrial object information collects step, including collection atural object shape, atural object size, atural object color, atural object are measured, atural object is high
Journey, atural object positional information；
The abstract step of atural object, is abstracted into different geometries by atural object and represents；
The scattering properties of dielectric cylinder in the scattering step, computational geometry shape, obtains collision matrix,
Whereina nI、b nI、a nIIWithb nIIFor scattering coefficient,b 0I、a 0IIFor the initial value of scattering coefficient,iRepresent imaginary part,nRepresent to draw
The number divided, Θ=π-φ,φThe direction of in-field is defined as, is forward scattering plane as Θ=0, is back scattering during Θ=π
Plane；
The parameter change step, including angulation change step, wavelength shift step, radius change step；
SIMULATED SCATTERING coefficient step, simulates the scattering coefficient of different parameters；
The verification step, result of each parameter to forward, backward scattering coefficient is obtained by checking；
Three-dimensional Display step, the web site architecture of 3 D stereo is set up using three-dimensional modeling X3D technologies, three-dimensional modeling language VRML,
Reported including information and interactive module, report immediately is carried out to system information, and there is provided hand over user's interactive information, and output ground
Object image, the three-dimensional display unit calculates the measure of variation of cartographic featureP：
Wherein,N v For cartographic feature subsetvIn pixel,red(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value red component,green(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value green component,blue(x q ,y q ) be coordinate for (x q ,y q ) pixel value
Blue component,qTo index,PFor in cartographic featurexFrom a pixel to the average horizontal color of next pixel on direction
Change.
7. the emulation mode according to claim 6 being imaged to atural object, wherein the scattering coefficienta nI 、b nI 、a nII Withb nII
For：
Wherein An, Bn, Cn, Dn, Vn, WnFor the coefficient in the accurate solution of the vertical incidence of endless Uniform pillars, m is cylinder phase
For the relative index of refraction of surrounding medium, ξ is the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder, x=ka, En
Electric field and the magnetic field of electromagnetic field are represented with Hn, En (η) and E ' n (η) are η function, Hn (ξ) and H/N (ξ) is ξ function, k tables
Show the wave number in vacuum, and, a represents cylinder radius.
8. the emulation mode being imaged to atural object according to claim 6 to 7 any claim, the parameter change step
Suddenly, change the value of cylinder radius and draw differentkaVentrocephalad, backscattering coefficient, draw image, whereinkRepresent true
Aerial wave number, and, a represents cylinder radius.
9. the emulation mode according to claim 8 being imaged to atural object, the wavelength shift step and radius change step
Change wavelength and cylinder radius, wherein, when cylinder radius is 0.005 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 0.25 to 25；When cylinder radius is 0.01 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be
0.5 to 50；When cylinder radius is 0.015 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue arrive for 0.75
75；When cylinder radius is 0.02 meter, wavelength is 0.001256 meter to 0.1256 meter, is obtainedkaValue be 1 to 100；The angle
Degree changes step and changes differentξAngle value：30 degree, 55 degree and 90 degree,ξRepresent the angle of incidence wave and axis of a cylinder；The checking
Unit, withkaIncrease, obtain forward, backward scattering coefficient and converge on stationary value, wherein for forward scattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, forward scattering coefficient increases along with oscillatory process；For backscattering coefficient, withkaIncrease, it is backward to dissipate
Penetrate coefficient to fluctuate above and below certain value, fluctuating range, which is tapered into, finally to go to zero, and last backscattering coefficient converges on certain value.
10. the emulation mode according to claim 9 being imaged to atural object, the fluctuation of the scattering coefficient be due to containing
Bessel functions and trigonometric function, the fluctuation of Bessel functions cause scattering coefficient to fluctuate；When the cylinder radius reduces, forward direction
The fluctuation ratio backscattering coefficient of scattering coefficient is gentle, during the cylinder radius increase, before the fluctuation ratio of backscattering coefficient to
Scattering coefficient is gentle；During the incidence angle increase, the convergency value of backscattering coefficient can reduce, the convergency value of forward scattering coefficient
Increase.
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| CN103593669A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Method for decomposing image four components of polarization synthetic aperture radar |
| CN103616686A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-05 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Optimal phase-position estimating method for complete polarization interferometric synthetic aperture radar image based on mixed mode |
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| CN103593669A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Method for decomposing image four components of polarization synthetic aperture radar |
| CN103616686A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-05 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Optimal phase-position estimating method for complete polarization interferometric synthetic aperture radar image based on mixed mode |
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