CN104732097B - The modification method of power spectrum in the strong lower railroad bridge identification of mode frequency of signal interference - Google Patents
The modification method of power spectrum in the strong lower railroad bridge identification of mode frequency of signal interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种强信号干扰下铁路桥梁模态频率识别中功率谱数据的修正方法。将加速度传感器安装在铁路桥梁上,对加速度传感器获取的时域振动信号进行功率谱分析,得到实测功率谱曲线;建立铁路桥梁有限元分析模型,并进行动力特性分析得到铁路桥梁的理论模态频率,根据理论模态频率确定实测功率谱曲线的待修正频率区间;采用D‑S证据理论对实测功率谱曲线在待修正频率区间内的数据进行修正,根据修正后功率谱曲线的峰值位置识别出铁路桥梁的实测模态频率。本发明对铁路桥梁实测功率谱数据进行修正后,能准确地识别出铁路桥梁的模态频率,有效地克服了强信号干扰对实测功率谱数据造成的不利影响,必将得到广泛的应用和推广。
The invention discloses a method for correcting power spectrum data in modal frequency identification of railway bridges under strong signal interference. Install the acceleration sensor on the railway bridge, analyze the power spectrum of the time-domain vibration signal obtained by the acceleration sensor, and obtain the measured power spectrum curve; establish the finite element analysis model of the railway bridge, and analyze the dynamic characteristics to obtain the theoretical modal frequency of the railway bridge , according to the theoretical modal frequency to determine the frequency interval of the measured power spectrum curve to be corrected; use the D-S evidence theory to correct the data of the measured power spectrum curve in the frequency range to be corrected, and identify the Measured modal frequencies of a railway bridge. After the present invention corrects the measured power spectrum data of the railway bridge, it can accurately identify the modal frequency of the railway bridge, effectively overcomes the adverse effects of strong signal interference on the measured power spectrum data, and will be widely used and popularized .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及铁路桥梁工程的无损检测领域,特别是一种应用于强信号干扰下铁路桥梁模态频率识别中功率谱数据的修正方法。The invention relates to the field of non-destructive testing of railway bridge engineering, in particular to a method for correcting power spectrum data in modal frequency identification of railway bridges under strong signal interference.
背景技术Background technique
高速列车在铁路桥梁上运行时可能产生比较大的振动,对高速列车运行安全和桥梁结构安全的影响必须予以重视。因此,针对铁路桥梁开展振动监测,对于保障铁路桥梁运营安全具有重要的应用价值。铁路桥梁振动监测的重要内容是识别出桥梁模态频率,通过模态频率的变化反映铁路桥梁的振动状态。桥梁模态频率识别的常用方法是基于功率谱分析的峰值拾取法,即在桥梁结构上安装加速度传感器,通过加速度传感器采集结构振动的时域信号,然后对振动时域信号进行功率谱分析得到功率谱曲线,根据功率谱曲线在结构模态频率处出现峰值的原理可以直接从功率谱图上识别出桥梁模态频率。峰值拾取法在公路桥梁结构的模态频率识别中得到了广泛应用。High-speed trains may generate relatively large vibrations when running on railway bridges, and the impact on the safety of high-speed trains and bridge structures must be taken seriously. Therefore, carrying out vibration monitoring for railway bridges has important application value for ensuring the operation safety of railway bridges. The important content of railway bridge vibration monitoring is to identify the modal frequency of the bridge, and reflect the vibration state of the railway bridge through the change of the modal frequency. The common method of bridge modal frequency identification is the peak picking method based on power spectrum analysis, that is, an acceleration sensor is installed on the bridge structure, and the time domain signal of structural vibration is collected through the acceleration sensor, and then the power spectrum analysis is performed on the vibration time domain signal to obtain the power Spectral curve, according to the principle that the power spectrum curve has a peak value at the structural modal frequency, the bridge modal frequency can be directly identified from the power spectrum diagram. The peak picking method has been widely used in the modal frequency identification of highway bridge structures.
然而,铁路桥梁采用峰值拾取法识别模态频率时,存在强信号干扰的问题。这是由于铁路桥梁的线路工程中安装了多种仪表和通讯设备,用以传递有关机车车辆运行条件、行车设备状态以及行车的指示和命令等信息。这些仪表和通讯设备会对铁路桥梁的振动时域信号中产生显著的强干扰信号,导致功率谱曲线上不仅有桥梁实测模态频率对应的峰值,同时也有各类干扰信号所引起的“伪”峰值,后者引起的“伪”峰值具有随机性。因此,强干扰信号会导致功率谱图较为紊乱,无法直接根据功率谱峰值确定铁路桥梁的模态频率。However, when the peak picking method is used to identify the modal frequencies of railway bridges, there is a problem of strong signal interference. This is because a variety of instruments and communication equipment are installed in the line engineering of railway bridges to transmit information about the operating conditions of rolling stock, the status of driving equipment, and instructions and orders for driving. These instruments and communication equipment will produce significant strong interference signals in the vibration time domain signal of the railway bridge, resulting in not only peaks corresponding to the measured modal frequency of the bridge on the power spectrum curve, but also "pseudo" caused by various interference signals. peaks, which cause "false" peaks that are random. Therefore, the strong interference signal will cause the power spectrum diagram to be more disordered, and the modal frequency of the railway bridge cannot be directly determined according to the peak value of the power spectrum.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供一种强信号干扰下铁路桥梁模态频率识别中功率谱的修正方法,用于解决峰值法识别铁路桥梁的模态频率时存在较多强干扰导致功率谱图较为紊乱,无法直接根据功率谱峰值确定铁路桥梁的模态频率的技术问题。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for correcting the power spectrum in the modal frequency identification of railway bridges under strong signal interference, which is used to solve the problems in identifying the modal frequencies of railway bridges using the peak method. The technical problem that the power spectrum diagram is relatively disordered due to strong interference, and the modal frequency of the railway bridge cannot be determined directly according to the peak value of the power spectrum.
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种强信号干扰下铁路桥梁模态频率识别中功率谱的修正方法,包括顺序执行的以下步骤:A method for correcting power spectrum in modal frequency identification of railway bridges under strong signal interference, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:
步骤一、将加速度传感器安装在铁路桥梁上,用以测量铁路桥梁的时域振动信号;Step 1, the acceleration sensor is installed on the railway bridge to measure the time domain vibration signal of the railway bridge;
步骤二、对加速度传感器获取的时域振动信号进行功率谱分析,得到实测功率谱曲线;Step 2, performing power spectrum analysis on the time-domain vibration signal acquired by the acceleration sensor to obtain a measured power spectrum curve;
步骤三、建立铁路桥梁有限元分析模型,并进行动力特性分析,得到铁路桥梁的理论模态频率fD;并根据理论模态频率fD确定实测功率谱曲线的待修正频率区间为[f1,f2],其中,频率区间的下限值f1=fD×0.9,频率区间的上限值f2=fD×1.1;Step 3, establish the finite element analysis model of the railway bridge, and perform dynamic characteristic analysis to obtain the theoretical modal frequency f D of the railway bridge; and determine the frequency interval to be corrected for the measured power spectrum curve according to the theoretical modal frequency f D as [f 1 ,f 2 ], wherein, the lower limit value of the frequency interval f 1 =f D ×0.9, the upper limit value of the frequency interval f 2 =f D ×1.1;
步骤四、采用D-S证据理论对步骤二得到的实测功率谱曲线在待修正频率区间[f1,f2]内的数据进行修正;Step 4. Use DS evidence theory to correct the data in the frequency range [f 1 , f 2 ] of the measured power spectrum curve obtained in step 2;
步骤五、根据修正后功率谱曲线的峰值位置识别出铁路桥梁的实测模态频率fE。Step 5: Identify the measured modal frequency f E of the railway bridge according to the peak position of the corrected power spectrum curve.
进一步的,在本发明中,步骤二中,每10分钟获得一组实测功率谱曲线;步骤四中,修正的方法如下:对于在频率区间[f1,f2]内的频率值fi,m1(fi)、m2(fi)、m3(fi)、m4(fi)、m5(fi)、m6(fi)分别为1小内获得的6组实测功率谱曲线中对应频率值fi的功率谱值;按照下列(1)至(5)式计算出该小时内频率值fi对应的修正后的功率谱值M(fi):Further, in the present invention, in step 2, a set of measured power spectrum curves is obtained every 10 minutes; in step 4, the correction method is as follows: for the frequency value f i within the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ], m 1 (f i ), m 2 (f i ), m 3 (f i ), m 4 (f i ), m 5 (f i ), m 6 (f i ) are 6 groups obtained within 1 hour respectively The power spectrum value corresponding to the frequency value f i in the measured power spectrum curve; calculate the corrected power spectrum value M(f i ) corresponding to the frequency value f i within the hour according to the following formulas (1) to (5):
对频率区间[f1,f2]内所有频率值对应的实测功率谱值均按上述方法进行修正,最终得到修正后的功率谱曲线。The measured power spectrum values corresponding to all frequency values in the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ] are corrected according to the above method, and finally the corrected power spectrum curve is obtained.
有益效果:铁路桥梁由于线路工程中存在显著的强干扰信号,导致功率谱图较为紊乱,无法根据功率谱峰值确定铁路桥梁的模态频率。本发明采用D-S证据理论对实测功率谱数据进行修正,能够有效抑制强干扰信号引起的功率谱值,并且显著放大实测模态频率对应的功率谱值,从而可以准确识别铁路桥梁的模态频率。该方法实施起来简捷方便,可得到广泛推广与应用。Beneficial effects: Due to the significant strong interference signal in the line engineering of the railway bridge, the power spectrum diagram is relatively disordered, and the modal frequency of the railway bridge cannot be determined according to the peak value of the power spectrum. The invention adopts the D-S evidence theory to correct the measured power spectrum data, which can effectively suppress the power spectrum value caused by the strong interference signal, and remarkably amplify the power spectrum value corresponding to the measured modal frequency, so that the modal frequency of the railway bridge can be accurately identified. The method is simple and convenient to implement, and can be widely promoted and applied.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中京沪高铁南京大胜关大桥的主视图;Fig. 1 is the front view of Nanjing Dashengguan Bridge of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中6组实测功率谱曲线在待修正频率区间内的数据;Fig. 2 is the data of 6 groups of measured power spectrum curves in the frequency interval to be corrected in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中在待修正频率区间内修正后的功率谱曲线。Fig. 3 is a power spectrum curve after correction in the frequency interval to be corrected in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明的一种强信号干扰下铁路桥梁模态频率识别中功率谱的修正方法,该方法包括如下步骤:A method for correcting power spectrum in railway bridge modal frequency identification under strong signal interference of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
(1)将加速度传感器安装在铁路桥梁上,用以测量铁路桥梁的时域振动信号;(1) The acceleration sensor is installed on the railway bridge to measure the time domain vibration signal of the railway bridge;
(2)以10分钟为计算区间,对加速度传感器获取的时域振动信号进行功率谱分析,1小时内可以得到6组实测功率谱曲线;(2) With 10 minutes as the calculation interval, the power spectrum analysis is performed on the time-domain vibration signal obtained by the acceleration sensor, and 6 sets of measured power spectrum curves can be obtained within 1 hour;
(3)建立铁路桥梁有限元分析模型,并进行动力特性分析,得到铁路桥梁的理论模态频率fD。根据理论模态频率fD确定实测功率谱曲线的待修正频率区间为[f1,f2],其中,频率区间的下限值f1为f1=fD×0.9,频率区间的上限值f2为f2=fD×1.1。(3) Establish the finite element analysis model of the railway bridge and analyze the dynamic characteristics to obtain the theoretical modal frequency f D of the railway bridge. According to the theoretical modal frequency f D , the frequency interval to be corrected for the measured power spectrum curve is determined as [f 1 , f 2 ], where the lower limit value f 1 of the frequency interval is f 1 = f D × 0.9, and the upper limit of the frequency interval The value f 2 is f 2 =f D ×1.1.
(4)以1小时为计算区间,采用D-S证据理论对步骤(2)得到的6组实测功率谱曲线在待修正频率区间[f1,f2]内的数据进行修正:(4) Taking 1 hour as the calculation interval, the DS evidence theory is used to correct the data of the six groups of measured power spectrum curves obtained in step (2) within the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ] to be corrected:
(4a)设fi为频率区间[f1,f2]内的某一个频率值,m1(fi)、m2(fi)、m3(fi)、m4(fi)、m5(fi)、m6(fi)分别为6组实测功率谱曲线中对应频率fi的功率谱值,则修正后的功率谱值M(fi)按下述公式计算(T1(fi)、T2(fi)、T3(fi)和T4(fi)均为中间计算结果):(4a) Let f i be a certain frequency value in the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ], m 1 (f i ), m 2 (f i ), m 3 (f i ), m 4 (f i ) , m 5 (f i ), m 6 (f i ) are the power spectrum values corresponding to the frequency f i in the six groups of measured power spectrum curves respectively, then the corrected power spectrum value M(f i ) is calculated according to the following formula ( T 1 (f i ), T 2 (f i ), T 3 (f i ) and T 4 (f i ) are intermediate calculation results):
(4b)对频率区间[f1,f2]内所有频率值对应的实测功率谱值均按步骤(4a)进行修正,最终得到修正后的功率谱曲线。(4b) Correct the measured power spectrum values corresponding to all frequency values in the frequency interval [f 1 , f 2 ] according to step (4a), and finally obtain the corrected power spectrum curve.
(5)根据修正后功率谱曲线的峰值位置识别出铁路桥梁的实测模态频率fE。(5) Identify the measured modal frequency f E of the railway bridge according to the peak position of the corrected power spectrum curve.
实施例:Example:
下面以京沪高铁南京大胜关大桥模态频率识别为例,说明本发明的具体实施过程:Taking the modal frequency recognition of the Nanjing Dashengguan Bridge of the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway as an example below, the specific implementation process of the present invention is illustrated:
(1)南京大胜关大桥的整体结构如图1所示,在桥梁跨中位置安装一个竖向加速度传感器,用以测量铁路桥梁的时域振动信号。(1) The overall structure of Nanjing Dashengguan Bridge is shown in Figure 1. A vertical acceleration sensor is installed at the mid-span position of the bridge to measure the time-domain vibration signal of the railway bridge.
(2)以10分钟为计算区间,对加速度传感器获取的时域振动信号进行功率谱分析,1小时内可以得到6组实测功率谱曲线。(2) With 10 minutes as the calculation interval, the power spectrum analysis is performed on the time-domain vibration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor, and 6 sets of measured power spectrum curves can be obtained within 1 hour.
(3)建立南京大胜关大桥的有限元分析模型,并进行动力特性分析(本实施例中给出了一阶竖向振动频率的分析结果)。计算表明,大胜关大桥一阶竖向振动的理论模态频率fD为0.3280Hz,因此,实测功率谱曲线的待修正频率区间为[0.2952Hz,0.3608Hz]。(3) Establish the finite element analysis model of Nanjing Dashengguan Bridge, and conduct dynamic characteristic analysis (the analysis results of the first-order vertical vibration frequency are given in this embodiment). The calculation shows that the theoretical modal frequency f D of the first-order vertical vibration of Dashengguan Bridge is 0.3280Hz, so the frequency range to be corrected for the measured power spectrum curve is [0.2952Hz, 0.3608Hz].
(4)步骤(2)得到的6组实测功率谱曲线在待修正频率区间[0.2952Hz,0.3608Hz]内的数据如图2所示。从图中可以看出,强信号干扰下多次识别的功率谱较为紊乱,无法有效确定桥梁一阶竖向振动频率。(4) The data of the six groups of measured power spectrum curves obtained in step (2) in the frequency range [0.2952Hz, 0.3608Hz] to be corrected are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the figure that the power spectrum identified multiple times under strong signal interference is relatively disordered, and the first-order vertical vibration frequency of the bridge cannot be effectively determined.
(5)对频率区间[0.2952Hz,0.3608Hz]内所有频率值对应的6组实测功率谱数据采用D-S证据理论进行修正,修正后的功率谱曲线如图3所示。从图中的峰值位置可以准确识别出一阶竖向振动的实测频率fE为0.3174Hz。因此,采用D-S证据理论对实测功率谱数据进行修正,能够有效抑制强干扰信号引起的功率谱值,并且显著放大实测模态频率对应的功率谱值,这表明该方法适用于铁路桥梁这类存在强信号干扰的结构模态频率识别。(5) The 6 groups of measured power spectrum data corresponding to all frequency values in the frequency interval [0.2952Hz, 0.3608Hz] are corrected using DS evidence theory, and the corrected power spectrum curve is shown in Figure 3. From the peak position in the figure, it can be accurately identified that the measured frequency f E of the first-order vertical vibration is 0.3174Hz. Therefore, using DS evidence theory to correct the measured power spectrum data can effectively suppress the power spectrum value caused by strong interference signals, and significantly amplify the power spectrum value corresponding to the measured modal frequency, which shows that this method is suitable for railway bridges. Structural modal frequency identification for strong signal interference.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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