Blast furnace slag power station
Technical field
The present invention relates to generation technology, more particularly to a kind of blast furnace slag power station.
Background technology
China has been the big country of steel production, and the annual output of steel accounts for the 40% of Gross World Product.Either steel-making is gone back
It is ironmaking, substantial amounts of clinker will be produced.Clinker is accompanied generation with steel, it is the byproduct of smelting iron and steel, and is one
The primary condition of the important metallurgical reaction of series, it directly participates in the physical-chemical reaction and mass-and heat-transfer mistake of steel smelting procedure
Journey, it not only influences iron and steel output, quality, but also has close relationship with the consumption of raw material, energy.
In Ferrous Metallurgy stove, 1400-1500 DEG C of high temperature furnace slag is produced, enters flushing cinder after cinder notch flows out, then through slag runner
During chute, with certain water, hydraulic pressure and the chute gradient, water is set to be burst with slag stream into certain angle of cut, slag by cold shock
Into the qualified grain slag of certain particle size.After pulp water separation, clinker is used as construction material;The flushing cinder of heat exchange is carried out with high temperature furnace slag
Water, into flushing cinder pond.Flushing cinder pond usually takes up an area thousands of square metres, and hot vapour is soared above flushing cinder pond, and flushing cinder coolant-temperature gage is normal
Year is maintained at 60-80 DEG C, is a huge potential thermal energy energy, if can effectively be used, such as utilizes punching
The thermal energy of pulp water, winter heat for residential block, can be not only that country saves a large amount of fuel, but also reduce carbon emission, protect
Environment.
The big blast furnace of Chengde steel mill often smelts 1 ton of pig iron, and the heat that clinker loses accounts for total amount of heat in 0.81GJ~0.87GJ
The 6.61%~7.5% of income, signature coal fully burns liberated heat for 27.77kg~29.78kg, in terms of slag ratio 0.44
Calculate, the heat of slag loss per ton is about 63.9kg mark coal completely burned liberated heats.
Currently, there are three kinds of modes in terms of blast furnace slag heat recycling:
The first is exhaust heat of slag flushing water recycling, is mainly used for for warm heating soft water water source.
Mainly there are the enterprises such as Shoudu Iron and Steel Co, Ji steel, Xuan Gang, Anshan iron and steel plant, this steel, Laigang, An Gang, Baosteel stainless steel in terms of heating, add
What hot soft water water source was reported at present has Tang Gang stainless steels.
Second is blast-furnace cement sensible heat recycling, and the current commercial Application of this method does not have been reported that also successfully.
Late 1970s, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL metal and Ishikawa island broadcast mill heavy industry and have developed jointly drum process slag granulating work
Skill:Slag stream is broken when impacting rotating cylinder surface, and grain slag falls on fluid bed and carries out heat exchange again, and high-temperature hot-air send power generation
Device recycles heat.But this method disposal ability is not high, equipment operation rate is low, be not suitable for continuous processing blast furnace extensive at the scene
Slag, is typically only capable to receive the slag from slag ladle.
Nippon Steel, japanese steel pipe, Kawasaki Steel, Kobe Steel, Sumitomo Metal Industries and 6 company of day brand-new steel open from nineteen eighty-two
The wind quenching method blast furnace slag dry granulation for beginning to have carried out on the blast furnace of Nippon Steel Nagoya 36 years by a definite date is tested.From blast furnace discharge
1500 DEG C of liquid slags flow into the granulation region in wind-tunnel, dispel slag in the air-flow of this high pressure, high speed, micronized.Slag particle exists
Solidified in air-flow during flight, temperature drops to 1000 DEG C by 1500 DEG C, and 300 DEG C are then cooled in heat exchanger.Wind quenching method exists
Power consumption is big in granulation, and occupation area of equipment is big, complicated, investment cost is high.
1986, Ukraine developed a continuous casting and rolling with reference to casting and rolling process | | formula dry granulation and waste heat recovery work
Skill:Liquid slag enters back into chain-linked conveyer between water cooling roll is continuously flowed to for slag mouth, and conveyer lower part is passed through cold air,
The heat of slag is transmitted to cold air and fin panel casing, and slag after cooling crushes in slag crusher, and soft water is after roll absorbs heat by water
It is pumped to economizer and enters back into drum, then saturated water is pumped into fin panel casing through circulation, and drum is returned to after heating vaporization, from
The saturated vapor that drum comes out enters superheater, becomes superheated steam.It is this first to cure again granulated technique in the presence of very big shortcoming:
The thermal conductivity and gas permeability of tabular high temperature sludge seriously affect the heat exchange of slag and cold air and water-cooling wall.
Pickering S.J. et al. invented one rotary-cup type shotting of dry granulation blast furnace slag recuperation of heat method (or cry from
Heart shotting).Liquid slag is flowed into high-speed rotating revolving cup center by slag runner, the cup edge that flies out under the action of the centrifugal force and by grain
Change.Liquid slag while flight with air carry out heat exchange to solidify, then slag particle continue fall into bottom fluid bed into
One step carries out heat exchange, slave device recovered overhead hot-air.Since the heat transfer intensity of fluid bed is larger, slag is in granulation
Solidify quickly, result in the appearance of strip particle and slag wool, seriously affected waste heat recovery effect and the row in recuperation of heat stage
Slag.
The states such as Germany, Sweden, Russia, Australia have also carried out the experimental study of blast furnace cinder dry granulation, all not
Realize industrial applications.
China once carried out in the 1950s some blast furnace slag waste heats recycling and dry granulation in terms of research, also not
Succeed, hereafter do not furtherd investigate again.
The third is generated electricity with steam of flushing cinder, and this method is a feasibility study report.
Certain factory's blast-furnace slag processing is upper to use wind Water Quenching Slag technique at present, and wind is taken from the cold wind that dynamics factory supplies blast furnace, and water comes
From water in the industry in special water pump extraction.Slag wind wind pressure small furnace of quenching at slag runner ditch head is about 0.18MPa, 1260m3Blast furnace
About 0.34MPa, 2500m3Blast furnace is about 0.37MPa, and quench slag wind air quantity small furnace about 50m3/ min, 1260m3Blast furnace is about
100m3/ min, 2500m3Blast furnace is about 120m3/ min, hydraulic pressure all about accordingly goes out in 0.22MPa or so, water at slag runner ditch head
8 times of the quantity of slag.During wind Water Quenching Slag, the kinetic energy of geomantic omen mixture breaks up blast furnace cinder (about 1450~1500 DEG C), after breaing up
Blast furnace cinder is sufficiently mixed with water, and pulp water carries out heat exchange, and for slag temperature drop to about 65~80 DEG C, water temperature is increased to equal temperature.
Thick standby estimation, holding steel 1 ton of blast furnace cinder of often quenching at present about needs 8 tons of water, and washing slag water turns again to middle pond and only remains 7.15 tons or so,
That is 1 ton of blast furnace cinder of often quenching loses water in 0.85 ton, wherein become steam for 0.65 ton or so, adsorbed by grain slag
For 0.2 ton or so, i.e. blast furnace often produces the 1t pig iron, take around consumption flushing cinder in water 0.36t.So waste water money
Source, and lost the exhaust heat of slag flushing water of preciousness.
Three 2500m3Blast furnace and 1 1260m3Blast furnace produces about 7,500,000 tons of the pig iron per year, while produces 3,300,000 tons of blast furnace slags,
The heat of annual blast furnace slag loss is approximately equivalent to 210,000 tons of mark coal completely burned liberated heats.
Exhaust heat of slag flushing water recycles Project Technical comparative maturity, for heating or heating soft water water source, according to related data introduction
The 10% of recyclable blast furnace slag total amount of heat, recovery time are March annual November to next year, i.e. recovery time is about 150 days.
Thick standby calculating, if hold the big blast furnace of steel recycles blast furnace slag waste heat, equivalent to 0.875 ten thousand tons marks of heat of recycling in this way
Coal completely burned liberated heat, if this partial heat is all released by blast furnace gas combustion about needs 0.8 hundred million m3, equivalent to
One 2500m38 days gas volumes produced of blast furnace continuous production, if this part coal gas is used for (the experience number 4.5m that generates electricity3Blast furnace coal
Gas can send out 1 kwh), electricity price is calculated by 0.5 yuan/degree, can create 8,900,000 yuan of effect year.
Using exhaust heat of slag flushing water, the 10% of recyclable blast furnace slag total amount of heat, also account for blast furnace slag total amount of heat 90% rushes
Pulp water steam is also without ripe recovery scheme, moreover, waste heat recovery is mainly used for heat supply in winter, in summer, waste heat recovery does not have
Use, whole waste heat recoveries can only be cut off.It is a preferred plan that blast furnace slag heat, which is used for power generation, throughout the year can be abundant
Using blast furnace slag heat, but so far both at home and abroad also without successful precedent.
The content of the invention
In order to be generated electricity using blast furnace slag heat, the present invention provides a kind of blast furnace slag power station, its structure includes:It is high
Stove, blast furnace slag boiler, screw expander, condenser, generator, condensate pump and several pipelines;The melting that blast furnace ironmaking produces
Clinker flows into blast furnace slag boiler, and clinker produces high-temperature high-pressure steam with water heat exchange, and vapor, which enters screw expander expansion, to be done
Work(, screw expander drive electrical power generators, and the steam exhaust after acting enters condenser, to cooling circulating water heat release, is changed into condensing
Water, then blast furnace slag boiler is returned to by condensate pump, it is characterised in that:Described blast furnace slag boiler, its structure include one
Tipping bucket.
The blast furnace slag boiler, its structure include:Slag inlet, baffle, tipping bucket, slag plate of quenching, nozzle, feed pipe, water pump,
Venthole, vaporium, water inlet, water storage room and slag-drip opening;Molten slag flows into the slag inlet of blast furnace slag boiler, by baffle control
System, flows into tipping bucket object-catching chamber, tipping bucket rotation, molten slag trickles to tilting in vaporium from object-catching chamber to be quenched on slag plate, is passed through
The current of feed pipe and water pump are sprayed from nozzle, impact on slag plate of quenching the molten slag to trickle, and furnace slag granulating is slided into fine particle
Water storage room is fallen on, water is flowed out by thermogenetic vapor from the venthole on vaporium side wall, and water inlet is used to mend to water storage room
Water-filling, the graininess clinker of the interior deposition of water storage room, the slag-drip opening for passing through bottom discharge.
The tipping bucket is the concentric double-layer cylinder of a traverse, its structure includes:Outer barrel, inner cylinder, axis, motor, two
Object-catching chamber and sealing;Outer barrel and inner cylinder are concentric, there is axis on cylinder center's line, and inner cylinder can rotate with the axis, the stove of outer barrel and furnace body
Lining is fixed, and has sealing between inner/outer tube;There is upper and lower Liang Ge object-catching chamber in inner cylinder, in the case where motor and control device drive, inner cylinder is once
180 degree is rotated, Liang Ge object-catching chamber in upper slag and in lower deslagging, intermittently pours into the molten slag flowed into from slag inlet in turn
In blast furnace slag boiler vaporium, sealing will ensure have vaporium not run vapour and pressure release at slag inlet;The inner/outer tube of tipping bucket is all
It is to be rolled to form with steel plate, the Liang Ge object-catching chamber in tipping bucket inner cylinder is built into refractory material high-alumina brick.
The screw expander, its structure include:Air entry, male rotor, female rotor, cylinder body, exhaust outlet, bearing and defeated
Shaft:High temperature and pressure working medium flows into inter-tooth volume from air entry, and inter-tooth volume is that male rotor, female rotor and cylinder body surround jointly
Confined space, high temperature and pressure working medium has expansive force in inter-tooth volume, it applies torque to rotor and rotates, and inter-tooth volume increases
Greatly, working medium volumetric expansion temperature reduces, and rotor exports power to output shaft;Start to be vented when inter-tooth volume is communicated with exhaust outlet
Journey, inter-tooth volume are reduced to zero, complete a working cycles.
The condenser, its structure include:Housing, air intake, condensation water water outlet, cooling water intake, cooling water
Pipe and cooling water outlet;Steam exhaust after expansion work enters in the housing of condenser from the air intake above housing, cooling water
Enter from the cooling water intake in housing sidewall, the cooling water Bottomhole pressure in housing, after the steam heat-exchanging outside pipe, from
Cooling water outlet flows out, and steam goes out after the heat release of cooling water outer surface of tube wall and condensing into water from the condensation water of housing bottom
Flow out at the mouth of a river.
The generator is brushless ac synchronous generator, its structure is divided into stator and rotor;Stator includes:Engine base,
The Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of stator core, armature winding and exciter;Rotor includes:Rotor core, Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, shaft, exciter
Armature winding and rotating rectifier;Excitation is provided to Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of the exciter on stator, it will in the armature winding of rotor
Alternating current is sent, after rotating rectifier rectification, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection to generator in rotor is powered, so that generator is fixed
The armature winding of son induces alternating current, and externally exports.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is blast furnace slag power station embodiment overall pattern of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the slag pot for ballast furnace furnace structure figure of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the blast furnace slag boiler tipping bucket structure chart of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the screw expander structure chart of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 gives blast furnace slag power station embodiment overall pattern of the present invention.
Blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment, its overall structure include:Blast furnace 100, blast furnace slag boiler 200, screw rod
Expanding machine 300, condenser 400, generator 500, condensate pump 600 and several pipelines.The melting furnace that the ironmaking of blast furnace 100 produces
Slag, flows out from slag notch, flows into blast furnace slag boiler 200 along ramp, blast furnace slag boiler 200 is a blast-furnace slag waste heat pot
Stove, vapor is produced using the heat of blast-furnace slag, and vapor is drawn from blast furnace slag boiler 200, and it is swollen to enter screw rod by pipeline
Swollen machine 300, vapor expansion work in screw expander 300, screw expander 300 drive generator 500 by output shaft
Externally power generation, steam exhaust of the vapor in screw expander 300 after expansion work enter condenser 400, with cooling circulating water or
After the heat exchange of heating circulation water, it is changed into condensation water, by condensate pump 600, returns to blast furnace slag boiler 200, as supplement water.
Condenser 400 is a vapor-water heat exchanger, its structure includes:Housing, air intake, condensation water water outlet, cooling
Water water inlet, cooling water pipe and cooling water outlet.Steam exhaust after expansion work, the air intake above housing enter condenser
Housing in, cooling water enters from the cooling water intake in housing sidewall, the cooling water Bottomhole pressure in housing, and outside pipe
Steam heat-exchanging after, from cooling water outlet flow out, steam is after the heat release of cooling water outer surface of tube wall and condensing into water, from housing
The condensation water water outlet outflow of bottom.
Generator 500 is brushless ac synchronous generator, its structure is divided into two large divisions, stator and rotor.Stator bag
Include:Engine base, stator core, armature winding, end cap, the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of bearing cap and exciter;Rotor includes:Rotor core, encourage
Magnetic winding, shaft, bearing, fan, the armature winding and rotating rectifier of exciter.The Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of generator is in rotor, electricity
Pivot winding is in stator;The armature winding of exciter is in rotor, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is in stator.To Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of the exciter on stator
Excitation is provided, it will send alternating current in the armature winding of rotor, and the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection to generator in rotor after over commutation supplies
Electricity, so that generator induces alternating current in the armature winding of stator, and externally exports.
Fig. 2 gives the slag pot for ballast furnace furnace structure figure of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
The blast furnace slag boiler of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment, its structure include:Slag inlet 210, baffle 215,
Tipping bucket 220, slag plate 260 of quenching, nozzle 255, feed pipe 270, water pump 265, venthole 230, vaporium 235, water inlet 240, storage
Hydroecium 245 and slag-drip opening 250.
The molten slag that blast furnace ironmaking produces, the slag inlet 210 of blast furnace slag boiler is flowed into along ramp, by baffle 215
Open and close controlling, discontinuously flow into tipping bucket 220.Tipping bucket 220 is the columnar structured of traverse, and there is axis in centre, can be around axis
Rotation.Have between cylinder outer surface and furnace lining relatively slidingly and sealingly, upper and lower You Liangge object-catching chamber in cylinder, cylinder timing rotation,
Liang Ge object-catching chamber in upper slag and in lower deslagging, intermittently pours into molten slag in blast furnace slag boiler vaporium 235, together in turn
When ensure to have the vaporium 235 of pressure will not run vapour and pressure release from slag inlet 210 again.Slag plate 260 of quenching is tilting in vaporium 235
Top, its plate face faces nozzle 255, sprayed by the current of feed pipe 270 and water pump 265 from nozzle 255, impact is quenched
The molten slag to trickle on slag plate 260, molten slag is by water spray chilling and the double action of impact, and water quenching is into fine particle shape stove
Slag, then be slipped in water storage room 245.Water quenching process and water storage room 245 are flowed out by thermogenetic vapor from venthole 230.Steam
Water inlet 240 on 235 side wall of steam chest is used for the supplement water of water storage room 245, the graininess clinker of 245 bottom deposit of water storage room,
Timing is discharged by the slag-drip opening 250 of bottom.
Fig. 3 gives the blast furnace slag boiler tipping bucket structure chart of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
Tipping bucket 220 is the concentric double-layer cylinder of a traverse, its structure includes:Outer barrel 225, inner cylinder 226, axis 223, electricity
Machine 224, Liang Ge object-catching chamber 221 and sealing 222.
Outer barrel 225 and inner cylinder 226 are concentric, have axis 223 on cylinder center's line, inner cylinder 226 can rotate with the axis, outer barrel 225
Fixed with the furnace lining of furnace body, there is sealing 222 between inner/outer tube.There is upper and lower Liang Ge object-catching chamber 221 in inner cylinder 226, in motor 224 and control
Under device processed drives, inner cylinder 226 once rotates 180 degree, and Liang Ge object-catching chamber 221 is in turn in upper slag and in lower deslagging, intermittently
It will be poured into from the molten slag that slag inlet 210 flows into blast furnace slag boiler vaporium 235, sealing 222 will ensure there is slag pot for ballast furnace
Stove vaporium 235 will not run vapour and pressure release at slag inlet 210.
The inner/outer tube of tipping bucket 220 is all to be rolled to form with steel plate, and the Liang Ge object-catching chamber 221 in tipping bucket inner cylinder 226 uses fire resisting
Material high-alumina brick is built into, and the furnace lining outside tipping bucket outer barrel 225 is built into refractory material clay brick, and inner/outer tube relatively rotates between surface,
It is concentric, in the gap of two, fills up sealing material 222.
Fig. 4 gives the screw expander structure chart of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment.
The Steam Power Equipment of blast furnace slag power station of the present invention embodiment is screw expander, it has rotating speed height, technique
Property it is good and without abrasion, without unbalanced mass force the features such as.
Screw expander is by air entry 305, male rotor 310, female rotor 330, cylinder body 315, exhaust outlet 320,325 and of bearing
Output shaft 335 forms.
For the cylinder of screw expander in intersecting " ∞ " font of two circles, two reversely rotate intermeshing by a stable drive ratio
Spiral shape yin, yang rotor be abreast placed in cylinder.
The work period of screw expander is made of three air-breathing in inter-tooth volume, expansion and exhaust processes.
Breathing process:Working medium flows into inter-tooth volume from air inlet 305, and at the end of air-breathing, air entry 305 is closed, at this moment
Inter-tooth volume is formed a confined space surrounded jointly by male rotor 310, female rotor 330 and cylinder body 315;High-pressure medium
After air inlet 305 enters the inter-tooth volume of rotor, drive rotor is rotated, and inter-tooth volume is constantly expanded, when between cog holds
When product departs from air inlet completely, intake process terminates.
Expansion process:High temperature and pressure working medium in inter-tooth volume has expansive force in inter-tooth volume, it applies one to rotor
A torque.Gas in inter-tooth volume is constantly expanded with the rotation of rotor, while gas moves, when gas expansion process knot
Beam, at this moment screw rod inter-tooth volume reach maximum;As inter-tooth volume increases, high-pressure medium volumetric expansion temperature reduces, while defeated
Go out power at the output shaft 335 of rotor.
Exhaust process:Working medium, when inter-tooth volume is communicated with exhaust outlet 320, just starts to arrange with the continuous rotation of rotor
Gas process, until inter-tooth volume is reduced to zero, untill completing a working cycles.
Three above-mentioned gas air-breathing, expansion, exhaust continuous circulating repetitions of process, and constantly externally acting.From expansion
Initial point is to terminal, and with the progress of expansion process, the wherein pressure of gas, temperature and enthalpy declines, specific volume and entropy increase, gas
The interior energy of body is converted into mechanical energy and externally does work.
The clearance seal of screw expander, has good adaptability, when air inlet is to air inlet for the moist steam containing drop
During moist steam, drop helps to seal.In screw expander, there is the torque characteristics being similar to when direct current generator starts, can
Carry out heavy load startup.Screw expander rotating speed is relatively low, can direct drive generator, long lifespan.