CN104732870A - Measurement method and system for manufacturing large-scale map - Google Patents

Measurement method and system for manufacturing large-scale map Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104732870A
CN104732870A CN201310722187.1A CN201310722187A CN104732870A CN 104732870 A CN104732870 A CN 104732870A CN 201310722187 A CN201310722187 A CN 201310722187A CN 104732870 A CN104732870 A CN 104732870A
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satellite remote
image
sensing image
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map
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CN104732870B (en
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虞欣
杨伯钢
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Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping
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Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B29/00—Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram
    • G09B29/003—Maps
    • G09B29/004—Map manufacture or repair; Tear or ink or water resistant maps; Long-life maps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying

Abstract

The invention discloses a measurement method and system for manufacturing a large-scale map. The method includes the following steps: original multi-spectral satellite remote sensing image data are fused to obtain color satellite remote sensing images; the color satellite remote sensing images are read, and a satellite remote sensing image list is generated; the satellite remote sensing images of every two adjacent sceneries in the satellite remote sensing image list serve as a stereoscopic model, and a model list is constructed; scheme layout control points are distributed according to preset control points, field measurement on object space coordinates of the control points is carried out, the control points are measured according to the spatial model, and image space coordinates of the control points are obtained; according to the object space coordinates and the image space coordinates, a rational function model and the image space affine are used for conducting block adjustment calculation, and a final spatial model is obtained; according to the final spatial model, topographic map elements are collected according to the large-scale topographic map element collecting requirement, and a final digital line map is generated. Influences of the atmosphere and the topography on the measurement method and system are small, and the manpower, the material resources and the financial resources are saved.

Description

Make measuring method and the system of large-scale map
Technical field
The present invention relates to survey field, particularly relate to a kind of measuring method and the system that make large-scale map.
Background technology
At present, in Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing field, photogrammetric measurement plotting method is the Main Means carrying out national fundamental GIS production and renewal.Although aviation image mapping has perfect theoretical foundation and the technological process of production of relative maturity, but there is following defect: (1) is due to when obtaining aviation image, boat is taken the photograph highly lower, cause aviation image quality comparatively serious by the impact of air and landform, therefore before carrying out aeroplane photography, must investigate situations such as survey district weather, weather, landform, reasonable arrangement boat takes the photograph time, flying height and course line, this just makes the Up-to-date state obtaining data poor, and hinders the renewal of topomap to a certain extent; (2) because the film size of aeroplane photography instrument is generally 23cm × 23cm, be subject to the impact of flying height, the scope that it covers is less, survey and draw aviation image quantity needed for the topomap compared with large regions more, the number at thus required measurement field operation reference mark is also more, add the workload of interior industry process, time of at substantial, human and material resources and financial resources simultaneously; (3) mapping of some special circumstances can not be carried out, such as: the situations such as border mapping, depopulated zone mapping, no-fly zone mapping.
Sub-meter grade High Resolution Remote Sensing Satellites adopts linear array CCD sensor mostly, according to push-broom type scanning imagery.Ccd sensor can obtained with rail stereogram along on rail direction by forward sight and backsight, and obtains different rail stereogram with certain angle left and right side-looking wearing on rail direction.Different from aviation image, because the orbit altitude of sub-meter grade High Resolution Remote Sensing Satellites is generally at hundreds of kilometer, satellite remote-sensing image is less by the impact of air and landform, the width of image strip is generally at tens kilometers, the scope covered is also comparatively large, is thus very suitable for the mapping of the situations such as border, depopulated zone and no-fly zone.In addition, remote sensing satellite, by orbital period motion, can carry out repeatedly repeated measures to areal, can strengthen the actuality of data within a short period of time, accelerates the renewal speed of topomap.Compared with aviation image plotting method, the human and material resources spent by sub-meter grade high resolution ratio satellite remote-sensing image mapping are relatively little.
In sum, how realizing one and use manpower and material resources sparingly, and affect the little photogrammetric survey method utilizing satellite remote-sensing image making large-scale map by outside environmental elements, is a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary to provide one to utilize satellite remote-sensing image, use manpower and material resources sparingly, and affect measuring method and the system of little making large-scale map by outside environmental elements.
For realizing a kind of measuring method making large-scale map that the object of the invention provides, comprise the following steps:
S100, merges original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtains colored satellite remote-sensing image;
S200, reads described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list;
S300, using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, builds the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model;
S400, lays reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, measure described reference mark according to described stereoscopic model, obtain the image space coordinate at described reference mark;
S500, according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model;
S600, according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.
As a kind of embodiment, step S600, comprises the following steps:
S610, utilizes least square method, carries out aerotriangulation to described final stereoscopic model, sets up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet;
S620, according to the collection requirement of large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap;
S630, according to described outer orientation parameter, the locus of topomap key element described in stereo measurement;
S640, determines the attribute information of described topomap key element according to situation on the spot, and carries out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure requirement of topomap;
S650, by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location;
S660, exports final digital line and draws map.
As a kind of embodiment, further comprising the steps of before step S620:
S6020, according to default large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, carries out framing to described final stereoscopic model and cuts.
As a kind of embodiment, step S200 comprises the following steps:
S210, utilizes image function reading, whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image is read in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk;
S220, according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
As a kind of embodiment, step S400 comprises the following steps:
S410, to the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, reads left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtains the image information in described tfw file;
S420, calculates the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file;
S430, lays reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme;
S440, according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at reference mark described in stereo measurement, the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
As a kind of embodiment, also comprise step S060 before step S600, whether the area adjustment detecting described final stereoscopic model exists systematic error, if do not exist, then continues to perform step S600; If exist, then return execution step S400 and re-start calculating.
Based on a kind of measuring system making large-scale map of same inventive concept, comprise chromatic image acquisition module, image list module, model module, control points layout module, balancing calculation of GPS net module, and map generation module, wherein:
Described chromatic image acquisition module, for merging original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtains colored satellite remote-sensing image;
Described image list module, for reading described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list;
Described model module, for using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, build the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model;
Described control points layout module, for laying reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and obtains the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and the image space coordinate at the described reference mark measured;
Described balancing calculation of GPS net module, for according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model;
Described map generation module, for according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.
As a kind of embodiment making the measuring system of large-scale map, described map generation module comprises orientation parameter and obtains submodule, and key element gathers submodule, positional information obtains submodule, and attribute information obtains submodule, ordinate transform submodule, result output submodule, wherein:
Described orientation parameter obtains submodule, for utilizing least square method, carrying out aerotriangulation to described final stereoscopic model, setting up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet;
Described key element gathers submodule, and for the collection requirement according to large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap;
Described positional information obtains submodule, for obtaining according to described outer orientation parameter, and the locus of the described topomap key element of stereo measurement;
Described attribute information obtains submodule, determines for obtaining and requires the attribute information of the described topomap key element carrying out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure of topomap according to situation on the spot;
Described ordinate transform submodule, for by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location;
Described result output submodule, draws map for exporting final digital line.
As a kind of measuring system embodiment making large-scale map, described map generation module also comprises and cuts submodule, for according to presetting large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, framing being carried out to described final stereoscopic model and cuts.
As a kind of embodiment making the measuring system of large-scale map, described image list module comprises reading submodule and list generates submodule, wherein:
Described reading submodule, for utilizing image function reading, reads in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk by whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image;
Described list generates submodule, for according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
As a kind of embodiment making the measuring system of large-scale map, described control points layout module comprises tfw file reading submodule, overlapping region calculating sub module, lays submodule, and coordinate association submodule, wherein:
Described tfw file reading submodule, for the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, reads left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtains the image information in described tfw file;
Described overlapping region calculating sub module, for calculating the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file;
Described laying submodule, for laying reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme;
Described coordinate association submodule, for obtaining according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at the described reference mark of stereo measurement, and the object coordinates at the described reference mark of field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
As a kind of embodiment making the measuring system of large-scale map, also comprise systematic error judge module, whether there is systematic error for the area adjustment detecting described final stereoscopic model, if do not exist, then rotatably figure generation module processes; If exist, then turn balancing calculation of GPS net module and re-start calculating.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises:
A kind of measuring method and system making large-scale map provided by the invention, compared with traditional Aerial Photogrammetry, use satellite remote-sensing image, overcome aviation image and take the photograph the highly lower impact causing aviation image quality to be subject to the impact of air and landform comparatively serious owing to navigating, and substantially increase the coverage of remote sensing image, thus decrease the quantity at reference mark, and then save a large amount of time, human and material resources and financial resources.In addition, also achieve the mapping of special circumstances, as border mapping, depopulated zone mapping, no-fly zone mapping etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram making a specific embodiment of the measuring method of large-scale map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of X-direction histogram of error making a measured zone in a specific embodiment of the measuring method of large-scale map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of Y-direction histogram of error making a measured zone in a specific embodiment of the measuring method of large-scale map of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of system architecture schematic diagram making a specific embodiment of the measuring system of large-scale map of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the measuring method of the making large-scale map of the embodiment of the present invention and system are described.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The measuring method of the making large-scale map of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
S100, merges original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtains colored satellite remote-sensing image.
Registration is carried out to original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, and adopt Pansharp algorithm to be fused into chromatic image to it, and engineering correlation parameter is set, include but not limited to: the precision etc. at the spatial resolution of satellite remote-sensing image, planimetric coordinates system, elevation coordinate system, preset scale, reference mark.
S200, reads described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
Described image list comprises read institute's chromatic colour satellite remote-sensing image.
Satellite remote-sensing image list comprises the colored satellite remote-sensing image of 10 scapes in embodiments of the present invention, arranges in order.
S300, using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, builds the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model.
It should be noted that, from satellite remote-sensing image list, choose two adjacent scapes form a stereoscopic model, the satellite remote-sensing image that now position is forward is in lists as left, and position satellite remote-sensing image is rearward as right herein; From list, choose satellite remote-sensing image in turn form stereoscopic model, all formed stereoscopic models form a model list by formation order.
As image list comprises 10 scape satellite remote-sensing images, first scape satellite remote-sensing image forms first stereoscopic model as left and the second scape satellite remote-sensing image as right, second scape satellite remote-sensing image forms second stereoscopic model as left and the 3rd satellite remote-sensing image as right,, the 9th scape satellite remote-sensing image forms the 9th stereoscopic model as left and the tenth satellite remote-sensing image as right.
S400, lays reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, measure described reference mark according to described stereoscopic model, obtain the image space coordinate at described reference mark.
Lay reference mark according to the control points layout method preset, described default control point layout scheme can preset, as laid a flat high reference mark every 4-6 kilometer; Adopt total powerstation or GPS field survey reference mark, and the object coordinates of record controls point; And under steric environment, use anaglyph spectacles measurement control point, and record the image space coordinate at each reference mark.
S500, according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model.
Corresponding mathematical model, conversion and adjustment Models are as follows:
(1) RPC model
x = Num 1 ( B , L , H ) Den 1 ( B , L , H ) - - - ( 1 )
y = Num 2 ( B , L , H ) Den 2 ( B , L , H ) - - - ( 2 )
In above formula (1), (2), Num 1(B, L, H), Den 1(B, L, H), Num 2(B, L, H), Den 2the cubic polynomial that (B, L, H) is B, L, H; The ground coordinate that (B, L, H) is regularization; The image coordinate that (x, y) is regularization;
Num 1(B,L,H)＝c 11B 3+c 12B 2L+c 13BL 2+c 14L 3+c 15L 2H…+c 120H 3；
Den 1(B,L,H)＝c 31B 3+c 32B 2L+c 33BL 2+c 34L 3+c 35L 2H…+c 320H 3；
Num 2(B,L,H)＝c 21B 3+c 22B 2L+c 23BL 2+c 24L 3+c 25L 2H…+c 220H 3；
Den 2(B, L, H)=c 41b 3+ c 42b 2l+c 43bL 2+ c 44l 3+ c 45l 2h ... + c 420h 3; Wherein, c 11and c 21for constant, i.e. c 11=c 21=1.
(2) affined transformation
m＝a 0+a 1x+a 2y （3）
n＝b 0+b 1x+b 2y （4）
In formula (3), (4), (m, n) is the measurement coordinate of reference mark on image, (x, y) for ground control point utilizes RPC to project to the projection value of image plane, this conversion parameter together with RPC model parameter as the satellite parametric reduction of equivalent strict imaging geometry model.A 0, a 1, a 2for the affined transformation coefficient of X-direction, b 0, b 1, b 2for the affined transformation coefficient of Y-direction.
(3) adjustment mathematical model
Following error equation can be listed to each gauge point according to formula (3) and (4).
V＝At+CK-l （5）
In formula, l is the vector with V with same components number;
V＝(v x,v y) T（6）
A = ∂ x ∂ a 0 . . . ∂ x ∂ b 1 ∂ x ∂ b 2 ∂ y ∂ a 0 . . . ∂ y ∂ b 1 ∂ y ∂ b 2 - - - ( 7 )
C = ∂ x ∂ B ∂ x ∂ L ∂ x ∂ H ∂ y ∂ B ∂ y ∂ L ∂ y ∂ H - - - ( 8 )
t＝(Δa 0,Δa 1,Δa 2,Δb 0,Δb 1,Δb 2) T（9）
K＝(ΔB,ΔL,ΔH) T（10）
S600, according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.Require to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, form digital line and draw map.
The measuring method of the making large-scale map of the embodiment of the present invention, compared with traditional Aerial Photogrammetry, use satellite remote-sensing image, overcome aviation image and take the photograph the highly lower impact causing aviation image quality to be subject to the impact of air and landform comparatively serious owing to navigating, and substantially increase the coverage of remote sensing image, thus decrease the quantity at field operation reference mark, and then save a large amount of time, human and material resources and financial resources.In addition, also achieve the mapping of special circumstances, as border mapping, depopulated zone mapping, no-fly zone mapping etc.
Preferably, as a kind of embodiment, in step S400, the laying at reference mark can be carried out in accordance with the following steps:
If four angle points of satellite remote-sensing image overlapping region, left and right are A(northwest corner), B(northeast corner), C(southeast corner) and, D(southwest corner).Meanwhile, suppose that DA or CB is satellite transit direction, i.e. course, AB or DC be other to.
First, on AC direction, apart from the flat high reference mark of A point 100 meters of layings one.Secondly, on BD direction, apart from the flat high reference mark of B point 100 meters of layings one.
Then, a flat high reference mark is laid in the midpoint of AB.
Then, C point and D point are laid respectively two flat high reference mark.
Finally, lay a flat high reference mark in the point of intersection of AC and BD, complete the laying at reference mark.
Adopt the method to lay reference mark, the reference mark of laying than traditional control points layout method is few, and convenient process, measures efficiency high.
Wherein in an embodiment, step S600, comprises the following steps:
S610, utilizes least square method, carries out aerotriangulation to described final stereoscopic model, sets up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet.
According to the principle of least square, to the satellite remote-sensing image picture pair be made up of left and right sheet, carry out aerotriangulation, the outer orientation parameter of both foundation, comprise three line elements (Xs, Ys, Zs) and three angle elements
Described line element and angle element are known to the skilled person technology, no longer describe in detail herein.
S620, according to the collection requirement of large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap.
According to the collection requirement of large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly.
S630, according to described outer orientation parameter, the locus of topomap key element described in stereo measurement.
S640, determines the attribute information of described topomap key element according to situation on the spot, and carries out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure requirement of topomap.
The locus of stereo measurement topomap key element, and determine corresponding attribute information according to situation on the spot.
When running into the place (places different from satellite remote-sensing image) changed on the spot, the benefit of carrying out on the spot is surveyed and is painted with benefit, and edits data and arrange, and comprises the integrality of topomap key element, and the topological structure etc. of figure.
S650, by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location.
As when drawing Beijing's map, topomap is converted to Beijing local coordinate system.
S660, exports final digital line and draws map.
According to the requirement of result output, comprise scaling etc., export the digital line measured and draw map.
Wherein in an embodiment, before step S620, also comprise step S6020, according to default large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, framing is carried out to described final stereoscopic model and cuts.According to the size of landform map sheet, the framing that certain surrounding extends out is comprised to stereoscopic model, that carries out certain limit extends out when being conducive to making large regions map and the edge fit of adjoining sheet, carries out being spliced to form large regions map with the topomap that described multiple stereoscopic models obtain respectively.
Wherein in an embodiment, step S200 comprises the following steps:
S210, utilizes image to read (ImageReader) function, whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image is read in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk.
S220, according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
In the embodiment of the present invention, use image function reading to open satellite remote-sensing image, and read in.
The data volume of usual sub-meter grade high-resolution remote sensing image is comparatively large, the data volume at least 2GB of general every scape remote sensing image.
The embodiment of the present invention utilizes image function reading, open up one piece of temporary memory space on the computer's hard as virtual memory, and whole stereogram is read in the storage space of virtual memory, with traditional technology, sub-meter grade high-resolution satellite stereogram part is read in calculator memory, continually from hard disk compared with the swapping data of internal memory, substantially increase the efficiency of digital independent.
Wherein in an embodiment, step S400 comprises the following steps:
S410, to the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, reads left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtains the image information in described tfw file.
Described TFW(TIFF World File) file is text about TIFF image coordinate information.Described TIFF(Tagged Image File Format) be one picture format more flexibly.
S420, calculates the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file.
S430, lays reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme.
S440, according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at reference mark described in stereo measurement, the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
Described incidence relation is that image space coordinate corresponding to same reference mark and object coordinates set up corresponding relation.
Wherein in an embodiment, also comprise step S060 before step S600, whether the area adjustment detecting described final stereoscopic model exists systematic error, if do not exist, then continues to perform step S600; If exist, then return execution step S400 and re-start calculating.
As a kind of embodiment, in step S060, whether detection exists systematic error can comprise the following steps:
S101, reads the RPC Parameter File that the left and right sheet satellite remote-sensing image of described final stereoscopic model is corresponding.Parameter comprises 78 rational function coefficients (c see in formula (1) and formula (2)).
S102, reads the image space coordinate of checkpoint from picture point file.Described checkpoint is the sample that will carry out systematic error checking of setting.Comprise the image space coordinate reading left checkpoint, i.e. (xleft, yleft); And read the image space coordinate of right checkpoint, i.e. (xright, yright).
S103, reads the object coordinates of checkpoint, and imports in project file from picture point file.
Comprise the data of aforementioned carried out image space coordinate measure and object coordinates measurement in wherein said picture point file, also comprise other associated parameter data of picture point.In cartography process, the related data of each picture point related to can obtain from picture point file.Picture point file is in manufacturing process and the file that after completing, data store and check.
S104, by rational function model, forward intersection (namely passing through least square adjustment) obtains the object space adjusted value of checkpoint, i.e. (Xcheck, Ycheck, Zcheck).
S105, the residual error of calculating inspection point on X, Y two coordinate directions.
ΔX＝X-Xcheck，ΔY＝Y-Ycheck
S106, the residual distribution situation of check-up through statistical means point on X, Y two coordinate directions.
Such as, for a certain measured zone in X-coordinate deflection error, i.e. residual error, histogram as shown in Figure 2, the histogram of error is as shown in Figure 3 in the Y direction.
S107, carries out test of hypothesis to the average of residual vector.
Choose n checkpoint, the two-dimentional residual vector (p=2) of checkpoint forms residual matrix Δ = [ Δ 1 , Δ 2 , · · · Δ n ] = ΔX 1 ΔX 2 · · · ΔX n ΔY 1 ΔY 2 · · · ΔY n , The residual error average of checkpoint and covariance are respectively: μ and Σ, and sample average and sample variance are respectively: and Q.
Null hypothesis H 01: μ=μ 0=[0 0] t
Statistic is: T 0 2 = n ( n - p ) p ( X ‾ - μ 0 ) T Q - 1 ( X ‾ - μ 0 ) ~ F ( p , n - p )
Given level of significance α, finds F by F distribution (F-distribution) α(p, n-p), judges:
When time, refusal null hypothesis; Otherwise, accept null hypothesis.
S108, carries out test of hypothesis to the covariance matrix of residual vector.
Null hypothesis H 02: Σ = Σ 0 = 1 0 0 1 .
Statistic is: L = ( n - 1 ) [ tr ( Σ ^ Σ 0 1 ) - ln | Σ ^ Σ 0 - 1 | - p ] ~ L ( p , n - 1 ) , Wherein Σ ^ = n n - 1 Q .
Given level of significance α, finds L by L distribution (L-distribution) α(p, n-1), judges, as L>=L αtime, refusal null hypothesis; Otherwise, accept null hypothesis.
It should be noted that, step S107 and step S108 is used for the type of auxiliary judgement systematic error herein.When there is systematic error, can according to accepting null hypothesis H 01or accept null hypothesis H 02be judged to be mean value error or for variance error.
S109, according to card side's distribution (Chi-square Distribution) hypothesis testing method, detects whether there is systematic error respectively in X, Y both direction.
Pass through χ 2method of inspection (Chi-square Distribution, the side's of card Testing Statistical Hypotheses method) carries out the normal distribution whether test of hypothesis obeys standard, its null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis as follows, level of significance α gets 0.05.
H 03(null hypothesis): the distribution function of overall x is standardized normal distribution F (x);
H 1(alternative hypothesis): the distribution function of overall x is not standardized normal distribution F (x), namely there is systematic error;
If the observed result of n checkpoint is divided into k group, x iit is the number of times of a certain error burst appearance of i-th group.Null hypothesis H 03being the probability that observed result drops on i-th group is then claim m i=np iit is the theoretical frequency of i-th group.Inspection null hypothesis H 03object be comparative observation frequency x iwith theoretical frequency m ibetween difference whether remarkable.
Statistic T = Σ i = 1 k ( x i - m i ) 2 x i = Σ i = 1 k ( x i - np i ) 2 np i ~ χ 2 ( n ) , When time, refusal null hypothesis.Otherwise, accept null hypothesis.
Step S1010: according to test of hypothesis result, output detections result.Test of hypothesis result such as aforementioned measured zone is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 test of hypothesis result
Direction Sample size The value of statistic Whether obey standardized normal distribution
X 99 0.4652 Be
Y 99 0.2447 Be
Judged result obeys standardized normal distribution, then illustrate to there is not systematic error.The drafting of topomap can be proceeded according to current result of calculation.
Based on same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of measuring system making large-scale map, the principle of dealing with problems due to this system is similar to aforementioned a kind of measuring method making large-scale map, therefore, the enforcement of this system can realize according to the concrete steps of preceding method, repeats part and repeats no more.
As shown in Figure 4, one makes in the embodiment of the measuring system of large-scale map wherein, comprise chromatic image acquisition module 100, image list module 200, model module 300, control points layout module 400, balancing calculation of GPS net module 500, and map generation module 600, wherein: described chromatic image acquisition module 100, for merging original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtain colored satellite remote-sensing image; Described image list module 200, for reading described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list; Described model module 300, for using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, build the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model; Described control points layout module 400, for laying reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and obtains the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and the image space coordinate at the described reference mark measured; Described balancing calculation of GPS net module 500, for according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model; Described map generation module 600, for according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.
The measuring system of the making large-scale map of the embodiment of the present invention, compared with traditional aerophotogrammetry system, use satellite remote-sensing image, overcome aviation image and take the photograph the highly lower impact causing aviation image quality to be subject to the impact of air and landform comparatively serious owing to navigating, and substantially increase the coverage of remote sensing image, thus decrease the quantity at field operation reference mark, and then save a large amount of time, human and material resources and financial resources.In addition, also achieve the mapping of special circumstances, as border mapping, depopulated zone mapping, no-fly zone mapping etc.
Wherein in an embodiment, described map generation module 600 comprises orientation parameter and obtains submodule 610, key element gathers submodule 620, and positional information obtains submodule 630, and attribute information obtains submodule 640, ordinate transform submodule 650, result output submodule 660, wherein: described orientation parameter obtains submodule 610, for utilizing least square method, aerotriangulation is carried out to described final stereoscopic model, sets up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet; Described key element gathers submodule 620, and for the collection requirement according to large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap; Described positional information obtains submodule 630, for obtaining according to described outer orientation parameter, and the locus of the described topomap key element of stereo measurement; Described attribute information obtains submodule 640, determines for obtaining and requires the attribute information of the described topomap key element carrying out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure of topomap according to situation on the spot; Described ordinate transform submodule 650, for by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location; Described result output submodule 660, draws map for exporting final digital line
Wherein in an embodiment, described map generation module 600 also comprises and cuts submodule 670, for according to presetting large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, carrying out framing cut described final stereoscopic model.
Wherein in an embodiment, described image list module 200 comprises reading submodule 210 and list generates submodule 220, wherein: described reading submodule 210, for utilizing image function reading, whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image is read in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk; Described list generates submodule 220, for according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
In the embodiment of the present invention, use image to read (ImageReader) function and open satellite remote-sensing image, and read in, the data volume of usual sub-meter grade high-resolution remote sensing image is comparatively large, the data volume at least 2GB of general every scape remote sensing image.The embodiment of the present invention utilizes image function reading, open up one piece of temporary memory space on the computer's hard as virtual memory, and whole stereogram is read in virtual memory, with traditional technology, sub-meter grade high-resolution satellite stereogram part is read in calculator memory, continually from hard disk compared with the swapping data of internal memory, substantially increase the efficiency of digital independent.
Wherein in an embodiment, described control points layout module 400 comprises tfw file reading submodule 410, overlapping region calculating sub module 420, lay submodule 430, and coordinate association submodule 440, wherein: described tfw file reading submodule 410, for the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, read left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtain the image information in described tfw file; Described overlapping region calculating sub module 420, for calculating the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file; Described laying submodule 430, for laying reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme; Described coordinate association submodule 440, for obtaining according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at the described reference mark of stereo measurement, and the object coordinates at the described reference mark of field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
One makes in the embodiment of the measuring system of large-scale map wherein, and also comprise systematic error judge module, whether there is systematic error for the area adjustment detecting described final stereoscopic model, if do not exist, then rotatably figure generation module processes; If exist, then turn balancing calculation of GPS net module and re-start calculating.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (12)

1. make a measuring method for large-scale map, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S100, merges original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtains colored satellite remote-sensing image;
S200, reads described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list;
S300, using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, builds the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model;
S400, lays reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, measure described reference mark according to described stereoscopic model, obtain the image space coordinate at described reference mark;
S500, according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model;
S600, according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.
2. the measuring method of making large-scale map according to claim 1, is characterized in that step S600 comprises the following steps:
S610, utilizes least square method, carries out aerotriangulation to described final stereoscopic model, sets up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet;
S620, according to the collection requirement of large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap;
S630, according to described outer orientation parameter, the locus of topomap key element described in stereo measurement;
S640, determines the attribute information of described topomap key element according to situation on the spot, and carries out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure requirement of topomap;
S650, by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location;
S660, exports final digital line and draws map.
3. the measuring method of making large-scale map according to claim 2, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of before step S620:
S6020, according to default large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, carries out framing to described final stereoscopic model and cuts.
4. the measuring method of making large-scale map according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step S200 comprises the following steps:
S210, utilizes image function reading, whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image is read in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk;
S220, according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
5. the measuring method of making large-scale map according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step S400 comprises the following steps:
S410, to the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, reads left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtains the image information in described tfw file;
S420, calculates the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file;
S430, lays reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme;
S440, according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at reference mark described in stereo measurement, the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
6. the measuring method of the making large-scale map according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise step S060 before step S600, whether the area adjustment detecting described final stereoscopic model exists systematic error, if do not exist, then continue to perform step S600; If exist, then return execution step S400 and re-start calculating.
7. make a measuring system for large-scale map, it is characterized in that, comprise chromatic image acquisition module, image list module, model module, control points layout module, balancing calculation of GPS net module, and map generation module, wherein:
Described chromatic image acquisition module, for merging original multispectral satellite remote-sensing image data, obtains colored satellite remote-sensing image;
Described image list module, for reading described colored satellite remote-sensing image, and generates satellite remote-sensing image list;
Described model module, for using two adjacent scape satellite remote-sensing images every in described satellite remote-sensing image list as a stereoscopic model, build the model list be made up of described stereoscopic model;
Described control points layout module, for laying reference mark according to default control point layout scheme, and obtains the object coordinates at reference mark described in field survey, and the image space coordinate at the described reference mark measured;
Described balancing calculation of GPS net module, for according to the described image space coordinate in the described object coordinates at described reference mark and each described stereoscopic model, utilize rational function model and image space affine, carry out area adjustment calculating, and obtain final stereoscopic model;
Described map generation module, for according to described final stereoscopic model, requires to gather topomap key element according to the collection of large scale topographical map key element, generates final digital line and draw map.
8. the measuring system of making large-scale map according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described map generation module comprises orientation parameter and obtains submodule, key element gathers submodule, positional information obtains submodule, and attribute information obtains submodule, ordinate transform submodule, result output submodule, wherein:
Described orientation parameter obtains submodule, for utilizing least square method, carrying out aerotriangulation to described final stereoscopic model, setting up the outer orientation parameter of described final stereoscopic model left and right sheet;
Described key element gathers submodule, and for the collection requirement according to large scale topographical map, a point different topomap key element gathers accordingly, forms topomap;
Described positional information obtains submodule, for obtaining according to described outer orientation parameter, and the locus of the described topomap key element of stereo measurement;
Described attribute information obtains submodule, determines for obtaining and requires the attribute information of the described topomap key element carrying out editing and arranging according to the one-tenth figure of topomap according to situation on the spot;
Described ordinate transform submodule, for by described topomap from WGS84 ordinate transform to the local coordinate system of preset location;
Described result output submodule, draws map for exporting final digital line.
9. the measuring system of making large-scale map according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described map generation module also comprises and cuts submodule, for according to presetting large scale topographical map framing size, after surrounding extends out preset range, framing is carried out to described final stereoscopic model and cuts.
10. the measuring system of making large-scale map according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described image list module comprises reading submodule and list generates submodule, wherein:
Described reading submodule, for utilizing image function reading, reads in the interim storage space being used as virtual memory in hard disk by whole described colored satellite remote-sensing image;
Described list generates submodule, for according to read in colored satellite remote-sensing image, generates satellite remote-sensing image list.
The measuring system of 11. making large-scale maps according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described control points layout module comprises tfw file reading submodule, overlapping region calculating sub module, lays submodule, and coordinate association submodule, wherein:
Described tfw file reading submodule, for the arbitrary stereoscopic model in described model list, reads left satellite remote-sensing image of described stereoscopic model and tfw file corresponding to right satellite remote-sensing image respectively, and obtains the image information in described tfw file;
Described overlapping region calculating sub module, for calculating the actual overlapping region of described left satellite remote-sensing image and right satellite remote-sensing image according to the image information in tfw file;
Described laying submodule, for laying reference mark according to described actual overlapping region and default control point layout scheme;
Described coordinate association submodule, for obtaining according to described stereoscopic model, the image space coordinate at the described reference mark of stereo measurement, and the object coordinates at the described reference mark of field survey, and set up the incidence relation between described image space coordinate and described object coordinates.
The measuring system of 12. making large-scale maps according to any one of claim 7 to 11, it is characterized in that, also comprise systematic error judge module, whether the area adjustment for detecting described final stereoscopic model exists systematic error, if do not exist, then rotatably figure generation module processes; If exist, then turn balancing calculation of GPS net module and re-start calculating.
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