CN104745301A - Method for improving quality of tilapia mossambica oil - Google Patents

Method for improving quality of tilapia mossambica oil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104745301A
CN104745301A CN201510171364.0A CN201510171364A CN104745301A CN 104745301 A CN104745301 A CN 104745301A CN 201510171364 A CN201510171364 A CN 201510171364A CN 104745301 A CN104745301 A CN 104745301A
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China
Prior art keywords
fish oil
reactor
oil
vacuum
20min
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Pending
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CN201510171364.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵阔
郑联合
王涛
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Hainan Province Gain & Oil Research Institute
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Hainan Province Gain & Oil Research Institute
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Priority to CN201510171364.0A priority Critical patent/CN104745301A/en
Publication of CN104745301A publication Critical patent/CN104745301A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/006—Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of tilapia mossambica oil. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of degumming, deacidifying, washing, drying, decolourizing and winterizing. The quality of the tilapia mossambica oil processed through the method is obviously improved. The tilapia mossambica oil is light in colour and lustre, good in transparency, light in fishy smell, low in solidification point, good in stability and convenient to store. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate and has higher practicability.

Description

A kind of method of tilapia oil quality-improving
Technical field
The invention belongs to fats and oils processing field, be specially adapted to the processing of tilapia oil.
Background technology
Tilapia (Tilapia) is commonly called as African crucian, Fu Shou fish, originate in Africa, the advantage such as have strong adaptability, growth is fast, meat thorniness is few, reproductivity is high and feeding habits are wide, as the breed variety that Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO is recommended, is extensively introduced a fine variety and cultivation all over the world.China occupies world's tilapia cultured output first, and output increases year by year, and within 2003, China's tilapia output is about 800,000 tons, and 2013 annual production are 1,500,000 tons.Tilapia is because of meat exquisiteness, and delicious flavour, the nutritious human consumer of enjoying parent looks at.China's tilapia processing is main based on Tilapia Fillet, and tankage (head, tail, bone, squama, internal organ and meat mincing etc.) account for 1/6th of whole fish quality.Along with the development of China's tilapia cultivation secondary industry, increasing tilapia processing fent is had to produce every year.At present, the mode of best these tankage of comprehensive utilization is processed into fish oil and fish meal.
The necessary linolic acid of human body, linolenic acid is rich in tilapia oil, and timnodonic acid (EPA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and other unsaturated fatty acidss that a small amount of terrestrial organism oil does not contain, there are very high nutritive value and medical care effect.But affect by raw-material, thick tilapia oil contains denseer fishy smell, and containing a large amount of impurity such as moisture, protein, phosphatide, pigment, make the stability of thick tilapia oil very poor, very easily be hydrolyzed, be oxidized, become sour, generate aldehydes, ketone, low-molecular-weight fatty acid etc., produce special stink and bitter taste, and these materials have potential harm to human body.Fishy smell is heavy, color and luster is dark, zero pour is high, poor stability, has had a strong impact on the use of tilapia oil in the industries such as food, health care, medicine.The present invention can solve the series of problems such as tilapia oil fishy smell, color and luster, stability, improves its quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of tilapia oil quality-improving.Object of the present invention can be realized by following technological method:
(1) come unstuck: get a certain amount of thick tilapia oil in reactor, be heated to 70 ~ 90 DEG C, add under constantly stirring 1 ~ 2% thick tilapia oil volume degumming agent (degumming agent by 70% citric acid, phosphoric acid, phytic acid is composite forms, composite volume ratio: 3:2:1 ~ 1:1:1), vacuum tightness in reactor is kept to be 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa, Keep agitation 20 ~ 30min, stop stirring, insulation leaves standstill 30 ~ 50min.Remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the fish oil that comes unstuck;
(2) depickling: the fish oil that will come unstuck is placed in reactor, be heated to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the NaOH solution (alkali number is determined by fish oil acid value, and excess alkali is 2 ~ 10% of theoretical alkali number) that a certain amount of concentration is 20%, reactor vacuum tightness is kept to be 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa, Keep agitation 10 ~ 20min, stops stirring, removes vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, removing lower sediment, upper strata is depickling fish oil;
(3) wash: depickling fish oil is placed in reactor, be heated to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the hot water of a certain amount of 90 ~ 95 DEG C, keep reactor vacuum tightness to be 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa, Keep agitation 10 ~ 20min, stop stirring, remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, except sub-cloud, repeat above-mentioned steps 2 ~ 3 times, obtain washing fish oil;
(4) dry: washing fish oil is placed in reactor, at 90 ~ 95 DEG C, keep reactor vacuum tightness to be 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa, stir 20 ~ 50min, obtain dry fish oil;
(5) decolour: at 60 ~ 70 DEG C, in reactor, add discoloring agent (atlapulgite mixes with gac), keep vacuum tightness 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa, stir 20 ~ 30min, filter, obtain the fish oil that decolours;
(6) winterization: gradient cooling is carried out to fish oil.Gradient cooling is divided into three phases, and the first stage makes fish oil temperature be reduced to 5 DEG C, and rate of temperature fall controls at 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase makes fish oil be reduced to-4 DEG C from 5 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 2 ~ 3 DEG C/h; Phase III makes fish oil be reduced to-5 DEG C from-4 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 0.2 ~ 0.5 DEG C/h.With 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the tilapia oil after quality-improving.In gradient cooling process, only the first stage needs constantly to stir, and second and third stage does not need to stir.
The present invention has following characteristics:
(1) the present invention is except winterization step, other steps (come unstuck, depickling, washing, drying, decolouring) carry out all under vacuum, can make that the major volatile constituents in tilapia oil (i.e. fishy smell source) comes unstuck at fish oil, depickling, washing, drying, decolorization process progressively separate while carrying out from fish oil;
(2) the present invention utilizes vacuum condition progressively to remove fishy smell material in fish oil, therefore no longer needs to carry out traditional deodorization, avoids fish oil decomposition under the high temperature conditions, deterioration by oxidation;
(3) the tilapia oil quality through process of the present invention is good, outward appearance clear, micro-raw meat or without fishy smell, quality reaches SC/T 3502-2000 primary standard;
(4) the inventive method is simple, and easy handling, has very strong practicality.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, describe the present invention in detail by specific embodiment below:
Embodiment:
(1) measure the thick tilapia oil of 1L in reactor, be heated to 70 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add 10mL degumming agent (70% citric acid, phosphoric acid, phytic acid composite volume ratio: 3:2:1), reactor vacuum tightness is kept to be 0.08MPa, Keep agitation 30min, stop stirring, insulation leaves standstill 50min.Remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the fish oil that comes unstuck;
(2) fish oil that will come unstuck is placed in reactor, be heated to 50 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the NaOH solution (excess alkali is 4% of theoretical alkali number) of 20%, keep reactor vacuum tightness to be 0.08MPa, Keep agitation 15min, stop stirring, remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 20min, removing lower sediment, upper strata is depickling fish oil;
(3) depickling fish oil is placed in reactor, be heated to 60 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the hot water of a certain amount of 95 DEG C, keep reactor vacuum tightness to be 0.08MPa, Keep agitation 20min, stop stirring, remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15min, except sub-cloud, repeat above-mentioned steps 2 ~ 3 times, obtain washing fish oil;
(4) washing fish oil is placed in reactor, at 95 DEG C, keeps reactor vacuum tightness to be 0.09MPa, stir 50min, obtain dry fish oil;
(5) at 65 DEG C, in reactor, add discoloring agent (atlapulgite mixes with gac), keep vacuum tightness 0.08 MPa, stir 20min, filter, obtain the fish oil that decolours;
(6) gradient cooling is carried out to decolouring fish oil.Gradient cooling is divided into three phases, and the first stage makes fish oil be reduced to 5 DEG C, makes rate of temperature fall control at 0.7 DEG C/min; Subordinate phase makes fish oil be reduced to-4 DEG C from 5 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 2 DEG C/h; Phase III makes fish oil be reduced to-5 DEG C from-4 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 0.3 DEG C/h.In gradient cooling process, only the first stage needs constantly to stir, and second and third stage does not need to stir.With 4500rpm centrifugation 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the tilapia oil after quality-improving, and quality reaches SC/T 3502-2000 primary standard.

Claims (5)

1. a method for tilapia oil quality-improving, is characterized in that, the method comprises following operation steps:
(1) come unstuck: the thick tilapia oil of measured amounts is in reactor, be heated to 70 ~ 90 DEG C, add a certain amount of degumming agent under constant agitation, keep vacuum in reactor, Keep agitation 20 ~ 30min, stop stirring, insulation leaves standstill 30 ~ 50min, removes vacuum, takes out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the fish oil that comes unstuck;
(2) depickling: the fish oil that will come unstuck is placed in reactor, be heated to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the NaOH solution that a certain amount of concentration is 20%, keep vacuum in reactor, Keep agitation 10 ~ 20min, stop stirring, remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, removing lower sediment, upper strata is depickling fish oil;
(3) wash: depickling fish oil is placed in reactor, be heated to 40 ~ 60 DEG C, under constantly stirring, add the hot water of a certain amount of 90 ~ 95 DEG C, keep vacuum in reactor, Keep agitation 10 ~ 20min, stop stirring, remove vacuum, take out fish oil, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, except sub-cloud, repeat above-mentioned steps 2 ~ 3 times, obtain washing fish oil;
(4) dry: washing fish oil is placed in reactor, at 90 ~ 95 DEG C, keep vacuum in reactor, stir 20 ~ 50min, obtain dry fish oil;
(5) decolour: at 60 ~ 70 DEG C, in reactor, add discoloring agent (atlapulgite mixes with gac), keep vacuum in reactor, stir 20 ~ 30min, remove vacuum, filter, obtain the fish oil that decolours;
(6) winterization: gradient cooling is carried out to fish oil, gradient cooling is divided into three phases, first stage makes fish oil temperature be reduced to 5 DEG C, subordinate phase makes fish oil be reduced to-4 DEG C from 5 DEG C, phase III makes fish oil be reduced to-5 DEG C from-4 DEG C, with 4500rpm centrifugation 15 ~ 20min, centrifugate upper strata is the tilapia oil after quality-improving.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that vacuum in the maintenance reactor described in step (1) ~ (5), and accuse that reacting kettle inner pressure processed is stablized, vacuum tightness is 0.08 ~ 0.1MPa.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the degumming agent described in step (1) by 70% citric acid, phosphoric acid, phytic acid is composite forms, composite volume ratio: 3:2:1-1:1:1, add-on is 1% ~ 2% of crude fish oil volume.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the amount adding NaOH solution described in step (2) is determined by fish oil acid value, excess alkali is 2 ~ 10% of theoretical alkali number.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the gradient cooling described in step (6), first stage rate of temperature fall 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C/min, subordinate phase rate of temperature fall 2 ~ 3 DEG C/h, phase III rate of temperature fall 0.2 ~ 0.5 DEG C/h, in gradient cooling process, only the first stage needs constantly to stir, and second and third stage does not need to stir.
CN201510171364.0A 2015-04-13 2015-04-13 Method for improving quality of tilapia mossambica oil Pending CN104745301A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107586591A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-01-16 浙江海洋大学 A kind of preparation method of fish oil
CN109234007A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-18 华南理工大学 A kind of fish oil degumming discoloration method
CN111040873A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-21 安徽省新洲海洋生物制品有限公司 Fish oil processing, refining and filtering process

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107586591A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-01-16 浙江海洋大学 A kind of preparation method of fish oil
CN109234007A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-18 华南理工大学 A kind of fish oil degumming discoloration method
CN111040873A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-21 安徽省新洲海洋生物制品有限公司 Fish oil processing, refining and filtering process

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Application publication date: 20150701