CN104748902A - Brake power testing method of large kinetic energy brake device - Google Patents
Brake power testing method of large kinetic energy brake device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- VUFNLQXQSDUXKB-DOFZRALJSA-N 2-[4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butanoyloxy]ethyl (5z,8z,11z,14z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 VUFNLQXQSDUXKB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
The invention relates to a brake power testing method of a large kinetic energy brake device. At present, the once brake absorbing kinetic energy of a carbon brake device of a large aircraft can reach up to 85MJ, 105MJ and 125MJ, and the output energy of an existing inertia platform cannot completely meet the requirements of a testing schedule. The invention aims to provide the brake power testing method of the large kinetic energy brake device. According to the method provided by the invention, a carbon brake disk is arranged in the middle of the brake device in a national multi-disk type brake device, and a plurality of static discs (4) and moving discs (3) are arranged alternately, and the requirement that the kinetic energy of the AS inertia platform can be absorbed by a primary brake device of either a machine wheel or a main wheel can be reduced by reducing the method of a new technology of reasonably reducing the amount of friction surfaces under the condition of keeping the QF (Quality Factor) of the kinetic energy absorbed by a unit friction surface constant; furthermore, a method of testing the brake power of the brake device of a national airplane with large kinetic energy can be realized, and the phenomenon of locking either airplane wheels or a main wheel can be prevented in the test.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of test method of aircraft charcoal brake gear in bench test when the energy that braking effort testing table provides can not meet test program energy requirement, specially refer to the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system.
Two, background technology
The type such as Air Passenger A320, A319, A321 and Boeing B757, B767 of current China Civil Aviation aircraft used mainly import, import multi rack is again large-scale in recent years A330, A340 etc.In recent years, China obtained significant progress in the production domesticization of civil aircraft charcoal dish, and all carbon brake discs of aircraft substitute import in production domesticization and get along with, and the dynamic test of brake gear is the means of the major diagnostic performance before installation is taken a flight test in development process.Along with the fast development of Chinese Aviation Transportation industry, fleet scale constantly expands, and in the urgent need to the maintenance service adapted with it, and carbon/carbon brake disc is an important Awaiting Parts, is in great demand.According to the regulation of CAAC to domestic of airplane in transportation category charcoal dish change (refill-unit) certification, for ensureing domestic the requirement meeting relevant airworthiness regulation and meeting the request for utilization of aircraft expection, need domestic to compare test with original manufacturer exemplar, these tests need to implement on inertia platform and mensuration.Test desired data has load, energy, braking action speed, brake deceleration rate, once brake to absorb kinetic energy etc.; Self-evident, once brake absorbs kinetic energy is one of important parameter.At present, China only has two inertia platforms having obtained the accreditation of aiMonhiness authority of CAAC can bear this type of test, wherein one in Guilin chemical industry special tyre Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, another is in Xinping, Shaanxi 514 factory, generally how to carry out on the HJDS-II type inertia platform of Guilin, this is because its maximum capacity is generally no more than 85MJ (MJ is the unit of energy million Jiao), B757 can be met, the type charcoal dish contrast test requirements such as A320, testing power department is also test, power department can notify that the commercial power of surrounding area will be rationed the power supply before the test.But for some large aircraft charcoal brake gears, type as large in A321, A330, A340 etc., its absorption kinetic energy that once brakes is up to 85MJ, 105MJ, 125MJ.Fund needed for the expend energy of inertia platform is too many, and enterprise does not afford to do, and belongs to specialized equipment again.Along with economy great development, believe the inertia platform realizing expend energy in the future, but cannot complete within the quite a long period at present.Abroad instance only has the enterprise of minority developed country such as the U.S., Britain, France to have macro-energy inertia platform, and they are that a complete set of undercarriage is tested together with wheel, closer to aircraft flight actual conditions, but never receive the test of external product.
Therefore, existing inertia platform exports energy can not meet test program requirement completely, constrains the development of large-scale civil aircraft carbon/carbon brake disc production domesticization within the long duration, there is the demand that will improve inertia platform and export energy or expand inertia platform output energy range.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system.The large-scale civil aircraft carbon/carbon brake disc of production domesticization is so that in aircraft charcoal brake gear bench test process, when test program energy requirement all can not be met when the ceiling capacity that braking effort testing table provides, make test smooth by Energy Simulation and realize satisfactory results, the problem that before solving, domestic ultrasonic energy cannot be tested, and the large-scale civil aircraft carbon/carbon brake disc simultaneously solving production domesticization in test usually occurs that wheel locking causes stopping the problem of experimental phenomena.
The thinking of the technology of the present invention solution and explanation of nouns:
1, the thinking of the technology of the present invention solution: the technician at testing field of the present invention can only perform by test program regulation, and equipment is too huge, cannot solve renewal.For the assembly ground inertia test table completing the airplane carbon brake disc of macro-energy on the inertia platform of energy shortage is tested, be the imagination that I company project technician proposes on the basis of abundant research aircraft wheel brake apparatus design theory, and prove its feasibility and correctness in practice.According to the endergonic computing formula of brake gear in wheel (or main wheel) design:
A
s=N
t× F
h× Q
fformula (1)
In formula: A
s--
wheel (or main wheel)the energy of a brake gear absorption
N
tthe quantity of-rubbing surface
F
hthe friction area of-single carbon dish workplace
Q
fthe kinetic energy that-unit rubbing surface absorbs
As can be seen from design formula: Q
f× F
hbe the working area that kinetic energy that unit rubbing surface absorbs is multiplied by rubbing surface be the kinetic energy that a rubbing surface absorbs, be exactly total then be multiplied by rubbing surface quantity brake gear absorption energy; Also can draw the relation that the energy that brake gear absorbs is directly proportional to the quantity of rubbing surface simultaneously; From " Q
f-unit rubbing surface absorbs kinetic energy ", according to multiple-disc brake apparatus structure feature, the kinetic energy that aircraft (or inertia platform) once brakes to be provided is absorbed by each fricting couple piece (Moving plate and quiet dish) forming heat reservoir respectively.Adopt the detection technique means of the large-scale civil aircraft carbon/carbon brake disc of production domesticization under minimizing friction member condition whether feasible? the required problem solved of present invention applicant that Here it is.
2, the explanation of nouns of the technology of the present invention solution: in order to unified described technical term, better understand content of the present invention in detail, in the face of some concepts of the industry are necessary to carry out setting forth and defining.
1, " test program ": its concrete title: " xxx type airplane carbon brake disc assembly ground inertia test table tests outline ", all corresponding test program of aircraft of each model, the test program content of different model aircraft is substantially identical, and parameter is different.Its source is by development carbon brake disc enterprise, formulates according to the regulatory documents such as country, CAAC's relevant laws and regulations, regulations, and implements after reporting CAAC to ratify.Related specifications file as CAAC comprises: " AC-25-AA-2008-02 airplane in transportation category carbon brake disc refill-unit certification accordance method "; " TSO-C135 airplane in transportation category wheel and wheel brake "; " HB/Z126-88 Inspection Aircraft Wheels design guidelines " etc.Test outline when determining this model aircraft carbon brake disc assembly ground inertia test table, its content comprises: scope, reference document, pilot project, testing requirements, test method, testing equipment and test record, test explanation etc.
2, " airplane wheel and brake gear ": airplane wheel is made up of hub unit and brake gear, airplane wheel and tire form main wheel, and main wheel together form aircraft takeoffs and landings system jointly with undercarriage again.The one-piece construction as shown in Figure 1 of brake gear wherein, be used to brake flange is installed, produce brake torque in brake pressure value by the mutual friction between brake flange, the friction force produced by tire and ground makes aircraft and stopping (see accompanying drawing 1).
3, " carbon/carbon brake disc and heat reservoir ": carbon/carbon brake disc (also claiming " charcoal dish ") is in the form of annular discs, is contained in the middle of brake gear, is staggered by several quiet dishes, Moving plate, and its effect produces brake torque, absorbs brake kinetic energy.For typical charcoal brake gear, usually by mutual charcoal disc assembly to rubbing or be called carbon brake disc assembly and be called heat reservoir, during work, kinetic energy is converted to heat energy, therefore is called heat reservoir; Heat reservoir forms brake gear (see accompanying drawing 1 one-piece construction) together with its annex, and a pair fricting couple piece (charcoal dish) of phase mutual friction is called a rubbing surface (see accompanying drawing 2).
4, " brake gear bench test and braking effort testing table ": in aircraft brake system R&D process, bench test refers to the ground experiment project closest to service condition, it adopts assembly in kind as subjects, the experiment on stand " inertia platform "; The whole process of this simulation test is exactly bench test.The service-simulated conditions of bench test is tested on brake gear dynamic test stand (technician in the industry is usually referred to as " inertia platform "), and applicant's is that the HJDS-II type inertia test table of Guilin chemical industry special tyre Quality Supervision and Inspection Center is tested.To select the reliability of brake gear under Rational structure, test design data and actual operating conditions.During experiment, inertia platform simulated aircraft, under landing operation condition, brakes by brake machine wheel, to absorb aircraft landing kinetic energy and to make its overall process stopped of slowing down, in order to identify the operating characteristic of Inspection Aircraft Wheels, brake and automatic Anti-skid System, " inertia platform " is tested its principle and is seen shown in accompanying drawing 4.
Hub wheel kinetic energy E
b=J
dω
2formula (2)
In formula: E
b-hub wheel kinetic energy, J
d-hub wheel inertia, ω-angular velocity
Can be found out by formula, when ω mono-timing, change J
dkinetic energy can be changed export, thus realize kinetic energy adjustment.But no matter adopt which kind of type (plane simulation or electric analogy) inertia platform, its maximum kinetic energy that may provide has a definite limitation.Under normal circumstances, when testing table provides ceiling capacity to require lower than test program, then test cannot be carried out.Absorb except once braking except kinetic energy, the runway on hub wheel 8 (as shown in Figure 4) the Reality simulation ground on inertia platform, and a wheel of testing table aircraft main wheel 9 simulated aircraft, the pressure giving a wheel is the pressure of one of them that the whole aircraft weight of simulation all gives several aircraft main wheels 9 all, if A330 type take-off weight is 238 tons, all give 8 groups aircraft main wheels 9, each group aircraft main wheel 9 bears the weight of 1/8, and this is that most is representational.
Simulation test parameter also has wheel load, brake speed, brake pressure, efficiency test number of times etc.Analog reslt can be determined according to test objective, for the requirement of brake gear rubbing characteristics, brake pressure-brake torque, brake pressure-braking distance family curve and brake pressure-friction factor, brake pressure-mean deceleration rate family curve etc. under different condition at least should be drawn.
5, " brake machine wheel locking ": in reality in the sliding race process of aircraft landing, because the effect between brake main wheel and runway produces motion-impeding moment, when the moment of brake gear brake is greater than motion-impeding moment, main wheel will slow down until shut down, now tyre slip, wheel locking, also there will be this situation when braking effort is tested.Require that main wheel should not occur locking phenomenon in practice, when aircraft landing is braked, once ASR fault can produce wheel braking locking, now, this main wheel does not roll, and occurs tread flaking fault, and this out of order main wheel tire will drag quick-fried.
Also wheel locking phenomenon is had in experiment, but never can locking, a locking is equivalent to drag tire.Necessarily avoid main wheel locking (we staff blurts out and also claims " wheel locking " sometimes) in test, once main wheel locking, test has also been got less than the required whole parameter of brake flange performance, and experiment cannot complete.Aircraft, when alightinging run really, controls brake pressure by electronic anti-breaking device, makes brake torque be less than the impede motion moment of the effect generation between brake main wheel and runway, ensures that main wheel tire and ground are often in rolling friction braking state.
Technical solution of the present invention: in order to describe the problem, can contrast accompanying drawing reference, number in the figure is placed in bracket.
The braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system, the braking effort test method of the large kinetic energy home-built aircraft brake gear when the kinetic energy that the kinetic energy that inertia platform provides can not meet test program defined requires, it is characterized in that: in domestic multiple-disc brake device, carbon/carbon brake disc is contained in the middle of brake gear, by several quiet dishes (4), Moving plate (3) is staggered, by mutual charcoal disc assembly to rubbing or be called carbon brake disc assembly and be called heat reservoir (1), during heat reservoir (1) work, kinetic energy is converted to heat energy, heat reservoir (1) and its annex form brake gear together, a pair fricting couple piece or a pair charcoal dish of phase mutual friction are called a rubbing surface, each fricting couple piece is structurally completely the same, absorb energy also identical, keep each chip technology consistency of performance of carbon dish, the endergonic computing formula of brake gear: A in rubbing characteristics and wheel or main wheel design
s=N
t× F
h× Q
fformula (1), in formula (1): A
s--the energy that wheel or main wheel brake gear absorb, N
tthe quantity of-rubbing surface, F
hthe friction area of-single carbon dish workplace, Q
fthe kinetic energy that-unit rubbing surface absorbs, in maintenance unit, rubbing surface absorbs kinetic energy Q
fwhen constant, by rationally reducing rubbing surface quantity N
tmethod, reduce the energy A that wheel or main wheel brake gear absorb
sthe requirement of inertia platform kinetic energy, realizes the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy home-built aircraft brake gear and avoids occurring in test the phenomenon of wheel or main wheel locking.
Technical solution of the present invention also comprises:
The braking effort test method of described large kinetic energy aircraft brake system, it is characterized in that: when only having the domestic multi-disc type carbon/carbon brake disc of checking to be consistent with external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature, could use domestic, in domestic multiple-disc brake device, keep unit rubbing surface to absorb kinetic energy Q
fconstant is the necessary condition of Energy Simulation, " multi-disc type " refers to: the Moving plate (3) be alternately arranged and quiet dish (4) total add up to 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 or 19, Moving plate (3) sum is than many 1 of quiet dish (4) sum, on inertia platform in experiment, along with the increase of pressure, test is proceeded after removing a pair Moving plate (3) and quiet dish (4) successively respectively, namely remove a pair Moving plate (3) successively respectively and quiet dish (4) has lacked two rubbing surfaces afterwards, namely the method by suitably reducing sample brake gear rubbing surface quantity reduces the requirement of bench test brake kinetic energy, ensure that main wheel tire and ground are often in rolling friction braking state, till test all can be able to continue under the condition at each spot pressure.
The braking effort test method of described large kinetic energy aircraft brake system, it is characterized in that: for A330 type Airbus Aircraft carbon brake disc lightweight packages be 62 kilograms/cover, have (3-1), (3-2), (3-3), (3-4), (3-5) totally 5 Moving plates in Moving plate (3); Have (4-1), (4-2), (4-3), (4-4) totally 4 quiet dishes in quiet dish (4), general Moving plate (3) sum is than many 1 of quiet dish (4) sum; The left side of Moving plate (3-1) is compression plate (2), the right side of Moving plate (3-5) is bearing disc (5), totally 9 sound dishes are alternately arranged, namely assembly by above-mentioned compression plate (2), Moving plate (3), quiet dish (4), bearing disc (5) totally 11 arrangements form brake assemblies 10 rubbing surfaces, 10 rubbing surfaces by design landing conditions not subtracting in dish situation, brake pressure increases to 6-7Mpa to start to occur locking, now reduce by a pair dish, rubbing surface is 8, can continue experiment; Occur locking again when brake pressure increases to 10-11Mpa, then reduce by a pair dish, now rubbing surface is 6, and experiment proceeds again; When brake pressure increases to 15-16Mpa, aircraft main wheel third time produces locking, then reduces by a pair dish, and rubbing surface is 4, completes whole pressure series testing requirementss of test program regulation.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
1, technical scheme of the present invention is under keeping unit rubbing surface to absorb the constant prerequisite of kinetic energy, by rationally reducing the method for test brake gear rubbing surface quantity, reduces testpieces to the kinetic energy requirement of inertia platform.This method has good simulation and data reliability, reappearance, is convenient to realize, and is particularly suitable for the contrast test of large type.Meet the requirement of industry inertia platform energy, main foundation is the energy balane formula of wheel brake design, the relation that its energy is directly proportional to the number of rubbing surface.Therefore reach A321 type, standard that A330 type Airbus Aircraft carbon brake disc assembly ground inertia test table tests outline, meet the regulation of national seaworthiness authorization, lay a solid foundation for next step is generalized to the standard formulation that A340 type, A380 type, B767 type, B777 type, B787 type Air Passenger and Boeing carbon brake disc assembly ground inertia test table test outline.
2, owing to rationally reducing the method for test brake gear rubbing surface quantity, reduce the requirement of inertia platform kinetic energy, solve the difficult problem that the ground inertia test table that cannot test large kinetic energy brake flange is for a long time tested, the situation that macro-energy carbon brake disc relies on external import is completely opened, reduce the expense of macro-energy carbon brake disc import costliness, further increase the ability of localization.
3, owing to rationally reducing the method for test brake gear rubbing surface quantity, therefore also thoroughly avoid in test simultaneously and occur wheel locking phenomenon, decrease the phenomenon that the failure of an experiment maybe cannot carry out.
4, effect of the present invention be solve in current China aviation field develop macro-energy carbon brake disc time, because domestic existing testing table energy is little, the situation that the ground inertia test table that cannot complete macro-energy carbon brake disc is tested, present invention applicant with this test method complete Air Passenger A321 type, the inertia test table of A330 type aircraft macro-energy carbon brake disc tests, acquired various performance datas meet the requirement of test program completely, and through civil aviation authority, the accurate afterloading unit of examination & verification batching is taken a flight test; This time installation be 8 main wheels all be the new carbon dish that present invention applicant develops, through Flight, the macro-energy carbon brake disc that applicant develops meets airworthiness requirement completely, and conclusion of taking a flight test is identical with the various performance of the carbon brake disc of external import; Licence (PMA) card of alternative import carbon dish installation has been obtained through civil aviation authority's approval.This inertia test table also proving to domesticize the present invention macro-energy carbon brake disc completes Air Passenger A330 type aircraft macro-energy carbon brake disc stands the test of taking a flight test after testing.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1-charcoal brake gear; Accompanying drawing 2-carbon/carbon brake disc; Principle of work schematic diagram in accompanying drawing 3-1-carbon/carbon brake disc assembly between a pair Moving plate and quiet dish; The principle of work schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 3-2-carbon/carbon brake disc assembly; Accompanying drawing 4-braking effort testing table principle of simulation figure; Structural representation before accompanying drawing 5-1-rubbing surface does not change, namely assembly is alternately arranged by 11 sound dishes and forms 10 pairs of rubbing surface schematic diagram; Structural representation after the change of Fig. 5-2-rubbing surface, structural representation when being namely 8 pairs of rubbing surfaces after first time minimizing a pair dish; Structural representation after the change of Fig. 5-3-rubbing surface, after second time subtracts a pair dish, remainings 6 rubbing surfaces; Fig. 5-4-third time remainings 4 rubbing surfaces after subtracting a pair dish.Typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear airplane design normal landing trial curve one (test number 2014S029Z14) of Fig. 6-1-A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test; Fig. 6-2-A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear airplane design landing experiment curve two (test number 2014S018Z45); Fig. 6-3-A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear airplane design landing experiment curve three (test number 2014S025Z45); The trial curve four (test number 2014S025RTO) of Fig. 6-4-A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear under aircraft stops (RTO) state of taking off.
Above-mentioned number in the figure illustrates:
1, heat reservoir, 2, compression plate, 3, Moving plate, 4, quiet dish, 5, bearing disc, 6, rubbing surface, 7, brake pressure, 8, testing table hub wheel, 9, testing table aircraft main wheel;
Wherein: in Moving plate 3, have 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5 totally 5 Moving plates; 4-1,4-2,4-3,4-4 totally 4 quiet dishes are had in quiet dish 4.
Five, specific implementation method
See Fig. 1: this is aircraft charcoal brake gear structure schematic diagram, to be intermeshed arrangement by several quiet dishes 4 and several Moving plates 3, compression plate 2 and bearing disc 5 composition heat reservoir 1 is jointly assembled respectively in its both sides, heat reservoir 1 is also referred to as charcoal disc assembly or be called carbon brake disc assembly, and heat reservoir 1 and annex thereof form charcoal brake gear jointly.Each quiet dish 4 or each Moving plate 3 are also referred to as carbon/carbon brake disc or charcoal dish, for typical charcoal brake gear usually by mutual charcoal disc assembly to rubbing-be called heat reservoir 1.
See Fig. 2: concrete compression plate 2, Moving plate 3, quiet dish 4 and bearing disc 5 structure are all ring texturees, and rubbing surface is also ring-type.
Moving plate 3 in accompanying drawing 3-1-heat reservoir 1 and the frictional couple principle of work schematic diagram between this pair dish of quiet dish 4, in reality, Moving plate 3 rotates, and quiet dish 4 is motionless but relative Moving plate 3 is motions in the other direction, therefore marks arrow, forms a fricting couple piece; A pair fricting couple piece (charcoal dish) of phase mutual friction is called a rubbing surface.
The principle of work schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 3-2-carbon/carbon brake disc assembly, between the quiet dish 4 of each fricting couple piece and Moving plate 3, surface of contact is exactly rubbing surface 6, each carbon/carbon brake disc successively face contacts with face, the axle pressure contacted with each other is from the brake pressure 7 of both sides, the equal and opposite in direction of power, direction is contrary, and entirety is in equilibrium state.The size of its brake pressure 7 determines its size absorbing kinetic energy and produce brake torque, and be all each fricting couple piece by forming brake gear, namely rubbing surface realizes.In like manner, bearing disc 5 is motionless, and compression plate 2 gives axial brake pressure 7; The brake pressure 7 acting on charcoal dish end face is the axial forces from compression plate 2, and brake pressure 7 is transmitted piece by piece by adjacent brake flange (charcoal dish).
Referring to accompanying drawing 4-braking effort testing table principle of simulation figure, testing requirements is simulation comparison, it is be contained in the brake gear of this model by the carbon brake disc of development really that wheel carbon brake disc assembly ground inertia test table is tested, refill the hub unit composition airplane wheel of this model, and the main wheel that after loading onto tire, composition one is complete, this main wheel is contained on inertia platform, namely becomes testing table main wheel 9.Hub wheel on inertia platform i.e. testing table hub wheel 8, be equivalent to or be equal to airfield runway, testing table main wheel 9 (see Fig. 4) is pressed on testing table wheel hub 8 outer round surface, its pressure sizableness aircraft is distributed in the weight that a main wheel is boarded a plane when sliding race, the external circe speed that testing table hub wheel 8 rotates is equivalent to aircraft taxi speed, and this test is the braking state of simulated aircraft when alightinging run.
One of conception of the present invention is based in multiple-disc brake device, and it absorbs kinetic energy, and generation brake torque is all each fricting couple piece by forming brake gear, and namely rubbing surface realizes.Because fricting couple piece is structurally completely the same, therefore in brake process, often overlap brake gear brake kinetic energy can to think absorb by some brake couples, and uptake is also identical.On the other hand, the rubbing characteristics of brake gear is also the concentrated expression of each fricting couple piece rubbing characteristics, that is, if using the kinetic energy of brake gear, rubbing characteristics as all in all, every a pair fricting couple piece so forming brake gear is then individual, can be learnt all overall by individuality.
Structural representation before not changing referring to accompanying drawing 5-1-rubbing surface, wherein: in Moving plate 3, have 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5 totally 5 Moving plates; Have 4-1,4-2,4-3,4-4 totally 4 quiet dishes in quiet dish 4, general Moving plate 3 sum is than quiet many 1 of dish 4 sum; The left side of Moving plate 3-1 is compression plate 2, and the right side of Moving plate 3-5 is bearing disc 5, and totally 9 sound dishes are alternately arranged, namely assembly by above-mentioned compression plate 2, Moving plate 3, quiet dish 4, bearing disc 5 totally 11 arrangements form brake assemblies 10 pairs of rubbing surface schematic diagram.For A330 type Airbus Aircraft carbon brake disc lightweight packages be 62 kilograms/cover.Act on compression plate 2 at brake pressure, each dish forces together, and compression plate 2, quiet dish 4, bearing disc 5 are enclosed within wheel shaft and do not rotate, therefore be called quiet dish, and the key tooth of the outer circle of Moving plate 3 engages with the long key of wheel, with wheel synchronous axial system, the normal pressure received respectively is coiled consistent during brake, unanimously namely friction factor is identical for material, so the brake torque that each fricting couple piece produces also is identical, is there is proportional relation.
A concept " multi-disc type " is also had to refer to here: sound dish sum is generally 5,7,9,11,13,15, and in the industry, we are called multi-disc type the sound dish sum more than 9 (containing 9).
Two of conception of the present invention keeps unit rubbing surface to absorb kinetic energy Q
fconstant is the necessary condition of Energy Simulation.Keep Q
fconstant is by each of maintenance carbon dish
technologyconsistency of performance reaches; Its
technologyperformance mainly refers to: the consistance of friction factor, mass density, degree of graphitization, temperature conductivity, mainly in the carbon dish of production domesticization makes strict control carbon precast body density, the furnace temperature of chemical vapor carbon deposition, furnace pressure, heavy carbon gas quantity delivered, control degree of graphitization.Every stove product must randomly draw full pattern, gets sample do various test at diverse location, after frictional behaviour, mechanical property, temperature conductivity, degree of graphitization all reach requirement,
canupper inertia platform is made ground inertia test table and is tested, so can keep the kinetic energy Q that unit rubbing surface absorbs
fconstant.
From formula A
s=N
t× F
h× Q
f(1) can find out in, at the friction area F of single carbon dish workplace
hwith unit rubbing surface absorption kinetic energy Q
funder constant prerequisite, change rubbing surface quantity N
t, the brake gear that wheel once brakes is at absorption kinetic energy A
schange, namely the present invention reduces the requirement of bench test brake kinetic energy by the method suitably reducing sample brake gear rubbing surface quantity thereupon.
Referring to the structural representation after the change of accompanying drawing 5-2-rubbing surface, structural representation when being 8 rubbing surfaces after namely reducing a pair dish of a Moving plate 3 and a quiet dish 4 for the first time; In like manner referring to the structural representation after the change of accompanying drawing Fig. 5-3-rubbing surface, after second time subtracts a pair dish, remaining 6 rubbing surfaces; Reduce after a pair dish referring to accompanying drawing 5-4-third time, remaining 4 rubbing surfaces.
Three of conception of the present invention is that the brake pressure 7 (referring to Fig. 3) acting on charcoal dish end face is transmitted piece by piece by adjacent brake flange (charcoal dish), and total brake torque that in bench test, testing table main wheel 9 produces is the coefficient result of each rubbing surface in device.Therefore, when suitably reducing rubbing surface quantity, the brake torque also corresponding reduction of generation, avoids occurring wheel locking phenomenon in test.Again illustrate, brake machine wheel (testing table main wheel 9) locking should not occur, because aircraft brake is different from automobile, and during the brake of aircraft, require that wheel always brakes, in the rolling once brake machine wheel locking, wheel does not rotate, tire, at taxiing, is called in the industry and drags tire, can cause tire blow-out, since aircraft braking wheel locking phenomenon should not occur in reality, so do not allow that in test locking phenomenon appears in testing table main wheel 9 yet.
Minimizing brake gear rubbing surface of the present invention measure could can only use when in bench test, testing table provides energy all can not meet test program, and reducing rubbing surface can not produce adverse influence to brake device structure and brake process simultaneously.
Embodiment 1: existing with charcoal brake gear bench test example explanation the invention process method large-scale during A330 passenger plane 23.Testpieces:
carbon/carbon brake disc assembly.First illustrate: when only having the domestic carbon/carbon brake disc of checking to be consistent with external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature, could the present invention be implemented.
In order to again verify that domestic carbon/carbon brake disc and external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature are consistance, applicant has done contrast test and after statistical statistics, has tabulated:
Table 1: domestic adds up with external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature correlation data
Above-mentioned table 1 illustrates: select brake pressure point to be 5MPa, contrast experiment's data of 10MPa, obtaining of all data above-mentioned is on same stand, data acquired when various condition is all identical, it is the average braking distance gone out by testing table statistic computation, average friction coefficient, mean deceleration rate, average brake torque, the related datas such as average peak brake torque, it is poor with good carbon brake disc data that external high limit dish in tables of data and external lower bound dish are respectively A330 type aeroplane performance, get after its 5 cover carbon brake disc makes various data and form a tolerance range, and the experimental data of the carbon brake disc that domestic Shaanxi indigo plant is produced very much all drops in its tolerance range, conclusion: domestic carbon brake disc and the equivalence of external carbon brake disc, be detection qualified.
When domestic carbon/carbon brake disc is consistent with external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature, implement the present invention: by above-mentioned compression plate 2, Moving plate 3, quiet dish 4, bearing disc 5 totally 11 arrangements form brake assemblies 10 pairs of rubbing surfaces (accompanying drawing 5-1), testing requirements: undertaken by test program on HJDS-II type dynamic test stand
manyitem experiment of friction performance, design parameter is:
Wheel load: 275.3KN
table 2:once brake absorption kinetic energy and brake speed see the following form
Data from brake pressure point in above-mentioned table: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16MPa respectively carries out 5 times, after computer data statistics, its mean value is inserted in table.
Test event: require to measure and draw brake pressure-family curve such as average brake torque, brake pressure-average braking distance, brake pressure-average friction coefficient, brake pressure-mean deceleration rate (above-mentioned main four kinds).
Test adopts domestic two covers to have the charcoal dish full pattern aircraft main wheel of same materials and structures, same friction factor, service-simulated conditions is carried out, obviously, in above-mentioned watch test number 1, when carrying out design landing conditions brake performance test, the energy that inertia platform provides meets the requirement of 41.7MJ, in like manner, in above-mentioned watch test 2-6, when carrying out design landing conditions brake performance test, the energy that inertia platform provides meets the requirement of below 85MJ; But in above-mentioned watch test 7-8, when carrying out design landing conditions brake performance test, the energy that inertia platform can not provide, more than the requirement of more than 85MJ, so adopts technical measure, experiment can be realized; To take off test as carried out termination, in above-mentioned watch test numbers 9, inertia platform cannot provide the Energy transmission of 104.6MJ.According to the present invention, absorb kinetic energy Q at unit rubbing surface
fin the situation that remains unchanged, adopt segmentation to subtract dish method and namely subtract a pair dish (rubbing surface quantity N
t8 are become by 10), the corresponding reduction by 1/5 of required inertia platform energy, namely only need provide 104.6-104.6*1/5=83.68 (MJ) ≈ 84MJ energy to meet testing requirements.This cover sample all adopts this method on the HJDS-II type dynamic test stand originally cannot implemented, complete termination and to take off brake performance test.
How to solve aircraft main wheel locking problem? when design feature due to the rubbing characteristics of charcoal brake material and brake gear determines that brake pressure exceedes certain value, aircraft main wheel (industry spoken language is also said " brake machine wheel " sometimes) there will be locking phenomenon, test can not be proceeded, the rubbing characteristics data of brake gear under this pressure cannot be drawn, adopt segmentation of the present invention to subtract dish method and get final product head it off.
actualtest shows: do not subtracting (rubbing surface is 10) in dish situation by design landing conditions, brake pressure increases to 6-7Mpa to start to occur locking, now reduces by a pair dish, sees accompanying drawing 5-2, and rubbing surface is 8
,just can continue experiment; Occur locking again when brake pressure increases to 10-11Mpa, then reduce by a pair dish, accompanying drawing 5-3, now rubbing surface is 6, and experiment proceeds again; When brake pressure increases to 15-16Mpa, aircraft main wheel third time produces locking, and now reduce by a pair dish again, see accompanying drawing 5-4, rubbing surface is 4, such result: the whole pressure series testing requirementss then completing outline regulation.
Data processing: the spot pressure gained valid data for above-mentioned each brake pressure process by statistical theory.
Through verification experimental verification, test the data obtained as stated above, after statistical procedures, there is reappearance, its coefficient of dispersion is all in tolerance interval, and the brake pressure drawn out and average brake torque, average braking distance, average friction coefficient, mean deceleration rate curve all fully reflect the rubbing characteristics of brake gear.
See Fig. 6-1, it is (external lowest limit dish) A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear design normal landing trial curve one (test number 2014S029Z14), in figure, ordinate represents brake speed, brake pressure, brake energy, and horizontal ordinate represents braking distance; Black curve is the relation curve of brake speed and braking distance, and green curve is the relation curve of brake pressure and braking distance, and blue curve is the relation curve of brake energy and braking distance.
Trial curve two (test number 2014S018Z45) when being (the blue charcoal dish too in Shaanxi) A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear airplane design landing see Fig. 6-2-; Represent four curves when airplane design is landed, wherein red curve is the relation curve of brake temperature and braking distance, and all the other curves are the same.
Fig. 6-3-is (external high limit dish) A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear airplane design landing experiment curve three (test number 2014S025Z45); Shown in same Fig. 6-1, black curve is the relation curve of brake speed and braking distance, and green curve is the relation curve of brake pressure and braking distance, and blue curve is the relation curve of brake energy and braking distance.
The trial curve four (test number 2014S025RTO) of Fig. 6-4-A330 type airplane carbon brake disc assembly dynamic test typical curve-Inspection Aircraft Wheels brake gear under aircraft stops (RTO) state of taking off; Black curve is the relation curve of brake speed and braking distance, and green curve is the relation curve of brake pressure and braking distance, and blue curve is the relation curve of brake energy and braking distance.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of in the bench test of aircraft charcoal brake gear, when the energy that braking effort testing table provides all can not meet test energy requirement, under guaranteeing that unit rubbing surface absorbs the constant prerequisite of kinetic energy, meeting the method for test energy requirement by suitably adjusting rubbing surface quantity, also avoiding as far as possible wheel locking phenomenon occurs simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1. the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system, the braking effort test method of the large kinetic energy home-built aircraft brake gear when the kinetic energy that the kinetic energy that inertia platform provides can not meet test program defined requires, it is characterized in that: in domestic multiple-disc brake device, carbon/carbon brake disc is contained in the middle of brake gear, by several quiet dishes (4), Moving plate (3) is staggered, by mutual charcoal disc assembly to rubbing or be called carbon brake disc assembly and be called heat reservoir (1), during heat reservoir (1) work, kinetic energy is converted to heat energy, heat reservoir (1) and its annex form brake gear together, a pair fricting couple piece or a pair charcoal dish of phase mutual friction are called a rubbing surface, each fricting couple piece is structurally completely the same, absorb energy also identical, keep each chip technology consistency of performance of carbon dish, the endergonic computing formula of brake gear: A in rubbing characteristics and wheel or main wheel design
s=N
t× F
h× Q
fformula (1), in formula (1): A
s--the energy that wheel or main wheel brake gear absorb, N
tthe quantity of-rubbing surface, F
hthe friction area of-single carbon dish workplace, N
tthe kinetic energy that-unit rubbing surface absorbs, in maintenance unit, rubbing surface absorbs kinetic energy Q
fwhen constant, by rationally reducing rubbing surface quantity Q
fmethod, reduce the energy A that wheel or main wheel brake gear absorb
sthe requirement of inertia platform kinetic energy, realizes the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy home-built aircraft brake gear and avoids occurring in test the phenomenon of wheel or main wheel locking.
2. the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when only having the domestic multi-disc type carbon/carbon brake disc of checking to be consistent with external carbon/carbon brake disc technical feature, could use domestic, in domestic multiple-disc brake device, unit rubbing surface is kept to absorb kinetic energy Q
fconstant is the necessary condition of Energy Simulation, " multi-disc type " refers to: the Moving plate (3) be alternately arranged and quiet dish (4) total add up to 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 or 19, Moving plate (3) sum is than many 1 of quiet dish (4) sum, on inertia platform in experiment, along with the increase of pressure, test is proceeded after removing a pair Moving plate (3) and quiet dish (4) successively respectively, namely remove a pair Moving plate (3) successively respectively and quiet dish (4) has lacked two rubbing surfaces afterwards, namely the method by suitably reducing sample brake gear rubbing surface quantity reduces the requirement of bench test brake kinetic energy, ensure that main wheel tire and ground are often in rolling friction braking state, till test all can be able to continue under the condition at each spot pressure.
3. the braking effort test method of large kinetic energy aircraft brake system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: for A330 type Airbus Aircraft carbon brake disc lightweight packages be 62 kilograms/cover, have (3-1), (3-2), (3-3), (3-4), (3-5) totally 5 Moving plates in Moving plate (3); Have (4-1), (4-2), (4-3), (4-4) totally 4 quiet dishes in quiet dish (4), general Moving plate (3) sum is than many 1 of quiet dish (4) sum; The left side of Moving plate (3-1) is compression plate (2), the right side of Moving plate (3-5) is bearing disc (5), totally 9 sound dishes are alternately arranged, namely assembly by above-mentioned compression plate (2), Moving plate (3), quiet dish (4), bearing disc (5) totally 11 arrangements form brake assemblies 10 rubbing surfaces, 10 rubbing surfaces by design landing conditions not subtracting in dish situation, brake pressure increases to 6-7Mpa to start to occur locking, now reduce by a pair dish, rubbing surface is 8, can continue experiment; Occur locking again when brake pressure increases to 10-11Mpa, then reduce by a pair dish, now rubbing surface is 6, and experiment proceeds again; When brake pressure increases to 15-16Mpa, aircraft main wheel third time produces locking, then reduces by a pair dish, and rubbing surface is 4, completes whole pressure series testing requirementss of test program regulation.
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