CN104744757A - 一种亲水性除草环保型地膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:聚乙烯20-30份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯15-18份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯6-8份、环氧树脂3-5份、乙草胺0.6-0.8份、聚乙烯蜡2-4份、明胶1.2-1.5份、环氧大豆油2-4份、无机填料3-5份、添加剂4-6份。本发明制得的地膜含有棉纤维和丝纤维,能降解的均匀而彻底,无需回收,综合成本低;无机填料的加入解决了亲水性平衡的问题,使地膜能贴在地表,保温保湿效果明显,利于增产;乙草胺的加入使地膜除草效果好,避免了除草剂的挥发及污染环境,而且生产成本低,环保效益好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业技术领域,具体涉及一种亲水性除草环保型地膜。
背景技术
薄膜的气密性强,地膜覆盖后能显著地减少土壤水分蒸发,使土壤湿度稳定,并能长期保持湿润,有利于根系生长。在旱区可以采用人工造墒、补墒的方法进行抗旱播种。在较干旱的情况下,0-25厘米深的土层中土壤含水量一般比露地高50%以上。随着土层的加深,水分差异逐渐减小。
地膜覆盖后的作物生旺盛,蒸腾耗水较多,在相同的管理情况下易呈现缺水现象,应注意灌水,防止干旱减产。由于地膜覆盖有增温保湿的作用,因此有利于土壤微生物的增殖,加速腐殖质转化成无机盐的速度加快,有利作物吸收。据测定,覆盖地膜后速效性氮可增加30-50%,钾增加10-20%,磷增加20-30%。地膜覆盖后可减少养分的淋溶、流失、挥发,可提高养分的利用率。但是,地膜覆盖下的养分,在作物生前期较高,而后期则有减少的趋势。生产蔬菜时,后期应注意追肥,否则影响产量。此外,地膜覆盖可以避免因灌溉或雨水冲刷而造成的土壤板结现象,可以减少中耕的劳力,并能使土壤疏松,通透性好。
但是地膜覆盖栽培中相应产生一些不良影响,如多年覆盖地膜,残膜清除不净,造成土壤污染,由于盖膜后有机质分解快,作物利用率高,肥料补充的少,使土地肥力下降或因覆盖膜的管理不当也会造成早熟不增产,甚至有减产现象。在旱沙地、贫瘠土地、重粘质土地上,不宜采用地膜覆盖栽培。因此,采用地膜覆盖栽培必须掌握一定条件才能达到早熟高产,稳产地目的。
为解决农作物的正常耕作与保护环境及耕地之间的矛盾,市场迫切需要可降解的农用地膜, 目前有光降解、氧化降解、生物降解几种降解地膜的制造技术。但是,由于地膜需要在各地迥异的气候、土壤环境中满足不同农作物不同的保温、保墒期的要求,要能按时降解,既不能提前,也不能推迟。所以降解地膜必须根据各地气候、土壤环境和不同农作物保温保墒期的要求设计降解寿命,这对地膜制造商有着极高的精确调控降解周期的技术要求。由于技术难度大、生产成本较高,至今市场上鲜有成功的降解地膜产品。
现有技术制造地膜造成地膜的降解不均匀,降解不彻底,残留颗粒或碎片,造成二次污染;不能解决耐水性和亲水性的平衡问题,制成的地膜不能紧贴地表,容易被风吹走,作为地膜的功能性相对较差,而且很少有具有防虫功效的地膜,以此,生产一种亲水性除草环保型地膜具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,能降解的均匀而彻底,无需回收,综合成本低;解决了亲水性平衡的问题,保温保湿效果明显,除草效果好,环保效益好。
本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:
聚乙烯20-30份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯15-18份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯6-8份、环氧树脂3-5份、乙草胺0.6-0.8份、聚乙烯蜡2-4份、明胶1.2-1.5份、环氧大豆油2-4份、无机填料3-5份、添加剂4-6份。
上述的添加剂为丝纤维和棉纤维按重量比1:1组成的混合物。
上述的无机填料为碳酸钙和硅酸钠按照摩尔比5:1组成的混合物。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明制得的地膜含有棉纤维和丝纤维,能降解的均匀而彻底,无需回收,综合成本低。
2、无机填料的加入解决了亲水性平衡的问题,使地膜能贴在地表,保温保湿效果明显,利于增产。
3、乙草胺的加入使地膜除草效果好,避免了除草剂的挥发及污染环境,而且生产成本低,环保效益好。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:
聚乙烯20份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯15份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯6份、环氧树脂3份、乙草胺0.6份、聚乙烯蜡2份、明胶1.2份、环氧大豆油2份、碳酸钙和硅酸钠按照摩尔比5:1组成的无机填料3份、丝纤维和棉纤维按重量比1:1组成的添加剂4份。
实施例2
一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:
聚乙烯25份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯16份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯7份、环氧树脂4份、乙草胺0.7份、聚乙烯蜡3份、明胶1.3份、环氧大豆油3份、碳酸钙和硅酸钠按照摩尔比5:1组成的无机填料4份、丝纤维和棉纤维按重量比1:1组成的添加剂5份。
实施例3
一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:
聚乙烯30份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯18份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯8份、环氧树脂5份、乙草胺0.8份、聚乙烯蜡4份、明胶1.5份、环氧大豆油4份、碳酸钙和硅酸钠按照摩尔比5:1组成的无机填料5份、丝纤维和棉纤维按重量比1:1组成的添加剂6份。
Claims (3)
1.一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,原料各组分按照重量分组成如下:
聚乙烯20-30份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯15-18份、叔丁过氧异丙基苯6-8份、环氧树脂3-5份、乙草胺0.6-0.8份、聚乙烯蜡2-4份、明胶1.2-1.5份、环氧大豆油2-4份、无机填料3-5份、添加剂4-6份。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,所述的添加剂为丝纤维和棉纤维按重量比1:1组成的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的一种亲水性除草环保型地膜,其特征在于,所述的无机填料为碳酸钙和硅酸钠按照摩尔比5:1组成的混合物。
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105037898A (zh) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 山东惠民惠星塑料制品有限责任公司 | 一种耐候型环保增产抗病地膜的制造工艺 |
CN107163358A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-15 | 宿松县柳溪茶厂 | 一种茶树种植防水聚乙烯塑料地膜 |
CN107337835A (zh) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-10 | 宿松县罗汉宕农林开发有限公司 | 一种不易断裂耐老化茶叶种植抗菌塑料地膜 |
CN107371919A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-24 | 广东乐将生物科技有限公司 | 一种保温保水的压条环保地膜 |
CN111962207A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-20 | 浙江树人学院(浙江树人大学) | 一种蔬菜大棚双沟除草膜及其制备方法 |
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2013
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105037898A (zh) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 山东惠民惠星塑料制品有限责任公司 | 一种耐候型环保增产抗病地膜的制造工艺 |
CN107371919A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-24 | 广东乐将生物科技有限公司 | 一种保温保水的压条环保地膜 |
CN107337835A (zh) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-10 | 宿松县罗汉宕农林开发有限公司 | 一种不易断裂耐老化茶叶种植抗菌塑料地膜 |
CN107163358A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-15 | 宿松县柳溪茶厂 | 一种茶树种植防水聚乙烯塑料地膜 |
CN111962207A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-20 | 浙江树人学院(浙江树人大学) | 一种蔬菜大棚双沟除草膜及其制备方法 |
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