CN104730104B - A kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity - Google Patents
A kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104730104B CN104730104B CN201510106712.6A CN201510106712A CN104730104B CN 104730104 B CN104730104 B CN 104730104B CN 201510106712 A CN201510106712 A CN 201510106712A CN 104730104 B CN104730104 B CN 104730104B
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- ball bed
- tube furnace
- thermocouple
- thermal conductivity
- measurement
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity, it includes：Gas cylinder, flowmeter, tube furnace, voltage-stablizer, air pump, temperature control system, and measurement and data analysis system；The gas cylinder, flowmeter, tube furnace, voltage-stablizer and air pump are sequentially connected by gas pipeline；The temperature control system is connected by power line with the tube furnace；The measurement and data analysis system are connected by data wire with the tube furnace；Wherein, the tube furnace includes：Ball bed wall, porous plate, thermocouple, heating rod and thermal probe；The ball bed wall, which is located at porous plate in the flat-temperature zone of tube furnace, its cavity surrounded, is filled with tritium multiplication agent bead, constitutes ball bed；The thermal probe is inserted in ball bed, and the heating rod vertical equity is arranged in ball bed, and the horizontal cross of the thermocouple is arranged in ball bed.By using measuring table disclosed by the invention, the reliability of measurement result is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor engineering technical field, more particularly to a kind of measurement for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity
Platform.
Background technology
Covering is the core component in controllable magnetic confinement nuclear fusion stack, and covering has the function of tritium propagation and energy transfer.
It is that can magnetic confinement fusion heap move towards the key of using energy source that can covering, which carry out effective tritium propagation,.In several covering schemes,
Solid blanket technical scheme has many advantages, such as, the program mainly uses ball bed structure breed fuel tritium, and tritium multiplication agent ball bed
It is main to be formed by 0.6~1.2mm of diameter lithium ceramic bead accumulation；Build tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity measuring table, research
The influence factor of ball bed thermal conductivity simultaneously sets up ball bed thermal conductivity data storehouse, particularly important to fusion reactor blanket Thermal Design.
Thermal conductivity measurement is general to use steady state method or Transient Method.The thermal conductivity of steady state method measurement of species is, it is necessary to treat test sample
This inside keeps stable thermograde.The scheme for measuring thermal conductivity using steady state method is a lot, mostly using stable state flat band method or
Stable state cylinder method, and experimental data is calculated using one-dimensional Fourier law；Transient Method method measurement of species thermal conductivity is, it is necessary in sample
Certain point adds the thermal pulse of moment inside product, and thermal pulse causes heat transfer, and thermal pulse is often provided by heater strip or heating plate.Transient state
Method calorimetric conductance common are heat-pole method, hotdisk methods and thermoprobe method.The dress of thermal conductivity is wherein measured using thermoprobe method
Put, it is less compared to other method device.
In the prior art, mainly using following scheme：1) using the thermal conductivity measurement scheme of transient state sonde method, in the program
The thermomechanical probe mechanism used includes an elongated pipeline, and enclosed inside has thermocouple and heater strip, and wherein heater strip is adopted
Arranged with the mode of turning back.But the thermal probe is oversized, and top is not sharpened, bottom does not dispose base, and measurement temperature is limited,
The requirement of tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity measurement can not be met.2) heated in thermal conductivity measurement scheme, the program in thermal probe
Silk doubling insertion needle tubing, length is equal to needle tubing length, uses Heat Conduction Differential Equations and the wall surface temperature of wall temperature rise and corresponding
Minute inversion procedure obtains thermal conductivity data.But, these thermal probe devices mainly apply in terms of soil, gas
Thermal conductivity is measured.
For the thermal conductivity of ball bed, possible influence factor has：The diameter of bead, the fill factor, curve factor of ball bed, the temperature of ball bed,
The pressure of purge gas, flow velocity of purge gas etc..Probed on ball bed thermal conductivity measurement and influence factor, foreign countries have built
There are several devices, such as：HECOP devices positioned at KIT use stable state flat band method, have probed into ball bed internal pressure and efficient thermal conductivity
Between relation；Japan Atomic can graduate relevant apparatus use transient hot wire technique, probed into stress-strain under alternate stress,
Relation under alternating temperature-changing between the strain of ball bed；SUPER-PEHTRA devices use stable state cylinder method, have probed into the internal temperature of ball bed
Degree and the relation between axial compressive force, alternating temperature-changing and strain.Existing relevant apparatus is using single measuring method, measurement dress
Put, systematic error be can not ignore；If only carrying out single experiment, it is contemplated that accidental error, the reliability of data is greatly reduced；
If carrying out that experiment measurement is repeated several times, ensure that each experiment measurement is carried out under the same conditions again, bring larger operation
Difficulty and the wasting of resources.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity, measurement result is improved
Reliability.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
(corresponding with claim).
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, while measuring ball bed thermal conductivity using steady state method and Transient Method
Rate, designs in ball bed and disposes two sets of negligible measurement apparatus that influence each other, and this two covering device can work in ball bed
Reliable and stable operation in the case of Shi Gaowen, helium purge, so once experiment can obtain two groups of experimental datas, and this two groups
Experimental data is separate, and this two groups of experimental datas are screened, using the method processing data of com-parison and analysis, then can be obtained
The thermal conductivity confidential interval of high confidence level.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, being used required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for the measuring table for being used for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of tube furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of thermal probe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure for measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided is shown
It is intended to.As shown in figure 1, the platform mainly includes：
Gas cylinder 1, flowmeter 2, tube furnace 9, voltage-stablizer 10, air pump 7, temperature control system 6, and measurement and data analysis
System 5；The gas cylinder 1, flowmeter 2, tube furnace 9, voltage-stablizer 10 are sequentially connected with air pump 7 by gas pipeline 11, constitute gas
Body loop；The temperature control system 6 is connected by power line 8 with the tube furnace 9；The measurement and data analysis system 5 are logical
Data wire 4 is crossed with the tube furnace 9 to be connected.In addition, for the ease of measurement, also above-mentioned part can be placed on laboratory table 12.
As illustrated in figures 2 a-2b, the respectively longitudinal profile and horizontal section schematic diagram of tube furnace 9.The tube furnace 9 is wrapped
Include：Ball bed wall 16, porous plate 17, thermocouple 14, heating rod 13 and thermal probe 15；The ball bed wall 16 is located at pipe with porous plate 17
Tritium multiplication agent bead is filled with the flat-temperature zone of formula stove 9, its cavity surrounded, ball bed 3 is constituted；The thermal probe 15 is inserted in ball
In bed 3, the vertical equity of heating rod 13 is arranged in ball bed 3, and the horizontal cross of thermocouple 14 is arranged in ball bed 3.
Heating rod 13 in the tube furnace 9 is connected with thermal probe 15 with the temperature control system 6, and the heating
Rod 13, thermal probe 15 are connected with thermocouple 14 with the measurement and data analysis system 5.
In practical operation, flowmeter 2 is used to measure gas flow；Voltage-stablizer 10 is used to control gas pressure；Temperature control
System 6 processed is used for the temperature for controlling heating rod 13 and thermal probe 15 in tube furnace 9.The temperature of the measurement ball bed radial direction of thermocouple 14,
Thermal probe 15 provides the temperature and heating power of transient state, and heating rod 13 provides the heating power of stable state, passes through data wire 4, transmission
To measurement and data analysis system 5.
As shown in figure 3, the front end of the thermal probe 15 is special pipe 20, rear end is base 19；Inside the special pipe 20
It is provided with：Heater strip 21, thermocouple 14 and galvanic couple wire 18；The heater strip 21 is made up of low resistance temperature coefficient material, in spy
Plant in pipe 20 is helical form；Thermocouple 14 is connected with galvanic couple wire 18, positioned at close to top side；Adding in the special pipe 20
Heated filament 21 is stretched into the base 19 with galvanic couple wire 18, and is connected with the lead 22 in base 19, is brought out after base 19, with
Data wire 4 is connected.
It is above the composition structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity measuring table, in order to
Readily appreciate, be described in detail below for its principle.
The above-mentioned measuring table that the embodiment of the present invention is provided mainly solves following two technical problems：1) pass how is designed
In the experimental program of tritium multiplication agent ball bed, reliable measurement data is obtained, and reliable analysis is carried out to data；2) how in experiment
In probe into the relation between tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity and numerous influence factors, such as：The diameter of bead, ball bed filling because
Relation between the factor such as son, temperature, the pressure of purge gas, the flow velocity of purge gas of ball bed and ball bed thermal conductivity.
1) problem 1 is directed to, is compared mutually for the reliability of the experimental data of acquisition, it is necessary to be repeated several times testing,
But the systematic error for device can not reduce, and this experiment China and foreign countries bound variable is more, carries out repetition experiment and realizes that difficulty is larger.
In the present invention, while measuring ball bed thermal conductivity using steady state method and Transient Method, designed in ball bed and dispose two sets of mutual shadows
Negligible measurement apparatus is rung, this two covering device can be reliable and stable in the case of high temperature, helium purge when ball bed works
Operation.So once experiment can obtain two groups of experimental datas, and this two groups of experimental datas are separate.To this two groups of experiment numbers
According to being screened, using the method processing data of com-parison and analysis, the thermal conductivity confidential interval of high confidence level is obtained.
In order that with steady state method, using tube furnace, keeping the outer stationary temperature of ball bed, designing the cylindrical pellet of big width-diameter ratio
Heating rod is disposed in bed, ball bed, stable Temperature Distribution is obtained in ball bed inner radial, and use radial arrangement thermocouple measurement
Temperature Distribution.Calculate thermal conductivity as follows using following formula：
Wherein, T is temperature of the position inside the ball bed at r, TwFor temperature (the temperature aspheric of wall on the inside of ball bed wall
The temperature of bed), q is the linear heat generation rate of heating rod, R1And R2Radius respectively on the inside of the radius of heating rod and ball bed wall, h is to blow
Scavenging and the convection exchange coefficient of ball bed inside outer wall, k is the efficient thermal conductivity of ball bed.
In order that with Transient Method, designing new thermal probe, thermal probe can be placed in the internal diverse location of tritium multiplication agent ball bed,
Obtain the measurement data at the internal diverse location of ball bed.Calculate thermal conductivity and use following formula：
Or write as：ΔT(r0, t)=Alnt+B；
Wherein, Δ T (r0, t)=T (r0,t)-T(r0, 0),r0Add for thermocouple distance
The axial distance at heated filament center, T (r0,t)、T(r0, 0) and it is respectively t, 0 moment ball bed inner radial r0The temperature at place, Δ T
(r0, it is t) temperature variation between two moment, t measures moment elapsed time to start 0 moment of measurement to end,For local derviation
Operator, q is the linear heat generation rate of heater strip, and k is the efficient thermal conductivity of ball bed, and α is the thermal diffusion coefficient of ball bed, c=eγ≈ 1.7810,
γ is Euler's constant.
2) problem 2 is directed to, using the method for controlling outer bound variable, the pass probed between ball bed thermal conductivity and single influence factor
System.The diameter of bead, the fill factor, curve factor of ball bed are controlled when can be by ball bed fillers；Ball bed outer use uses in tube furnace, ball bed
Heating rod, by controlling above-mentioned heater power come control ball bed tempertaure；Air pump, voltage-stablizer control in extraneous gas circulation loop
The pressure of purge gas processed and the flow velocity of purge gas.
In the such scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, by measuring ball bed thermal conductivity using steady state method and Transient Method simultaneously,
Designed in ball bed and dispose two sets of negligible measurement apparatus that influence each other, this two covering device can be high when ball bed works
Reliable and stable operation in the case of temperature, helium purge, so once experiment can obtain two groups of experimental datas, and this two groups of experiments
Data are separate, and this two groups of experimental datas are screened, using the method processing data of com-parison and analysis, then can obtain height and put
The thermal conductivity confidential interval of reliability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity, it is characterised in that including：
Gas cylinder, flowmeter, tube furnace, voltage-stablizer, air pump, temperature control system, and measurement and data analysis system；The gas
Bottle, flowmeter, tube furnace, voltage-stablizer and air pump are sequentially connected by gas pipeline；The temperature control system passes through power line
It is connected with the tube furnace；The measurement and data analysis system are connected by data wire with the tube furnace；
Wherein, the tube furnace includes：Ball bed wall, porous plate, thermocouple, heating rod and thermal probe；The ball bed wall with it is porous
Plate, which is located in the flat-temperature zone of tube furnace, its cavity surrounded, is filled with tritium multiplication agent bead, constitutes ball bed；The thermal probe insertion
In ball bed, the heating rod vertical equity is arranged in ball bed, and the horizontal cross of the thermocouple is arranged in ball bed.
2. measuring table according to claim 1, it is characterised in that heating rod in the tube furnace and thermal probe with
The temperature control system is connected, and the heating rod, thermal probe are measured and data analysis system phase with thermocouple with described
Even.
3. measuring table according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the front end of the thermal probe is special pipe, rear end
For base；
It is provided with inside the special pipe：Heater strip, thermocouple and galvanic couple wire；The heater strip is by low resistance temperature coefficient material
It is made, is helical form in special pipe；Thermocouple is connected with galvanic couple wire, positioned at close to top side；
Heater strip in the special pipe is stretched into the base with galvanic couple wire, and is connected with the lead in base, is brought out
After base, it is connected with data wire.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510106712.6A CN104730104B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-03-11 | A kind of measuring table for tritium multiplication agent ball bed thermal conductivity |
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| CN104730104B true CN104730104B (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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| CN106770440B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of Ceramic Balls bed efficient thermal conductivity test platform |
| CN106969792B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-10-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | One bulb bed Comprehensive Experiment measuring device and method |
| CN108775913B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2020-01-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental platform for measuring ball bed packing factor under high-temperature strong magnetic field |
| CN111312418A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | Thermal probe applied to high-temperature ball bed effective thermal conductivity measurement |
| CN112908121B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Supercritical carbon dioxide device for reactor thermal experiment teaching |
| CN113702082A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Experimental device and method for researching convection heat transfer characteristics of buried pipe in dense-phase region of fluidized bed |
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