CN104726729A - Method for adjusting pressing condition of hard alloy - Google Patents
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for adjusting a pressing condition of a hard alloy product. The method comprises the steps of preliminarily calculating theoretical value of the pressing condition, carrying out first-time trial pressure and trial burning, adjusting the pressing condition through a calculation formula and taking the adjusted pressing condition as the finally-determined pressing condition. Only through one-time trial pressure and trail burning, the final pressing condition can be determined, and the advantages of removing adjusting blindness and simplifying the adjusting program can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production of hard alloys, and particularly relates to adjustment and setting of pressing conditions of hard alloys.
Background
The hard alloy is an alloy material made of hard compound of refractory metal and binding metal by powder metallurgy process, and has a series of excellent properties of high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, in particular, the high hardness and wear resistance of the hard alloy material are basically kept unchanged even at the temperature of 500 ℃, and the hard alloy material still has high hardness at the temperature of 1000 ℃. Currently, cemented carbide is widely used as a tool material, a mold material, a wear-resistant material, a mine tool material, and the like.
The production and preparation of the hard alloy generally comprise main processes of mixture preparation, compression molding, sintering and the like. In order to provide the necessary strength and hardness to the alloy, the binder metal is added to the hard compound in the form of a fine powder, and other components are added as necessary, to produce a homogeneous mixture with a certain desired particle size. Subsequently, the mixed powder is filled in a die and pressurized under a press, and a green product of a desired shape and size is obtained after demolding. And finally, sintering the pressed compact product, namely heating to a certain temperature, keeping for a certain time, and then cooling to obtain a sintered pressed compact product with a certain size.
The quality of the hard alloy sintered compact product is directly reflected by the control of the size, and is closely related to the production cost. For a uniaxially compacted cemented carbide product, the dimensions of its sintered compact product after the mix quality, press quality, compaction mode, sintering process, etc. are determined are entirely determined by the compaction conditions (i.e., the green weight and the green height). The weight and height of the compact are the most basic parameters in the compression molding process and also the most important parameters affecting the dimensional accuracy of the compact.
Currently, the determination of the pressing conditions for cemented carbide products, as shown in fig. 1, generally comprises the following steps: (1) preliminarily calculating a theoretical value of the pressing condition; (2) the first trial production (including the first pressure test and trial burning); (3) adjusting the pressing conditions; (4) testing pressure and burning in a trial mode again (namely trial production again); (5) finally, the pressing conditions were determined. Wherein, the step (3) and the step (4) are usually required to be repeated for a plurality of times.
In the process of determining the pressing conditions of cemented carbide products as shown in fig. 1, the adjustment of the pressing conditions is of particular importance. The quality of the adjustment result of the pressing condition directly determines the number of trial production processes, thereby having a significant influence on the control of the production cost. However, the current methods for adjusting the pressing conditions generally rely on manual experience for adjustment and are verified by re-testing and burning.
It should be appreciated that the adjustment of the pressing conditions, although technically not very difficult and easy to perform, is only done by manual experience, but the drawbacks are also evident, mainly:
(1) due to lack of theoretical guidance, adjustment blindness exists inevitably for people with poor experience, and optimal pressing conditions are not easy to obtain;
(2) the time period is long, because each adjustment needs to be verified by pressure test and burning test again, the period of each pressure test and burning test is at least 24 hours, and the adjustment is usually carried out for many times.
Disclosure of Invention
One purpose of the invention is to combine theoretical calculation with pressure test and test burning based on theoretical calculation, thereby eliminating adjustment blindness.
Another object of the present invention is to simplify the adjustment procedure and reduce the number of "pressure tests and" test burns "and thus the adjustment time. It is expected that the pressing conditions can be finally determined only by primary pressure test and pilot burning (i.e. pilot production) and one adjustment under theoretical guidance. In other words, after adjustment, it is not necessary to perform a pressure test and a test burning again.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for adjusting pressing conditions of a cemented carbide product, comprising: preliminarily calculating a theoretical value of the pressing condition to obtain the single weight of the preliminary pressed compact and the height of the preliminary pressed compact; filling a proper amount of mixture powder in a pressing die based on the single weight and the height of the initial pressed compact for pressing to obtain the height H of a trial pressed compact1And the single weight W of the trial-produced green compact1And sintering the green compact obtained by the pressing to obtain a sintered compact product to obtain a trial sintered compact product height h1And trial sintered compact volume v1(ii) a According to the desired target size of the sintered compact article (typically including, for example, the target sintered compact article volume v)2And/or target sintered compact article height h2) And calculating to obtain the single weight W of the target pressed compact by using a first formula2And calculating to obtain the target compact height H by using a second formula2(ii) a And subjecting the target green compact to a single weight W2And target compact height H2Adjusting the final pressing conditions of the hard alloy product.
Wherein the first formula is
And an
The second formula is
。
In one exemplary embodiment, the press forming is a unidirectional uniaxial press forming. Alternatively, the press molding may employ a biaxial uniaxial press molding.
In another exemplary embodiment, the target green compact unit weight and the target green compact height are also used after the final pressing conditions are determined, and a suitable amount of mixed material powder is filled in a die to perform pressing and sintering to determine whether the finally obtained sintered compact product meets the target size.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, the quality of the mix, the quality of the press mold, the pressing mode, the sintering process, etc. are determined prior to the preliminary calculation of the theoretical values of the pressing conditions.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, the green article is a contoured green compact, including, for example, various cemented carbide cylinders, cylinders (e.g., cold heading die blanks), rings (e.g., roll blanks), hexahedrons (e.g., die body material), strip-sheet products (e.g., various blades).
In still another exemplary embodiment, the green compact is a non-uniform height green compact, and the difference in height between the highest portion and the lowest portion is small compared to the overall height of the green compact.
In addition, the invention also provides a hard alloy product which is pressed by adjusting the pressing conditions according to the method and sintered.
Drawings
Advantages and realisation of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only, and not by way of limitation, and which are drawn purely by way of illustration and not to scale. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart for determining pressing conditions of cemented carbide products.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart for determining the pressing conditions of a cemented carbide product using the calculation formula according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the art, it is recognized that molding refers to the process of compacting a powder into a compact having a desired shape. Here, the molding mainly refers to press molding. During compaction, mix powders typically exhibit three stages:
1. the compact density is rapidly increased along with the increase of pressure, and the pores are rapidly reduced;
2. the green density increases slowly because the porosity is largely eliminated in stage 1, and continued pressurization merely causes elastic yield deformation of the pellets;
3. the increase in pressure may reach the yield and strength limits of the powder material at which the powder particles plastically deform or brittle fracture occurs. The green compact density increases as fragments formed by brittle fracture of the particles fill the pores.
The basic concept of the invention is as follows: for the uniaxial pressing of the same batch of hard alloy mixture, a group of mathematical formulas is established, and then the adjusted pressing conditions, namely the single weight of the target pressed blank and the height of the target pressed blank, are accurately calculated by utilizing the group of formulas. Here, the term "uniaxial pressing" refers to pressing a mixture powder by applying a force in one axial direction. The pressing method of pressing the mixture powder from one direction to form the mixture powder is one-way pressing, and the pressing method of pressing the mixture powder from two opposite directions to form the mixture powder is two-way pressing. By the term "single weight", it is meant, as the name implies, the weight of the powder mix required for each article (single piece).
For a compact article of the same batch of cemented carbide batch after uniaxial pressing and sintering, the inventors realized that:
(1) the volume of the sintered compact product is proportional to the single weight of the compact; and
(2) variations in the height of the sintered compact article are affected by two factors simultaneously: the height of the sintered compact product is directly proportional to the pressing height, and the cube of the change of the linear dimension of the sintered compact product is directly proportional to the change of the compact density. The combined action of the two factors results in a change in the height of the sintered compact product.
Based on the basic principle, the invention establishes a formula combination, and specifically comprises the following two formulas, wherein:
the formula (1) is:
……（1）
wherein,
W2the weight of the target compact (unit: g)
W1Trial pressed compact basis weight (unit: g)
v2Volume of target sintered compact product (unit: cm)3）
v1Trial sintering of the volume of the compact product (unit: cm)3）
The formula (2) is:
……（2）
wherein,
H2target compact height (unit: mm)
H1Height of trial-made green compact (unit: mm)
h2Target sintered compact product height (unit: mm)
h1Trial height of sintered compact article (unit: mm)
Thus, the formula combination established by the present invention is specifically expressed as:
with the above formula combinations, the adjustment of the pressing conditions according to the present invention comprises: and (3) adjusting the single weight of the pressed blank by using a formula (1), then adjusting the height of the pressed blank by using a formula (2), and finally checking and calculating other sizes.
The formula combination established according to the invention is particularly suitable for adjusting the pressing conditions of high-pressure compacts such as hard alloys formed by uniaxial pressing under the condition of normal process. For example, various cemented carbide cylinders, cylinders (e.g., cold heading blanks), rings (e.g., roll blanks), hexahedrons (e.g., mold body materials), strip-shaped products (e.g., various inserts), the compacts of which are all contoured. As a modification, for the unequal-height green compacts, the smaller the height difference between the highest portion and the lowest portion thereof as compared with the entire height of the green compact product, the better the adaptability of the formula combination according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the method of adjusting the pressing conditions of a cemented carbide product according to the present invention is specifically described. First, a binder metal is added to a hard compound in a fine powder form, thereby forming a mixture powder. Then, in step (1), the theoretical values of the pressing conditions are preliminarily calculated to obtain the initial green compact single weight and the initial green compact height. Specifically, the inventors used the following equations (a) and (b) to obtain the initial green compact single weight and the initial green compact height, specifically:
Mp = Vs×ρs×Le （a）
Hp = K ×Hs （b）
in the formula,
mp-weight per unit weight of green compact g
Vs-volume cm of alloy (sintered compact)3
ρ s-density g/cm of alloy (sintered compact)3
Le-weight loss coefficient (weight loss of green compact during sintering, etc.)
Hp-height of compact cm
K-coefficient of linear shrinkage (axial)
Hs-height cm of sintered compact
Note that the linear shrinkage rate, which is the ratio of the difference between the sizes of the green compact and sintered compact to the size of the green compact, and the linear shrinkage coefficient, which is the ratio of the size of the green compact to the size of the sintered compact, are two different concepts. In the production technology of hard alloy, linear shrinkage coefficients are mostly used, so that a calculation formula is simpler.
Next, in step (2), a suitable amount of mixed powder is filled in a die based on the single weight of the obtained preliminary green compact and the preliminary green compact height, and the mixture is compressed to obtain a trial green compact height H1And the single weight W of the trial-produced green compact1And sintering the green compact obtained by the pressing to obtain a sintered compact product to obtain a trial sintered compact product height h1And trial sintered compact volume v1. Then, in step (3), a target green compact singlet weight W of the sintered compact product is calculated from the desired target size of the sintered compact product using the formula (1)2And calculating the target compact height H of the sintered compact product by using the formula (2)2. Finally, in step (4), the calculated target green compact single weight W is used2And target compact height H2Adjusting the final pressing conditions of the hard alloy product. Optionally, a pressing die is filled with a proper amount of mixed powder to perform pressing and sintering by using the finally determined pressing conditions, namely the single weight of the obtained pressed compact and the height of the pressed compact, so as to determine whether the finally obtained sintered compact product meets the target size.
The adjustment and setting of the pressing conditions of the cemented carbide product according to the invention are described below by means of specific examples.
Example 1
A cemented carbide product in a hexahedral shape, whose target dimensions of a sintered compact product are (height x width x length): 50.30mm × 150.60mm × 150.60 mm;
pressed blank parameters after the first pressure test: single weight W1=16580g, height H1=62.15mm；
The sizes of the sintered compact products after the first test firing are as follows: 50.65mm × 150.45mm × 150.45 mm.
How to adjust to the correct press conditions W2，H2Is there?
Firstly, based on the single weight W of the pressed compact after the first pressure test1Volume v of the sintered compact after the first test firing1And a target volume v of the sintered compact article2The adjusted single weight of the green compact (i.e. the target single weight of the green compact) W is obtained by using the formula (1)2。
Specifically, the volume v of the sintered compact after the first test firing1Is 50.65 × 150.45 × 150.45=1146.5 × 103mm3(ii) a Target volume v of sintered compact article2Is 50.30 × 150.60 × 150.60=1140.8 × 103mm3(ii) a And the weight W of the pressed compact after the first pressure test116580 g. Then, the target green compact weight is obtained based on the formula (1)
W2=W1×v2/v1=16580×（1140.8×103/1146.5×103）=16498（g）
Then, the adjusted compact height (i.e., the target compact height) is obtained by using equation (2) by knowing the dimensional parameters of the compact and sintered compact products in combination with the target dimensional parameters. It should be clear that the height H of the compact after the first pressure test can be obtained by measurement1And the height h of the sintered compact after the first trial firing1Then based on the target height h of the sintered compact product2The adjusted compact height H can be obtained by using the formula (2)2。
Specifically, the height H of the green compact after the first pressure test1Is 62.15 mm; height h of sintered compact after first trial firing150.65 mm; and a target height h of the sintered compact product2Is 50.30 mm. Then, the adjusted height of the green compact is obtained based on the formula (2)
Thus, the correct compaction conditions after adjustment are the single weight W of the compact2Height H of green compact to 16498g261.66 mm. And carrying out batch pressing production according to the pressing parameters, wherein the length, the width, the height and the size of the finally obtained sintered compact product are all in accordance with expectations.
Example 2
A cemented carbide product in the shape of a torus having target dimensions for a sintered compact product of: outer diameter phid =85mm, inner diameter phia =40mm, height h =80 mm;
pressed blank parameters after the first pressure test: single weight W1=4950g, height H1=99.92mm；
The sizes of the sintered compact products after the first test firing are as follows: phi d1=85.6mm，φa1=40.3mm，h1=80.2mm。
How to adjust to the correct press conditions W2，H2Is there?
Firstly, according to the concrete size of the hard alloy product in the shape of the circular ring, the volume v of the sintered compact product after the first test firing is obtained by using a known circular ring volume calculation formula1And a target volume v of the sintered compact article2。
Similarly to example 1, the adjusted green compact single weight was obtained based on the formula (1)
W2=W1×v2/v1=4950×353.4×103/359.2×103=4870（g）
Similarly, the adjusted height of the green compact is obtained based on the formula (2)
Thus, the correct compaction conditions after adjustment are the single weight W of the compact2Height H of green compact to 4870g2100.36 mm. And carrying out batch pressing production according to the pressing parameters, wherein the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the height of the finally obtained sintered compact product are all in accordance with expectations.
The method for adjusting the pressing conditions of the hard alloy is suitable for adjusting the pressing conditions of the hard alloy products formed by uniaxial pressing, and has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) the theoretical calculation is used as guidance, so that the blindness of adjustment is eliminated, and the optimal pressing condition is obtained after adjustment;
(2) the adjusting program is simplified, the adjusting time is shortened, multiple pressure test burning is not needed, and the pressing condition can be finally determined only by carrying out one-time adjustment (no pressure test burning is needed after adjustment) by using formula calculation after the first pressure test burning.
The disclosure has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for adjusting the pressing conditions of a cemented carbide product, comprising the steps of:
preliminarily calculating a theoretical value of the pressing condition to obtain the single weight of the preliminary pressed compact and the height of the preliminary pressed compact;
filling a proper amount of mixed powder in a compression mold based on the basis of the basis weight of the preliminary pressed compact and the preliminary pressed compact height, and compressing to obtain a trial pressed compact height (H)1) And the weight of the trial-produced green compact (W)1) And sintering the green compact obtained by the pressing to obtain a sintered compact product to obtain the sintered compact productTrial sintering of the Green Block product height (h)1) And trial sintered compact product volume (v)1）；
According to the target size (v) of the sintered compact product2，h2) And calculating the target compact weight (W) of the sintered compact product by using a first formula2) And calculating a target compact height (H) of the sintered compact product by using a second formula2) (ii) a And
single weight (W) of the sintered compact product2) And target compact height (H)2) Adjusting the final pressing conditions as said cemented carbide product,
wherein the first formula is
And an
The second formula is
，
In the formula,
W2the weight of the target compact (unit: g)
W1Trial pressed compact basis weight (unit: g)
v2Volume of target sintered compact product (unit: cm)3）
v1Trial sintering of the volume of the compact product (unit: cm)3）
H2Target compact height (unit: mm)
H1Height of trial-made green compact (unit: mm)
h2Target sintered compact product height (unit: mm)
h1Trial sintered compact product height (unit: mm).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said pressing comprises uniaxial unidirectional pressing and uniaxial bidirectional pressing.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising filling a suitable amount of mixture powder in a die to perform compaction to obtain a final compact product using the target compact unit weight and the target compact height.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parameters of mix mass, press mold mass, pressing mode, sintering process, etc. are determined before the preliminary calculation of the theoretical values of the pressing conditions.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of pressing and sintering are performed only once.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide product is hexahedral in shape.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide product is in the shape of a toroid.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the article is a contoured compact.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the green compact is a non-uniform-height green compact, and a height difference between a highest portion and a lowest portion of the green compact is small as compared with a height of the green compact.
10. A cemented carbide product pressed and sintered using the method according to any one of claims 1-9 with the pressing conditions adjusted.
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| CN110369713A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-25 | 济南市冶金科学研究所有限责任公司 | A kind of hard alloy hobcutter product size control method |
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| JP2008143748A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-26 | Bridgestone Corp | Silicon carbide sintered compact free from warp and method for producing the same |
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